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Fault Current Calculation

To calculate fault current: - For a transformer, use the formula Fault Current = Transformer Rating / (per unit impedance x phase voltage) - For a line, use the formula F = V / sqrt(P) / ((L x R / 1000) ^ 2 + (L x X / 1000 + V / (A x sqrt(P))) ^ 2) ^ 0.5 + 4 x M + 5 x N - Full load current of a transformer can be calculated by taking the VA rating and dividing it by the output voltage

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2K views3 pages

Fault Current Calculation

To calculate fault current: - For a transformer, use the formula Fault Current = Transformer Rating / (per unit impedance x phase voltage) - For a line, use the formula F = V / sqrt(P) / ((L x R / 1000) ^ 2 + (L x X / 1000 + V / (A x sqrt(P))) ^ 2) ^ 0.5 + 4 x M + 5 x N - Full load current of a transformer can be calculated by taking the VA rating and dividing it by the output voltage

Uploaded by

farhanajn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How do i calculate Prospective fault current?

I=Uo/Ze

Which means Pfc = Nominal Voltage / Impedance

It's Ohms Law

How to calculate fault current for transformer?


The fault current of a power transformer will depend on the following;
Transformer Rating (in KVA/MVA)
per unit impedence of the transformer (%p.u.)
line/phase Voltage (VL/VP)
the following formula can be used to find the fault current on the secondary side of a transformer

Fault Current = Transformer Rating /(per unit impedance x phase voltage)

The Values of Transformer Rating, per unit impedance & phase/line voltage will usually be
mentioned on the transformer rating plate / data sheet
As an example a 500kVA, 11kV/400V/3-Phase/50Hz transformer with 5% p.u impendence will
have the following fault levels on the secondary side

Fault level = 500/(5%)=10000kVA

S=1.732 * VPP * IP

Fault current = 500/(5% x 400 x 1.732) = 14.4 kA

Remember to use 3phase voltage!

How do you calculate fault current for line?


F = V / sqrt(P) / ((L x R / 1000) ^ 2 + (L x X / 1000 + V / (A x sqrt(P))) ^ 2) ^ 0.5 + 4 x M + 5 x
N

Where:

F = Available fault current at source (A) V = Circuit voltage (use line voltage if three-phase and
phase voltage if single-phase) (V) P = Number of phases (1 or 3) L = Distance from source of
feeder to point of interest (Ft.) R = Resistance of feeder per 1000 Ft. (Ω) X = Reactance of feeder
per 1000 Ft. (Ω) A = Available fault current at the source of the feeder (A) M = Total fault
current contribution of induction motors (A) N = Total fault current contribution of synchronous
motors (A)

How can calculate fulload current of


transformer?
Take the VA of the transformer and divide it by the output voltage

How do you calculate current on the primary


side of a transformer?
If it's a step up or step down transformer and you know the secondary side current, multiply the
secondary current by the turns ratio. If you know the power in the secondary winding but not the
current, divide the secondary power by the secondary voltage to get the secondary current and
then multiply the secondary current by the turns ratio to get the primary current.

The turns ratio is the number of turns on the secondary winding divided by the number of turns
on the primary winding. For a step up transformer, the turns ratio will be greater then one. If it's
a step down transformer, then the turns ratio will be less than one.

If you don't know the turns ratio, divide the secondary voltage by the primary voltage to get the
turns ratio.

How do you calculate VA burden of Current


Transformer?
The method I have seen employed is to estimate the maximum current that will flow in the
secondary side of the CT due to fault currents on the primary side, and calculate the total load
(resistance) on the secondary side, including the CT resistance, cable resistance (2 way for
ground faults, 1 way for three phase and L-L), resistance of any meters/relays connected to the
CT. Once this is known, the voltage rise in the CT can be determined to see if the CT is likely to
saturate.

Alternately, you can determine the VA burden by the above, VA = V*I = (I*R)*I, using Ohm's
law.

The above answers the question of how to calculate the VA burdon on a current transformer. The
VA burden of a CT is determined by the resistivity of the CT, multiplied by the current squared
through the secondary. In general, this will be provided by the manufacturer in the form of a CT
burden characteristic, developed through testing of the CT in question, not through calculations.

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