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Data Representation

This document discusses how computers represent and store data using binary digits (bits) arranged into bytes. It explains that computers use a binary system of 1s and 0s to represent ON and OFF states. Bytes are made up of 8 bits which provide enough combinations to represent various characters. Common coding schemes like ASCII and EBCDIC assign bit patterns to represent letters, numbers and symbols. Additional parity bits are included to detect errors that may occur when transmitting or storing data.

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Noor Zilawati Sabtu
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45 views

Data Representation

This document discusses how computers represent and store data using binary digits (bits) arranged into bytes. It explains that computers use a binary system of 1s and 0s to represent ON and OFF states. Bytes are made up of 8 bits which provide enough combinations to represent various characters. Common coding schemes like ASCII and EBCDIC assign bit patterns to represent letters, numbers and symbols. Additional parity bits are included to detect errors that may occur when transmitting or storing data.

Uploaded by

Noor Zilawati Sabtu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outcome 3: Understand Data Representation & Concept of Stored Data

ON/OFF
 Computers only recognize 2 discrete state: ON and OFF because computers powered by
electricity which also has only 2 states: ON and OFF.
 2 digits ( 1 and 0) can represent these 2 states.
 0 = OFF (no electronic charge)
 1 = ON (has electronic charge)
 Refer figure 4-14 pg 4.14

BINARY SYSTEM
 Computers use BINARY SYSTEM to represent data.
 BINARY SYSTEM : Is a number system that has just 2 unique digits, 0 and 1 which is called
bits.
 Refer figure 4-14 pg 4.14

BIT/BYTE/WORDS
 BIT is short for binary digit and is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent. A bit
is not very informative.
 8 bits form a BYTE.
 A BYTE is informative because it provides enough combinations of 0s and 1s to represent
256 characters which include numbers, symbol, letters etc.
 Refer figure 4-14, 4-15, 4-16 pg 4.14

CODING SCHEMES
 The combinations of 0s and 1s that represent characters are defined by patterns called a
coding scheme.
 2 popular coding schemes are ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
and EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
 ASCII usually used by PC and midrange server
 EBCDIC usually used by mainframe.
 Each character that is represented is stored in 1 byte of memory.
 Refer figure 4-16 pg 4.14

PARITY BIT
 Extra bit for each byte that is used for error checking
 Errors occur because of voltage fluctuation, static electricity and memory failure.
 Computers are either even or odd parity machine.
 Computers with odd parity, the total number of ON bits in the byte must be an odd number.
 Computers with even parity, the total of ON bits must be even number.
 Computer check parity each time it uses a memory location.

Exercise

1) Encode the name ALI


i) In EBCDIC
ii) In ASCII
2) How would the binary code appear in the computer if the computer uses even parity checking
by using EBCDIC coding scheme.
3) Suppose that a computer uses an odd parity system in the EBCDIC coding scheme and the
‘HAIQAL’ is sent to another computer as follows:
1 0100 1000 1 0100 0001 1 0100 1001 0 0101 0001 1 0100 0001 1 0100 1100
i) Without using a table; find which letters contain errors.
ii) Correct the errors.

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