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    Jarava - A New High-Yielding and Pest-Resistant Rice Variety For Coastal Saline Areas

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    Grace Cañas
    1) The document describes a new rice variety named Jarava that was developed through an intensive breeding program to be high-yielding and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses in coastal saline areas. 2) Jarava was bred through multiple generations of selection and intermating between a wild rice accession, Oryza rufipogon that was salt tolerant and disease resistant, and two high-yielding rice varieties that were susceptible to these stresses. 3) Jarava was found to outyield popular check varieties in trials across several Indian states under varying salinity levels, with yield advantages of 29-51%, and showed resistance to major diseases and insect pests. It was officially released for cultivation in coastal saline zones.

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    Jarava - A New High-Yielding and Pest-Resistant Rice Variety For Coastal Saline Areas

    Uploaded by

    Grace Cañas
    243 views4 pages
    1) The document describes a new rice variety named Jarava that was developed through an intensive breeding program to be high-yielding and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses in coastal saline areas. 2) Jarava was bred through multiple generations of selection and intermating between a wild rice accession, Oryza rufipogon that was salt tolerant and disease resistant, and two high-yielding rice varieties that were susceptible to these stresses. 3) Jarava was found to outyield popular check varieties in trials across several Indian states under varying salinity levels, with yield advantages of 29-51%, and showed resistance to major diseases and insect pests. It was officially released for cultivation in coastal saline zones.

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    2010 GenRes_SR#664

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    Jarava--a new high-yielding and pest-resistant rice variety for coastal saline areas

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    1) The document describes a new rice variety named Jarava that was developed through an intensive breeding program to be high-yielding and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses in coastal saline areas. 2) Jarava was bred through multiple generations of selection and intermating between a wild rice accession, Oryza rufipogon that was salt tolerant and disease resistant, and two high-yielding rice varieties that were susceptible to these stresses. 3) Jarava was found to outyield popular check varieties in trials across several Indian states under varying salinity levels, with yield advantages of 29-51%, and showed resistance to major diseases and insect pests. It was officially released for cultivation in coastal saline zones.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    243 views4 pages

    Jarava - A New High-Yielding and Pest-Resistant Rice Variety For Coastal Saline Areas

    Uploaded by

    Grace Cañas
    1) The document describes a new rice variety named Jarava that was developed through an intensive breeding program to be high-yielding and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses in coastal saline areas. 2) Jarava was bred through multiple generations of selection and intermating between a wild rice accession, Oryza rufipogon that was salt tolerant and disease resistant, and two high-yielding rice varieties that were susceptible to these stresses. 3) Jarava was found to outyield popular check varieties in trials across several Indian states under varying salinity levels, with yield advantages of 29-51%, and showed resistance to major diseases and insect pests. It was officially released for cultivation in coastal saline zones.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Genetic resources

    Jarava–a new high-yielding and pest-resistant


    rice variety for coastal saline areas
    T. Ram, N.D. Majumder, and B. Mishra, Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar,
    Hyderabad 500030, India

    Coastal as well as inland soil salinity and alkalinity are the predominant
    abiotic stresses that limit rice production on about 8.5 million ha in India. The
    very few varieties developed for the salt-affected areas came predominantly
    from donors such as Pokkali, SR26B, Nonasail, Getu, Dasal, Chittivirippu, and
    Damodar, which have moderate tolerance. So far, adoption of varieties
    developed for the coastal saline areas is very limited (Akbar et al 1986)
    because of the occurrence of major biotic and other mineral stresses associated
    with salinity in these areas. We therefore initiated a breeding program for the
    introgression of multiple genes of agronomic importance from wild rice
    Oryza rufipogon. One accession of O. rufipogon (WR107), which was tolerant
    of salinity at ECe 9–10 dS m-1, immune to blast, and resistant to bacterial leaf
    blight (BB), brown planthopper (BPH), and whitebacked planthopper
    (WBPH), was crossed with a high-yielding line, B32-Sel-4, which was
    susceptible to salinity, blast, BB, BPH, and WBPH. The F1 was crossed with
    another susceptible line, B29-6 (late duration). Half of the F2 of the three-way
    cross were screened for blast resistance and half for salinity tolerance (ECe 9–
    10 dS m-1) and the 20 tolerant/resistant plants from each screening were
    intermated. A second cycle of intermating was also done in the F2 of the first
    intermated population. Thereafter, pedigree selection was followed.
    In the F5 generation, 42 introgression lines were screened for salt
    tolerance and resistance to blast, BPH, WBPH, and BB. Six promising lines
    tolerant of salt and resistant to blast, BB, and BPH were evaluated in the All
    India Coordinated Rice Improvement Program (AICRIP) trials for yield under
    saline conditions. They were likewise screened for resistance to major pests
    and diseases.
    The introgression line B90-15 with tolerance/resistance to salinity,
    blast, BB, and BPH was evaluated in AICRIP trials from 1999 to 2001 and in
    2004 as IET15420 in coastal saline areas under low salinity (Andhra Pradesh),
    moderate salinity (West Bengal and Maharashtra), high salinity (Andamans),
    and alkalinity with saline water irrigation with 1.7 dS m-1 and RSC 9.0 meq L-1
    (Pondicherry). It was also screened for major disease and insect pest
    resistance. In the four years of testing, with newly released varieties CST7-1
    and CSR27 as salt-tolerant checks and Jaya as a yield check, the average yield
    of IET15420 under moderate salinity conditions of West Bengal and

    2010 1
    International Rice Research Notes (0117-4185)
    Genetic resources

    Maharashtra was 4.8 and 5.7 t ha-1, respectively, with significantly higher
    yield than all the checks. In Andhra Pradesh and Pondicherry, where salinity
    was associated with alkalinity, it yielded 4.1 and 3.4 t ha-1, respectively. Under
    high-salinity conditions (ECe 9.2–10 dS m-1) in the Andamans, the average
    yield of IET15420 was 2.8 t ha-1 (Table 1). The yield advantage of IET15420
    over the check varieties is shown in Table 1. Since both indica parents (B32-
    Sel-4 and B29-6) were susceptible to salinity and other abiotic stresses, the
    tolerance in IET15420 indicated that the genes for salinity and other abiotic
    stress resistance in IET15420 were introgressed from O. rufipogon.

    Table 1. Mean yield performance of Jarava (IET15420) over locations and years in
    different states.

    State Trials Yield (t ha-1) Yield superiority (%) of Soil pH ECe


    (no.) IET15420 over checks (dS m–1)
    IET15420 CST7-1 CSR27 Jaya CST7-1 CSR27 Jaya
    West Bengal 7 4.8 3.6 (5)a 3.0 (6) 2.8 (7) 33.3 60.0 71.4 6.0–7.6 6.4–7.5
    Andhra 3 4.1 3.6 (2) 3.2 (2) 3.1 (2) 13.9 28.1 32.3 7.7–8.6 3.2–4.7
    Pradesh
    Pondicherry 3 3.4 2.5 (3) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (3) 36.0 70.0 47.8 8.2–8.6 1.6–1.8
    Andamans 2 2.8 1.2 (3) 1.5 (3) 1.7 (3) 133.3 86.7 64.7 5.7–6.2 9.2–10
    Maharashtra 3 5.7 5.2 (3) 4.0 (3) 4.2 (3) 10.0 42.5 39.0 7.5–7.9 4.5–5.6
    Weighted mean 4.4 3.4 2.9 2.3 29.4 51.7 91.3
    a
    Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of times IET15420 was statistically superior to corresponding checks at the 5%
    significance level.

    IET15420 (B90-15) was screened against different lineages of blast and


    bacterial leaf blight (BLB), sheath blight (ShB), rice tungro disease (RTD),
    BPH, WBPH, green leafhoppers (GLH), leaffolders, and a mixed population of
    planthoppers under artificial and natural infection/infestation conditions
    (AICRIP 1999-2001, 2004). Over the years and locations, IET15420 showed
    broad-spectrum resistance to blast, neck blast, leaffolders, and planthoppers
    and moderate resistance to BLB, ShB, RTD, BPH, WBPH, and GLH (Table 2).
    Both the indica parents and introgression lines were also screened for blast,
    BB, BPH, and WBPH in a glasshouse under artificial infestation. The results
    showed that the indica parents were susceptible to the diseases and insect
    pests and IET15420 was resistant, indicating that genes for multiple pest and
    disease resistance in IET15420 were also introgressed from O. rufipogon.

    2010 2
    International Rice Research Notes (0117-4185)
    Genetic resources

    Table 2. Average reaction over the years of IET15420 to major pests and diseases at
    hot-spot locations.

    Disease and Trials Score in the 0-9 SES scaleb


    insect pesta (no.) Jarava IR64 HR12 TN (1) Ajaya Vikramarya Swarnadhan
    (IET15420) R: Blast S: Blast S: BLB, R: BLB R: RTD MR: ShB
    RTD, ShB
    Leaf blast 57 2.5 3.5 7.3 –c – – –
    Neck blast 5 2.4 4.3 7.5 – – – –
    BLB 47 4.9 – – 7.7 4.1 7.1 6.8
    ShB 32 5.0 – – 7.1 6.1 5.7 5.5
    RTD 7 4.0 – – 7.9 5.3 2.0 4.3
    BPH 16 4.0 – – 9.0 – – –
    WBPH 14 4.0 – – 9.0 – – –
    GLH – 4.5 – – 9.0 – – –
    Mixed – 2.1 – – 9.0 – – –
    population of
    planthoppers
    Leaffolders – 1.7 – – 7.0 – – –
    a
    BLB = bacterial leaf blight, RTD = rice tungro disease, ShB = sheath blight,
    BPH = brown planthopper, WBPH = whitebacked planthopper, GLH = green leafhopper.
    b
    Score 0–3 = resistant, 3.1–5 = moderately resistant, 5.1–9 = susceptible. c– = not tested.

    In terms of quality characteristics, IET15420 had short, bold grains,


    58.4% head rice recovery, intermediate amylose content and alkali spreading
    value, and soft gel consistency (Table 3). It had better cooking quality than
    CST7-1 and CSR27, which have been released for coastal saline areas.
    Considering its yield superiority over the check varieties in moderately and
    highly saline and sodic conditions, its multiple resistance to/tolerance for
    major biotic stresses, and its better cooking quality, introgression line
    IET15420 was officially released as variety Jarava for cultivation in the coastal
    saline areas of West Bengal, Pondicherry, and the Andamans in 2006. Jarava is
    a prime example of a variety into which multiple genes of agronomic
    importance were introgressed from O. rufipogon.

    Table 3. Quality characteristics of IET15420 (Jarava) and check varieties.

    Varieties
    Quality characteristic
    Jarava CST7-1 CSR27 Jaya

    Milling (%) 65.8 ± 2.2 68.5 ± 1.2 70.2 ± 0.95 71.9 ± 0.3

    Head rice recovery (%) 58.4 ± 1.7 54.6 ± 6.2 51.8 ± 4.1 64.4 ± 1.6

    Kernel length (L) (mm) 5.6 ± 0.08 5.6 ± 0.11 6.2 ± 0.12 5.7 ± 0.06

    Kernel breadth (B) (mm) 2.4 ± 0.02 2.43 ± 0.01 2.2 ± 0.02 2.5 ± 0.11

    L/B 2.3 ± 0.05 2.3 ± 0.04 2.8 ± 0.03 2.3 ± 0.02

    Grain typea SB SB LB SB

    2010 3
    International Rice Research Notes (0117-4185)
    Genetic resources

    Alkali spreading value 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0

    Amylose content (%) 25.02 ± 0.01 22.58 ± 0.02 27.45 ± 0.03 26.3 ± 0.03

    GCb (mm) 35.0 ± 0.1 58.0 ± 0.5 53.0 ± 0.1 53.0 ± 0.6

    Grain chalkiness VOCc VOC VOC VOC


    a b c
    SB = short bold; LB = long bold. GC = gel consistency. VOC = very occasionally present.

    References
    AICRIP (All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Program). 1999-2001 and 2004. Progress
    report. Vol. 1. Varietal improvement. Hyderabad (India): National Screening Nursery
    of Pathology and Entomology, AICRIP.
    Akbar M, Gunawardena IE, Ponnamperuma FN. 1986. Breeding for soil stresses. In:
    Progress in rainfed lowland rice. Manila (Philippines): International Rice Research
    Institute. p 263-273.

    2010 4
    International Rice Research Notes (0117-4185)

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