Contents

BTS (Base Transceiver System)

BTS in Mobile Communication
Upcoming Problems to deploy a new BTS Tower
General Architecture of BTS
-Antenna installation
(1.1)-Procedure

(1.2)-Pictures

-Feeder Cables
-Battery Installation
-DDF Installation
-Racks Installation
-BTS Power Cable Installation
-AC Distribution Box
-Ground Cables
(8.1)-Inside Earthing System

(8.2)-Outside Earthing system

-Parts of the Installation Accessory Materials List.

BTS (Base Transceiver System):
A base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site is a piece of equipment that
facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs
are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless
internet connectivity, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX gadgets etc. The network can be that of any
of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, Wi-Fi,
Wi-MAX etc. BTS is also referred to as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G
Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the
abbreviation eNB for enhanced node B is widely used.

BTS in Mobile Communication

A GSM network is made up of three subsystems:

The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) comprising an MSC and associated
registers.

The Base Station subsystem (BSS) – comprising a BSC and several BTSs

The Operations support system - for maintenance of the network.

Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication
standards, it is generally and commonly associated with mobile communication
technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the base station
subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have equipment
for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass
filters) etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as
they facilitate the functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers
(TRXs) which allow it to serve several different frequencies and different sectors of the
cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A BTS is controlled by a parent base
station controller via the base station control function (BCF). The BCF is implemented
as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF
provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network
management system (NMS), and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as
software handling and alarm collection. The basic structure and functions of the BTS
remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.

Upcoming Problems to Deployment a New BTS Tower

The growth of wireless and mobile technology stimulate development of
telecommunication infrastructure, placement of BTS (Base Transceiver System) tower
in the city cause environmental problems by inadequate space while operators install
their own tower lead to “Tower Forest” that cause aesthetic disruption and other social
problems.

BTS as telecommunication infrastructure product growth along with increasing

of wireless and mobile technology demand. In the implementation, placement of the
BTS tower in the city often caused many environmental problems in the residential
areas. Inadequate space of the city limits telecommunication infrastructure building
progress.

As we know, every BTS Tower has own operator from telecommunication

company. Each operator can install their own BTS tower, and e can imagine if this
condition continuous, there will be “Tower Forest” in the city that will be followed
with other problems such as disruption for city aesthetic, maintenance and other social
problems.

Pakistan has five telecommunication operators and each of them has their own
BTS tower and can place it anywhere they want as they got permit action by regulator.
This uncoordinated action cause sometime conflict both for the operators and
authority. Single tower for single operator cause business confrontation for BTS
coverage area and local permit conflict. The tower itself has bad shape, structure and
construction and becoming disruption to city plan. Worse case happened in settlement
area which causes other social environmental problem. Discomfort, accident, not well
maintained tower often happened and become more complicated problem.

Existing BTS Tower in Pakistan

BTS Tower design in Pakistan is dividing into two kinds which are conventional
and camouflage tower. The conventional BTS tower in tower with commonly metal
structural that only meet technical requirement to holds the radio transceivers that
define a cell and coordinates of the radio link to protocols with the mobile device. The
BTS just become networking component of a mobile communications system from
which all signals are sent and received.

The conventional BTS design is would not be discuss here because of it design
and technically aspect would not meet the requirement of being Multi Operator BTS
Aesthetic Tower (e-tower). E-Tower design would refer to camouflage tower design in
concealment but give better aesthetic and availability for local manufacturing ability
and multi operator usage. The existing camouflage tower can be derivate as lighting
tower monopole, city clock tower & monument, tree tower, street light & flag pole
Mosque etc.

The monopole towers

designed for public walkways,
public transportation meeting
areas, shopping and parking
areas, recreation areas,
residential areas, business
premises, roadway.
 There are existing BTS with idea of
combining its function as City clock
and city monument although some
product was not designed very well.
This idea seems become preferable for
city authority because of its flexibility
and idea of using existing building or
city monument offer easier
implementation and lower cost
production.

Other Alan Dick design in Malaysia and

Indonesia is

mosque tower that camouflage Tower BTS into mosque

tower in some cities.

General Architecture of BTS:-

A BTS in general has the following parts:

(i)-Transceiver (TRX)
 Quite widely referred to as the driver receiver (DRX). DRX are either in the
form of single (sTRU), double (dTRU) or a composite Double Radio Unit (DRU). It
basically does transmission and reception of signals. Also does sending and reception
of signals to/from higher network entities (like the base station controller in mobile
telephony)

(ii)Power amplifier (PA)

Amplifies the signal from DRX for transmission through antenna; may be
integrated with DRX.

(iii)Combiner

Combines feeds from several DRXs so that they could be sent out through a single
antenna. Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used.

(iv)Duplexer

For separate sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and
receiving signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna).

(v)Antenna

This is also considered a part of the BTS.

(vi)Alarm extension system

Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to
operations and maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations.

(vii)Control function

Control and manages the various units of BTS including any software. On-the-spot
configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control
function.
(viii)Baseband receiver unit (BBxx)

Frequency hopping, signal DSP, etc.

Important terms regarding a mobile BTS:-

(i)-Diversity techniques

To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used,
placed at an equal distance to an uneven multiple of a quarter of wavelength (for
900 MHz the wavelength it is 30 cm). This technique, known as antenna diversity or
space diversity, avoids interruption caused by path fading (attenuation in the volume of
the sound). The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing
requires more complex installation, but better performance is obtained in this
configuration.

Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques such as
frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity.

(ii)-Splitting

The flow of power within a particular area of the cell is known as sector. Every field
can therefore be considered like one new cell. By using directional antennas, the co-
channel interference is reduced. A typical structure is the tri-sector, also known as
clover, in which there are three sectors, each one served by separate antennas. Every
sector has a separate direction of tracking of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. If
not sectorised, the cell will be served by an Omni-directional antenna, which radiates
in all directions. Bisector cells are also implemented with the antennas serving sectors
of 180° separation to one another.

Battery Installation:
Different types of companies are provides BTS Battery Products for electric support in
BTS.

Microsoft Xbox

Casio G’zOne

Razor E325S

Toshiba Tecra M3 VACF