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    Stretch Reflex

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    Tots Enriquez Navarro
    The document discusses stretch reflexes and deep tendon reflexes. It describes how a reflex arc works, from the receptor receiving a stimulus to the effector producing a response. Specifically, it explains how a tap from a reflex hammer stretches the muscle spindle, which detects the stretch and sends signals through the spinal cord to contract the muscle. Abnormal reflex responses can provide information on central or peripheral nervous system integrity. Procedures for testing various reflexes are outlined, along with reinforcement techniques and guidelines for accurate assessments.

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    Stretch Reflex

    Uploaded by

    Tots Enriquez Navarro
    2K views31 pages
    The document discusses stretch reflexes and deep tendon reflexes. It describes how a reflex arc works, from the receptor receiving a stimulus to the effector producing a response. Specifically, it explains how a tap from a reflex hammer stretches the muscle spindle, which detects the stretch and sends signals through the spinal cord to contract the muscle. Abnormal reflex responses can provide information on central or peripheral nervous system integrity. Procedures for testing various reflexes are outlined, along with reinforcement techniques and guidelines for accurate assessments.

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    The document discusses stretch reflexes and deep tendon reflexes. It describes how a reflex arc works, from the receptor receiving a stimulus to the effector producing a response. Specifically, it explains how a tap from a reflex hammer stretches the muscle spindle, which detects the stretch and sends signals through the spinal cord to contract the muscle. Abnormal reflex responses can provide information on central or peripheral nervous system integrity. Procedures for testing various reflexes are outlined, along with reinforcement techniques and guidelines for accurate assessments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views31 pages

    Stretch Reflex

    Uploaded by

    Tots Enriquez Navarro
    The document discusses stretch reflexes and deep tendon reflexes. It describes how a reflex arc works, from the receptor receiving a stimulus to the effector producing a response. Specifically, it explains how a tap from a reflex hammer stretches the muscle spindle, which detects the stretch and sends signals through the spinal cord to contract the muscle. Abnormal reflex responses can provide information on central or peripheral nervous system integrity. Procedures for testing various reflexes are outlined, along with reinforcement techniques and guidelines for accurate assessments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    STRETCH

    REFLEX
    Group 3
    Consunji
    Cua
    De Leon
    Dolencio
    Objectives
    To elicit and observe examples of stretch
    reflexes
    To analyze abnormal reflex responses
    from a knowledge of the reflex pathways.
    Theory
    Reflex
    Reflex is an involuntary response to a
    stimulus by the animal organism. It consists
    of the stimulation of an afferent nerve
    through a sense organ, or receptor, followed
    by transmission of the stimulus to an efferent
    motor nerve, resulting in action of a muscle
    or gland, called the effector.
    Stretch Reflex ( Deep Tendon Reflex)

    Brisk contraction of a muscle when


    stimulated by a sharp tap by the rubber reflex
    hammer on the part where the muscle is
    inserted is the deep tendon reflex(DTR) or
    the stretch reflex.
    How is a Stimulus Detected?
     Some cells are specialized to react to a specific
    stimulus.
    These are called receptors.

    When the receptor is stimulated, it sends a


    message to a
    part of your body that effects the correct response.
    This is
    called the effector.
    How the Message Travels From the
    Receptor to the Effector.
    How is the Hammer Tap Detected?
    ◦ Stretch receptor: muscular spindles
    -Provide the central nervous system with sensory information
    regarding the muscle length and the rate of change in the muscle
    length
    Each muscle spindle measures about 1 to
    4 mm in length and is surrounded by a
    fusiform capsule of connective tissue.

    Within the capsule are the Intrafusal


    muscle fibers and outside the muscular
    spindles are the Extrafusal muscle fibers.
    Types of Intrafusal Fibers and Its
    Sensory Endings

    Nuclear bag
    Nuclear chain
    Two types of sensory innervation of
    muscle spindles:

    Annulospiral endings

    Flower-spray endings
    How the Message Travels From the
    Receptor to the Effector.
    Stretch Reflex
    Response Reflexes
    STATIC RESPONSE
    -primary and secondary endings
    -slowly stretched

    DYNAMIC RESPONSE
    -primary endings
    -rapid change in spindle length
    Dynamic Reflex
    -elicitedby dynamic signal from primary
    endings of muscle spindle
    -instantaneous, strong reflex contraction
    Purpose of Stretch Reflexes
    The stretch reflexes (often called deep
    tendon reflexes) provide information on
    the integrity of the central and peripheral
    nervous system.
    Generally, decreased reflexes indicate a
    peripheral problem, and lively or
    exaggerated reflexes a central one.
    Procedure
    ANKLE JERK
     
    KNEE JERK

    TRICEPS JERK
     
    BICEPS JERK
    RESULTS
    REFLEX RESPONSE (Movement Elicited) NATURE OF RESPONSE (Brisk, Weak)

    1)Achilles Tendon Reflex Right Left Relaxed (Right and Left) Monkey Grip (Right and
    (Ankle jerk) Left)

    Plantar flexion of Plantar flexion of ankle Weak plantar flexion of Brisk plantar flexion of
    ankle joint on joint on tapping the ankle joint ankle joint
    tapping the Achilles tendon
    Achilles tendon

    2) Patellar Tendon Reflex Weak extension of knee Brisk extension of knee


    (Knee Jerk) Extension of knee Extension of knee joint on joint joint
    joint on tapping the tapping the patellar tendon
    patellar tendon

    3) Triceps Tendon Reflex Weak extension of the Clenched Teeth (Right and
    Extension of the Extension of the elbow elbow joint Left)
    elbow joint joint
    brisk extension of the
    elbow joint

    4) Biceps Brachii Tendon Weak flexion of the elbow Brisk flexion of the elbow
    Reflex Flexion of the elbow Flexion of the elbow joint joint joint
    joint by tapping the by tapping the biceps
    biceps tendon tendon
    JENDRASSIK MANEUVER
    A reinforcement of the reflex
    Monkey grip
    Used to distract the patient to enhance the
    chances of obtaining the reflex.
    Discussion
     REFLEX ARC
    -refers to the neural pathway that a nerve impulse follows.
    The reflex arc typically consists of five components (5):
     
    1. The receptor at the end of a sensory neuron
     
    2. The sensory (afferent) neuron
     
    3. The integration center consists of one or more synapses in the
    CNS.
     
    4. A motor (efferent) neuron
     
    5. An effector
    Muscle Spindle (Stretch Reflex)
    Monosynaptic and Polysynaptic
    reflex arc
    MONOSYNAPTIC
    ◦ -consists of single sensory and motor
    ◦ -presence of a single chemical synapse

    POLYSYNAPTIC
    ◦ -one or more interneurons connect sensory and
    motor signals
    ◦ -number of synapse in each branch varies
    Receptors of Reflex
    Muscle spindle
    Golgi Tendon Organ
    Roles of Muscle Spindle ( Stetch
    Reflex)
    A muscle spindle is a small cluster of
    specialized muscle fibers within a muscle.
    Also called stretch receptors, they detect
    stretch (changes in the length) in the muscle.
    When a muscle stretches, the muscle spindle
    detects how much and how fast the muscle is
    stretching and sends signals to the spine with
    this information.
    The purpose of muscle spindles stretch reflex
    is to help maintain muscle tone and to protect
    your body from injury caused by
    overstretching.
    Superficial and Deep reflexes
    DEEP REFLEX
    -involuntary muscular contraction following
    percussion of a tendon or bone
    -also called “jerk”

    SUPERFICIAL REFLEX
    -any withdrawal reflex elicited by noxious or
    tactile stimulation of the skin, cornea, or
    mucous membrane
    -
    SUPERFICIAL
    REFLEXES
     ABDOMINAL REFLEX
     CREMASTER REFLEX
     NORMAL PLANTAR
    RESPONSE
     ANAL WINK
     CORNEA REFLEX
    Example of superficial reflex cornea reflex
    Pathologic reflex
     The Snout reflex
    -This reflex is tested in a neurological exam and
    if present, is a sign of brain damage.
     Babinski response
     - appearance of this reflex suggests the presence
    of an upper motor neuron lesion
     Hoffman response
     - affecting upper extremity
    Guideline in Accurate reflex test
    0 – absence
    + - weak Hyporeflexive
    ++- Normoreflexive
    +++ - Hyperreflexive without clonus
    ++++- hyperreflexive with clonus
    Reinforcements
    The muscle that would be tested should
    be supported
    The muscle should also be relaxed
    Importance to OT profession
    To determine the spasticity or flaccidity
    of the muscle tone.

    To know the abilities and capacities of the


    patient before giving an activity

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