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SAD Notes

The document discusses the key elements of an entity relationship (ER) diagram including entities, attributes, and relationships. Entities represent objects of interest like students or staff. Attributes are properties of entities like name and address. Relationships associate entities and can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. The document provides examples of how entities, attributes, and relationships are depicted in an ER diagram.

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254 views3 pages

SAD Notes

The document discusses the key elements of an entity relationship (ER) diagram including entities, attributes, and relationships. Entities represent objects of interest like students or staff. Attributes are properties of entities like name and address. Relationships associate entities and can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. The document provides examples of how entities, attributes, and relationships are depicted in an ER diagram.

Uploaded by

vjagarwal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit - 3

ER-DIAGRAM

An Entity Relationship data-model is a detailed, logical representation of organizational data


expressed in terms of entities, attributes and association and properties of both the entities and
their relationships.

ER-Diagram is graphical representation of an ER-Model.

The basic symbols used in ER-Diagram are:

1. Entity

2. Attributes

3. Composite Attributes

4. Identifier Attributes

5. Multi-Valued Attributes

6. Derived Attribute
7. Relationships

There are 3 basic elements of ER-Diagram :

1. Entity – An Entity can be anything in a system about which the organization intends to
maintain data.

For Example, for any library system; staff, student are the entities. So that entity is an object
that represents a group or category of data.

2. Attributes – Each entity has some properties/characteristics which are of interest to the
organization.

For Example, To Entity Student; roll_no, name and address are attributes.

Keys and Identifiers – An Identifier is that candidate key which is chosen to be used as the
unique property for an entity, That is why an identifier is also known as Primary Key sometimes.
For each identifier name and underline is put in an ER-Diagram.

Multi-Valued Attributes – These are the ones that take more than one value for each
entity. Multi-Valued Attribute can be either indicated by using a double lines ellipse or by a
weak attribute and then linking it to its associated regular entity using a relationship.

For Example, Consider an employee entity with multi-valued attributes for employees’ project
which can be shown using the ellipse.

According to figure:

Employee id Project

Employee
The above figure can also be broken into another entity as:

Employee id Project Code Project Name Chart

Employee Project

3. Relationships – Various components of an ER-Model are combined together by relationships.


A relationship is an association between the instances of one or more entity type that is of
interest to the organization.

“Detail Mapping”

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