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Latihan Soal Bab 1 Viskositas Dan Mekanisme Perpindahan Momentum 1. Calculation of Viscosities of Gas Mixtures at Low Density

This document provides calculations to estimate viscosities of gas and liquid mixtures and components using equations and graphs from Bird's book. It first calculates viscosities of hydrogen-freon mixtures at various compositions using an equation. It then estimates the viscosity of nitrogen at high pressure and temperature using graphs from Bird. Finally, it estimates the viscosities of liquid water at 0°C and 100°C using equations from Bird and compares to literature values. The key steps and equations used are shown.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
312 views27 pages

Latihan Soal Bab 1 Viskositas Dan Mekanisme Perpindahan Momentum 1. Calculation of Viscosities of Gas Mixtures at Low Density

This document provides calculations to estimate viscosities of gas and liquid mixtures and components using equations and graphs from Bird's book. It first calculates viscosities of hydrogen-freon mixtures at various compositions using an equation. It then estimates the viscosity of nitrogen at high pressure and temperature using graphs from Bird. Finally, it estimates the viscosities of liquid water at 0°C and 100°C using equations from Bird and compares to literature values. The key steps and equations used are shown.

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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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LATIHAN SOAL BAB 1

VISKOSITAS DAN MEKANISME PERPINDAHAN MOMENTUM

1. Calculation of viscosities of gas mixtures at low density.


The following data are available on the viscosity of mixtures of hydrogen and
Freon12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) at 25oC and 1 atm:
Compute   10 6 and
Xi Xj (1-Xi)
g Cm s 
compare the (Fraksi Mol H2) (Fraksi Mol Freon-12) values
given by eq. 0,00 1,00 124,0 1.4-19 and
0,25 0,75 128,1
20 (Bird) at 0,50 0,50 131,9 the three
0,75 0,25 135,1
1,00 0,00 88,4
intermediate composition, using the observed viscosities for the pure components.
Diket: Mr Freon-12  CF2 Cl 2   121 g Mol
Dit :  Mix   ?

Jawab :

Mi i  ij
i J Mj J
1 1 1.000 1,000 1,000
H2 2 0,0165 0,713 3,947
CF2Cl2 2 1 60,5 1,403 0,091
2 1 1 1
2

1  Mi 
1
2   
1
2
MJ 
1
4 
 iJ  1   1   i    
8 M J     J   Mi  
 

at xi = 0 , xJ = 1

2
xi  i 0  88,4  10 6  1  124  106  1.124.10 6 
 Mix     
2
0  1  1  3,947 0.1  1.3,947 0.0,091  1.1
i i
x 
i i
i iJ

g
= 124.10 -6 Cm s

= 124 . 10-4 Cp
at xi = 0,25 , xJ = 0,75
 Mix 

0,25 88,4.10 6


0,75. 124.10 6  
0,25.1  0,75.3,947 0,25.0,091  0,75.1
 127,9.10 6 g
Cm s
 128.10  4 Cp

at x1 = 0,50 , xj = 0,50

0,588,4.10 6  0,5.124.10 6 
 Mix  
0,5.1  0,5.3,947 0,5.0,091  0,5.1
 1,3147.10  4 g
Cm s
 1,3147.10  2 Cp

at x1 = 0,75 , xJ = 0,25

 mix 

0,75. 88,410 6


0,25 124.10 6  
0,75.1  0,25.3,947 0,75.0,091  0,25.1
 1,356.10  4 g
Cms
2
 1,356.10 Cp

at xi = 1 , xJ = 0

1.88,4.10 6  0.124.10 6 
 mix  
1.1  0,3,947 1.0,091  0.1
 88,4.10  6 g
Cm s
 88,4.10  4 Cp

2. Estimation of dense gas viscosity


Estimate the viscosity of N2 at 68+o+F and 1000 psig by means of (a) Fig.1.3-1
(Bird), using μc from table B-1 (Bird); (b) Fig.1.3-2, using μ+o+ from table 1.1-2
(Bird). Give your results in lbm/ft sec.
N 2  M  28 g / mol

T  68 0 F
5
  68  32  273 0 K  293 0 K
9
P  1000 psiq  1014,7 psia  69,05 atm

a) Pc = 33,5 atm
Tc = 126,2 K
P 69,05 atm
Pr    2,06
Pc 3,5 atm
T 293 K
Tr    2,34
Tc 126,2 K

dilihat dari grafik 1.3-1


 r  1,1 (aproksimas i )

r   1,1
c
 r  1,1  c  1,1  180  10  4 g / cm s  198 .10  6 p
 
 198 .10 6 . 6,7197 . 10  2 lbm ft 1 sec 1
 1,33 . 10  5 lbm ft 1 sec 1

b) Dilihat dari grafik


  1,3
  1,75 .10  4 g / cm s
 lbm / ft sec
r   1,3  1,75  10  4 g / cm s  6,7197 .10  2
0 g / cm sec
 1,528 .10 5 lbm / ft sec

3. Estimation of liquid viscosity


Estimate the viscosity of saturated liquid water at 0 and 100oC by means of (a)
eq.1.5-10 (Bird) with ∆Ûvap = 897.5 Btu/lbm at 100oC ; eq 1.5-12 (Bird). Compare
the results with the values in table 1.1-1
Dik :
~
N  6,023 .10 23 / g mol
BM 18 g / mol
v    18cm 3 / g mol
 1 g / cm 3

Tb = 273,2 + 100 = 373,2 K


T1 = 273,2 K
T2 = 373,2 K
h = 6,624 . 10-27 g cm3/sec
Jawab :
Tb
~ 3, 8
 N h  T1
a. *  1   

 v 
373, 2
3, 8
 6,023.10 23 / g mol .6,624.10  27 g cm 2 / sec  373, 2
 

 18 cm 3 / g mol 
 0,0398 g / cm s
 3,98 Cp

Tb
~ 3, 8
 N h  T1
* 
 2  

 v 
373, 2
3, 8
 6,023.10 23 / g mol .6,624 .10  27 g cm 2 / sec  273, 2
 

 18 cm 3 / g mol 
3
 9,903.10 g / cm s
 0,9903 Cp

~ Vuap
 N h

b. Rumus :  1    exp 0,408

 v  RT
~ Vuap
 N h

*  1   exp 0,408

 v  RT

 6,023 .10 23 . 6,624 .10 27  897,5


   exp 0,408 .
 18  1,544 .10 3 .672
4
 3,2219 .10 g / cm s
 0,322 Cp

6,02.10 23 . 6,624 .10 27 897,5


* 2 exp 0,408 .
18 1,544 .10 3 .672

 2,9143.10 4 g / cm s
 0,0291 Cp

LATIHAN SOAL BAB 2


KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL DAN MEKANISME PERPINDAHAN ENERGI

4. Estimate the prandtl numbel, Pr = Cp , at 1 atm and 3000 K for each of the
k
gases listed below by the Euchen method, using only the heat – capacity data !
b. Compute the Prandtl number for each gases directly from the tabulated values
of
Cp,  , k and compare with the result of (a). All properties given at low
presseru

Gas Cp  x 107 K x 107


 cal gmole 1 0
  g Cm Sec   cal
K 1  Cm Sec 0 K 
He 4,968 1987 3540
Ar 4,968 2270 421
H2 6,895 896 4250
Air 6,973 1851 602
CO2 8,894 1495 383
H2O 8,026 959 426 (Extrapolated)

Jawab :
^
Cp
a. Pr = ^ R = 1,987
Cp  1,25R
4,968 Cal g mol k
- He ; Pr = 4,968 Cal g mol k  1,25 1,987 Cal g mol k 

Pr = 0,667
4,968 Cal g mol k
- Ar ; Pr =  4,968  2,48375 Cal g mol k

Pr = 0,667
6,895 Cal g mol k
- H2 ; Pr =  6,895  2,48375 Cal g mol k

Pr = 0,735

6,973 Cal g mol k


- Air ; Pr =  6,973  2,48375 Cal g mol k

Pr = 0,737
8,894 Cal g mol k
- CO2 ; Pr =  8,894  2,48375 Cal g mol k

Pr = 0,782

8,026 Cal g mol k


- H2O ; Pr =  8,026  2,48375 Cal g mol k

Pr = 0,764

Cˆ p .  1 ˆp x 
C
b. - He ; Pr = . ( M = Berat Molekul ) =
k M k
4,968.1987.107 Cal g mol k g CmSec 1
Pr = 7

3540.10 cal Cm Sec k 4,003 g mol

Pr = 0,697

4,968  cal g mol k  2270  10 7 g Cm Sec 1


- Ar ; Pr = 
421  10 7 Cal Cm Sec k 39,944 g mol

Pr = 0,671

6,895 cal g mol k  896  10 7 g Cm Sec 1


- H2 ; Pr = 7

4250  10 Cal Cm Sec k 2,016 g mol

Pr = 0,721

6,973 cal g mol k  1851  10 7 g Cm Sec 1


- Air ; Pr = 
602  10 7 cal Cm Sec k 28,97 g mol

Pr = 0,740

8,894 cal g mol k  1495  10 7 g Cm Sec 1


- CO2 ; Pr = 7

383  10 cal Cm Sec k 44,01 g mol

Pr =0,789

8,026 cal g mol k  959  10 7 g CmSec 1


- H2O ; Pr = 
18,01 g mol

Pr = 1,003

Perbandingan
Pr (a) Pr(b)
He 0,667 0,697
Ar 0,667 0,671
H2 0,735 0,721
Air 0,737 0,740
CO2 0,782 0,789
H2O 0,764 1,003
Dari hasil perhitungan dapat disimpulkan bahwa harga Pr pada jawaban (a) yang

ˆp
C
menggunakan pers. Pr = ˆ relatih sama dengan Pr pada jawaban (b)
Cp  1,25 R

namun pada data H2O terlihat sedikit range yang berbeda (agak jauh) hal ini bias
disebabkan karena data k pada jawaban b nilai Pr juga diperhitungkan dengan berat
molekul.

5. Dik : At . t = 400 C (H2O)


P = 40 Mbar = 40 x 106 dyne/cm2 = 40 x 106 g/cm s2.
  
 1 =   = 38 x 10-6/Mbar = 38 x 10-12 dyne/cm2.
 P  T
 = 0,9983 g/cm3
M H 2O = 18 g/mol

assume Cp = Cv

Dit : k = ……… ?
1
   1
Jawab :    =


  1 P 
 = 0,9983 . 38.10 12 = 2,6479 x 1010 cm
sec 2
 P  T    T

Cp  P 
Vs =    1  2,643.1010  162 . 726,6581cm sec
Cv    T
2

 N 3
k = 2,8   k . Vs
V 
2

 6,02.10 23 3
= 2,8 
 18,112 
 .1,3805.10
16
. 162 . 726,6581
 
g cm
= 65.045.051 sec 3 k

Btu
= 0,3758 hr ft 0 F

6. Dik :
i x1 Cp 2 ( cal g mol k )   g cm sec  k  cal cm sec k  Mi g mol 
CO2 20 % 8,894 149 x 10-7 383 x 10-7 44
H2 80 % 6,895 896 x 10-7 4250 x 10-7 2

Dit : Kmix = ?
Jawab :
n
xi k i
Kmix =
 n
 ij 
1  
1  M i 
 12
 j
 1  
1

2

Mj

 

 12

i 1
x
j 1
j  ij 8 
 M 
j  
  i   Mi

 

Mi i  ij
i j
Mj j
1 1 1 1 1
2 22 1,6685 0,1878
2 1 0,045 0,599 2,477
2 1 1 1

0,2 . 383.10 7 0,8 . 4250.10 7


Kmix = 0,2 . 1878  0,8178  0,2 . 2,477  0,8 . 1

= 5,591.10-8 + 2,8434.10-4
Cal
= 2,8434.10-4 sec cm k

7. a. Monoatomic  Ar  M  39,944 g / mol

T = 100 0C = 373,2 0K
Chapman – Enskog
T /M
k  1,9891  10  4    Cal / cm sec 0 K
 k
2

dari tabel B-1 :


0
  3,418 A
E / K  124
KT 373,2 K
T  3
E E/K 124 K
dari table B-2 :   K  1,039
373,2
4 39,944
K  1,9891  10
 3,418 2
1,039
4
6,08 . 10
  0,5 . 10  4
12,14
K  5 . 10 5 Cal / cm sec 0 K

a. T = 300 0K

 .10 7 ( g / cm sec Cp (Cal / g mol K )
NO 1929 7,15
CH4 1116 8,55

  5  
K   Cp  R 
 4 M
1116 . 10 7
  8,55  2,484
16,04
 7,7 . 10 5 Cal / cm sec 0 K

8. Prediction of thermal conductivities of bases at Low Density


a. Compute the thermal conductivity of Argon at 100 oC and atmospheric
pressure using the Chapman-Enskog theory and the Lennard-Jones
constants derived from viscosity data. Compare with the observed
value of log 10-7 cal . cm-1 . sec-1. oC -1
b. Compute the thermal conductivities of NO and CH 4 at 300 0K and
atmospheric pressure from the following data for these conditions.


 .10 7 ( g / cm sec Cp (Cal / g mol K )
NO 1929 7,15
CH4 1116 8,55

Jawaban :
a. T = 100oC = 373 oK
P = 1 atm
  3,418
  124 0 K
K
KT 373
 3
 124

dari tabel B-2  k = 1,039


M = 39,944
T M
k = 1,989.10-4
 2k

373
k = 1,989.10 -4 39,944
 3,418 2  1,039

= 5,0073.10-5 Cal Cm-1 Sec-1 oK-1

b. T = 300 oK R = 1,987 cal g mol –1 K


P = 1 atm
 NO
M = 30 g mol

  1929  10 7 g Cm dt
ˆ p  7,15ca lg mol 1 k 1
C

 5  
k =  Cˆ p  R
 4 M

7
 5  1929.10
=  7,15   1,987cal g mol 1 k 1 
 4  30

= 6,195.10-5 cal-1 Sec-1 k-1

 CH4
M = 16 g mol

  1116 .10 7 g Cm dt
ˆ p  8,55 cal g mol 1 .k 1
C
 5  
k =  Cˆ p  R
 4 M

7
 5  1116  10
=  8,55   1,987 
 4  16

= 7,7.10-5 cal Cm-1 Sec-1 k-1

9. Minyak dengan density 0.6x103 kg/m3 mengalir secara perlahan kebawah


suatu dinding lurus vertical dengan kecepatan max 6 cm/s. bila viskositas
kinematik minyak tersebut 4x10-3 m2/sec. (g = 9.8066m/s2). Tentukanlah :

a) kecepatan rata-rata aliran minyak tersebut


b) viskositas dinamik minyak (dalam centipoises)
c) tebal lapisan film minyak
d) laju alir massa persatuan lebar permukaan dinding
e) bilangan Reynold dari fluida
Dik :
  0,6.10 3 Kg m 3

Vmax = 6 Cm Sec  6.10 2 m sec


V = 4 x 10-3 m 2 sec
g = 9,8066 m s 2

Dit :
a) ( V ) = ……..?
b)   ............. ?

c)   ............. ?


d)  ............ ?
W
e) Re = ………?

Jawab :
a)
  g  2   g  2
V   ;V max 
3 2
V   2  V   2 V
max
Vmax 3 3

V   2 x6.10  2 m s  4 x10  2 m s
3

  V    4.10 3 m 2 s 0,6  10 3 kg m 3
b)  2,4 kg m sec
 2,4.10 3 cp

3  V  3 2,4  4  10  2 
  
c)  .g  0,6  10 3  9,8066
 6,996  10 3 m

 Q

 0,6.10 3.6,996.10 3.4.10  2
d) W W
 0,1679 kg m. sec

4  V  
e) Re =


 
4 6,996.10 3 4.10 2 0,6.10 3  
2,4
 0,2798

LATIHAN SOAL BAB 4


DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN PADA ALIRAN LAMINAR
10. Suatu metode mendapatkan radius dari satu capillary tube, untuk mengukur
kecepatan alir fluida viscos melalui tube. Tentukan radius dari capillary
dengan data aliran sebagai berikut :
(L) Length of Capillary = 50,02 cm
(V) Kinerja Viscosity Fluida = 4,03 x 10-5 m2/dt
(ρ) Density of Fluida = 0,9552 x 103 Kg/m3
(Δρ) Pressure Tube melalui Capillary Tube = 4,829 x 105 Newton/m2
(ω) Kecepatan massa aliran melalui Tube = 2,997 x 10 –3 Kg/m2
Jawab :

8 LQ 8v L
R 4  4
 P  

    Q 
dimana : v   
   v 
8.  .v. L.

R
  
8 4,03  10 5  0 . 50,02 2,997  10 3 
 
4
 3.1416 4.829  10 3
19
 4
3,185  10
 7,51  10  4 m
 0,751 mm

Bilangan Reynods untuk system :


D  v    
2
Re   
 
Rv


2 
2,997  10 3 
  
 7,5  10  4 4,03  10 3 0,9552  10 3 
 66,0

11. Gliserin pada 26,50C mengalir melalui horizontal tube, panjang 1 ft dan
diameter dalam 0,1 inci. Pressure drop 40 psi. Kecepatan alir 0,00398
ft3/menit. Densitas gliserin pada 26,5 0C adalah 1,261 gr/cm3. Dari data
tersebut tentukanlah viscositas gliserin.
Jawab :
Dik : ID = 0,1
T = 26,5 0C
Q = 0,0398 ft3/min
ρ = 1,261 gr/cm3
L = 1 ft
Δρ = 40 psi
Hukum Hagen – Poiscuille
  R 4

8Q L
4
 Lbf   dyne / cm 2   1 ft 
  40 2   6 . 8947  10 4  0,05 in 
2   
 in   Lbf in   12 in 

 1 menit 
8  0,00398 ft 3 / mnt   1 ft 
 60 dt 
 4,92 gr / cm dt
 492 Cp

*) Check aliran adalah laminar !!!


D V z   4 Q 
Re  
  D
3  1 mnt  
 1,261 cm 
4  0,00398 ft / mnt   2,54 cm / in  12 in / ft   g
 60 dt   


0,1 in  2,54 cm   4,92 gr
in 

cm dt 
 2,41  LAMINAR

*)
Le  0,035 D Re

  0,035  0,1  2,41


 12 
 0,0007 ft

LATIHAN SOAL BAB 5


DISTRIBUSI TEMPERATUR DALAM PADATAN PADA ALIRAN
LAMINAR

12. Konduksi panas dalam sebuah annulus .


a). Panas mengalir melalui dinding dengan diameter dalam ro dan diameter luar r1.
konduktivtas termal bervariasi garis lurus terhadap temperatur dari ko pada To
ke
k1 pada T1. buatlah suatu persaman untuk aliran panas melalui dinding pada r =
ro.
b).Tunjukan, jika (r - ro ) sangat kecil, maka persamaan pada (a) dapat
disederhanakan

Jawab :
a. Neraca panas pada sebuah shell dengan ketebalan r :
2rLq r r  2rLq r r  r 0

d
 rq r   0 , dengan titik forier :
dr
d  dT  dT
  kr   0 ; kr  C1
dr  dr  dr
dengan : k  ,    T  T~  /  T1  T0 
 k0   k1  k0   dT  C1 dr r
atau :

 T1  T0  k1  1  k1  k0     C1 Ln r  C2
 2 
kondisi batas :
pd r  r0 0
r  r1  1
 0  C1 ln ro  C2
1
 T1  T0  k0  k1   C1 ln r1  C2
2
C1  1 2 T1  T0  k0  k1  / ln r1 / r0

 Kecepatan perpindahan panas pada r = r0 adalah :


dr
Q0  2 r0 L k0 r  r  2 L C1
dr 0
 1 2 k0  k1  T0  T1  
Q0   2 L   
 ln  r1 r2  
b. Jarak sangat dekat :
r1 
1
r0 r0
ln r1 r0  dengan deret taylor :
  
 ln r1 r0  ln 1  
 r0 
2
 1 
     
r0 2  r0 
 2 L1 2 k0  k1  T0  T1 
Q0 
ln r1 r0
2 L1 2 k0  k1  T0  T1 
 2
1 
 
2  r0 
 k  k  T  T 
Q0  2 L r0  0 1  0 1 
 2  2 

13. Berapakah kecepatan rata-rata (kecepatan konveksi bebas) pada aliran keatas
dalam system seperti gambar q.q-1, kondisi udara mengalir sebagai berikut :
Tekanan : 1 atm
Temperatur dingin yang dipanaskan : 100 0C
Temperatur dingin yang didinginkan : 20 0 C
Jarak antara dinding : 0,6 cm
Jawab :
  g b 2 T
V z    2   
12 
  g b 2 T 0
1
V z    3    d. 4
12  1


  g b T
48
2
, Pada saat ini :   1  1
T

333 0 K

 0,192 cm 2 / sec

 V z  
 0,003  
K 1 980 cm sec  2  0,3 cm  80 0 K
0 2
 

 48 0,192 cm 2 / sec 
 2,9 cm / sec

14. Sebuah pipa anullus horizontal panjang 27 ft, diameter luar dari silinder dalam
0,495 in, diameter dalam dari silinder luar 1,1 in. 600 larutan aqueous sukrosa
dipompa melalui annulus paca 200 C. Pada temperature ini densitas fluida 80,3
lb/ft3 . Berapakah kecepatan volume aliran ketika pressure drop 5,31 psi.
Jawab :
  80,3 lb / ft 3
  136,8 lb / ft ht
  0   L   5,39 psi
R  1,1 in
r  0,495 in
L  27 ft

 1 hr 
  136,8 lb / ft hr   2
  3,80  10 lb / ft sec
 3600 sec 
 poundals  
  0   L    5,39 lb f 

/ in 2  32,17

in 2
144 2 
 lb f  ft 
 2,44  10 poundals / ft
4 2

 
R  1,1 in 121 inft  0,0917 ft
   0   L  R4  
  
1 K 2
2

 Q   
  1  K 4 
ln  1 K 

 8 L   

  2,44  10 4 lbm / ft sec 2   0,0917 ft  4  0,163

8  3,8  10  2 lbm / ft sec   27 ft 
 0,108 ft 3 / sec

2 R 1  K  Vz   2 Q   1 
Re      
   R   1  K 
2  0,108  80,3
  1090
 
  0,0917  3,8  10  2 1,45

15. Heat loss from a rectangular fin.


Calculate the heat loss from a rectangular fin for the following conditions :
Air teme 350 0F
Wall teme 500 0F
Thermal conductivity of fin 60 Btu/hr ft F
Heat trans coefficient 120 Btu/hr ft2 F
Length of fin 0,2 ft
Width of fin 1 ft
Thickness of fin 0,16
Jawab :
Dik : T0 = 350 0F
T1 = 500 0F
K = 60 Btu/hr/ft 0F
h = 120 Btu/hr ft2 0F
L = 0,2 ft
w = 1 ft
B = 0,16 ft
Dit : Q
tanh N
Q  2 L w h Tw  Ta  
N
dan
120  0,2 
2
h L2
N  
KB 60 . 0,0067
 3,46
tanh 3,46
Q  2  0,2  1,0  120  500  300 
3,46
 2076,82 Btu / hr

16. Maximum temp in a Lubricant.


An oill acting as a lubricant for a pair of cylindrical surface such as those
shown in F19941. The angular velocity of the outer cylinder has a radius
of 5,06 cm, and the clearance between the cylinders is 0,027 cm. What is
the max temp in the all if both wall temp are known to be 158 0F. The
physical properties of the all are :
Viscosity 92,3 Cp
Density 1,229 cm-3
Thermal conductivity 0,0055 cal/sec cm C4
Jawab :
Dik :   7908 Rpm
R  5,06 cm
B  0,027 cm
T  1580 F
  92,3 Cp
  1,22 g / cm 3
k  0,0055 cal / sec cm 0 C

Dit : Tmax
Pers. Umum :
 x 1  v2  x  x 2 
T  T0    Tb  T0      
b 2 k  b  b  
karena Tb  T0  Tb  T0  0 maka ;
1  v2  x  x  
2

T  T0     
2 k  b  b  
2
   
x x
akan max bila       y max
b b
 y  0
1 2 x  b  0
x 1

b 2
1  2 r2  1 1
T  T0    
2 k 2 4
1 0,923  2 . 131,8 . 5,06
2

8 
 0,0055 4,18 . 10 7 
 8,811 C 0


T  8,811 0 C  8,81 1,80 F 
 15,86 F 0

T  T0  T
 1580 F  15,86 0 F
 173,86 0 F

17. Heat lose from insulated pipe.

A standart schedule 40 two-inch steel pipe (inside diameter 2,067 in and


wall thickness 0,154 in) carrying a steam is lagged (i.e.insulated) with 2 in
of 85 % magnesia covered in turn with 2 in of cork. Estimate the heat loss
per hour per foot of pipe if the inner surface of the pipe is at 250 0F and the
outer surface of cork is at 90 0F. The thermal conductivity of the
substances concerned are.
Steel 26,1 Btu hr-1ft-1
85 % magnesia 0,04
cork 0,03

Jawab : steam
T1 steel
Dik : R = 2,067 in T2 85% mag

x1 = 0,0154 in
cork
x2 = 2 in

x3 = 2 in

k1 = 2,61 Btu/hr ft 0F

k2 = 0,04
k3 = 0,03

t1 = 250 0F, t2 = 90 0F

Dit : Q lose (Btu/hr ft)

2 L  Ta  Tb 
Q0 
 ln r1 ln r2
r
ln 3 
 1 r0 r1 r4 1 
     3 3
 r0 h0 j 0 k 01 k 12 k 23 r h 

 
2  (250  90) F 0

 ln 1, 0335 ln 31,,1875
1,1875
ln 5,1875  1
  875
 3,1875 
 26,1 0,04 0,04  Btu / hr 0 F

1005,3009
 Btu / hr 0 F
 3
5,32 . 10  24,6846  16,2338 
1005,3009

40,92372
 24,56 Btu hr 1 ft 1

18. Suatu Dinding terdiri dari tiga lapis tembok. Lapisan tembok paling luar

mempunyai tebal 4.5inchi (k=0.8 BTU/hr ft oF). Lapisan paling dalam

merupakan lapisan gypsum dengan tebal ¾ inchi (k=0.24 BTU/hr ft oF).

sedangkan lapisan tembok di tengah merupakan lapisan bata dengan tebal

6 inchi (k=0.45 BTU/hr ft oF). koefisien transfer panas di dalam dinding

dan di luar dinding berturut-turut 1.5 BTU/hr ft2 oF dan 5.8 BTU/hr ft2 oF.

jika udara di luar dinding 95oF dan di dalam dinding 70oF. tentukanlah :

a) Perpindahan kalor persatuan luas dinding.

b) Temperature pada permukaan dinding tembok

bagian paling dalam.

T1 T2 T3 T4

Td = 700F

X 1 X 2 X 3
TL = 95

Q Ta  Tb

a). A  1 x1 x 2 x3 1 
h  k  k  k  h 
 d 1 2 3 L 

95  70

 1   0,0625   0,5   0,375   1 
     
 1,5   24   0,45   0,8   5,8 
Q
 9,33 Btu / ft 2 hr
A

Q
b). T1  Td 
h0 A

Q  9,33 
T1  0
 Td    70 
h A  15 
 76,22 F
0

19. Suatu fluida mengalir diantara 2 plat dengan jarak 2B, dengan

menggunakan persamaan kontinuitas gerak turunkan suatu persamaan

yang menggambarkan distribusi kecepatan (vz) sebagai fungsi X, L dan B.

Asumsi : proses steady state dan arah aliran hanya ke arah Z

Dit :

Kec. (vz) = f (X, L, B)

Jawab :

- asumsi aliran hanya arah z, vx = vy = 0

dv z d 2v
- Steady state :  0 ; 2z  0
dz dz

Pers. Gerak dari table 3-4.2 pers. (f) :

 dv dv dv y dv   d  d 2v d 2v d 2v 
  z  v x z  v y  v z z      2z  2z  2z 
 dz dx dy dz  dz  dx dy dz 
 dv  dp  d 2v 
 v z  z       2z    . g . z
 dz  dz  dx 
dp dp
 .g.z
dz dz
dp dp
  .g.z
dz dz

dp  d 2vz 
0    
dz  dx 2 
dp  d 2v 
   2z 
dz  dx 
dp  dv 
  dx   d  x 
dz  dx 
1 dp dv
x z
 dz dx
1 dp
 dz 
x dx   dv z

1 dp 2 dp  p L  p0 
vz  x C   
2 dz dz  L 
1 dp
sehingga C =  2  dz B
2
Saat x = B; vz = 0

1  p0  p L  2 1  p0  p L  2
Maka : vz   x  B
2 L 2 L

 p0  p L   x 
2

vz  B2  1    
2 L   B  

LATIHAN SOAL BAB 6


DISTRIBUSI KONSENTRASI DALAM PADATAN PADA ALIRAN
LAMINAR
20. What is the max possible error in computing the absorption rate from Eq.17.5-
17 (Bird) if the solubility of A in B is known within 5 percent and the
diffusivity of A in B is known within 10 percent? (Assume that the errors in
the film dimensions and velocity are known to be of a lower order of
magnitude)
Diket : Eq. 17.5.17
C AO D AB
  5% .  10%
C AO D AB

Dit : Kesalahan max dalam perhitungan laju absorpsi ?


Jawab :

 
W A  K . C AO . D AB  dW A  

 
W A 

 
W A 

W A C A O 1 D A B
  .
W A C AO 2 D AB
 W A 

 
   5 %  1
2
.  10 %
 W A  MA X

  10 %

21. Consider the system described in fig 17.2-1 (Bird). What is the rate of
evaporation (in g/hr) of CCL3NO2 (Cloropierin) into air (considered here as a
pure substance) at 25oC?
Diket : Cloro pierin = A ,B = air (udara)
Ptotal = 770 mmHg
Diffusivity = DAB = 0,088 cm2/sec
Pvap = 23,81 mmHg
Distance (Z2 – Z1) = 11,14 cm
Ρ = 1,65 g/cm3
Surface area (Sz) = 2,29 cm2
Dit : W = ?
Jawab :
W = NAZ . MA . SZ
W = laju evaporasi
NAZ = laju evaporsi
SZ = luas permukaan
MA = berat molekul
PB2 = tekanan tot. system
PB1 = tekanan tot. dikurangi tek. Uap
P = konsentrasi

P D AB / RT P
N AZ  . n . B 2
Z 2  Z1 PB1
770 mmHg
. 0,088 cm 2 / sec
760 mmHg  770 
N AZ  . n  
cm3 atm
82,05 g mol K . 11,14 cm . 2980 K  770  23,81 
 1,0388  10 8 g mol / cm 2 s
g mol 1659 36005 36005
Maka : W  1,038  10 8 . . . . 2,29 cm 2
cm 2 s g mol g mol n
 1,366  10  2 g / h

LATIHAN SOAL BAB 8


DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN PADA ALIRAN TURBULEN

Diket : ρ = 62,3 lbm / ft3 ∆ P = 20 psi


μ = 6,93 . 10-4 lbm / ft s ID = 2 in
L = 2,5 km = 8202 ft
a. Apakah turbulen ?
untuk aliran transisi :
D 4 2
 . Re
L PR 3



4 6,93.10  4  2

.2100
3

 62,3  2 
 12 
lbt
 0,0139 3
ft
P lbf
dari soal  2,438.10  4
L ft 3

∆P / L dicari > ∆P / L dari soal → maka aliran turbulen


b.
2
P R 20.144 12
To   .  0,0292 lbf / ft 2
L 2 8202 2
To 0,0292 . 32,2
Vx    0V,123 ft / s Vt
/ V max St S (ft) S (in)
 62,3
0 0 0 0 0
 s v*  s . 0,123. 62,3 0,1 2,468 2,468 2,232.10-4 0,0026
s    11057,57 s
 6,93.10 4 0,2 4,936 4,936 4,464.10-4 5,35.10-3
2 0,4 9,872 12 1,085.10-3 0,013
s  max untuk s  R  ft
12 0,7 17,276 127,91 0,011 0,138
2 0,8 19,744 311,015 0,02811 1,028
s  |s  R  11057,57 .  1842,93
12 1 24,68 1842,93 2/12 2
1
v  |s  R  ln 1842,93  3,8  24,68
0,36 Simpson Rule :
v v v

  v   24,68
v max v max v max

XN  X0 20
h   1
n 4 2
v 2 v
 2 2 1 f (0)  4 f (1)  4 f ( 2)  1 f (3) 
v max R 3
v 2 1
 .  0  4(0,64.1,5)  4(0,8.1)  1(0) 
v max 4 6
v
 0,3436
v max
v  v max  0,3436   v max  v m  v  24,68.0,123  3,0356

v  3,0356 0,3436   1,0523 ft / s


2
 2 
Q  R 2 v     .1,0523  0,09 | ft / s
3

 12 

v v max

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0 1 2 S ( in )
LATIHAN SOAL BAB 11
PERPINDAHAN MOMENTUM ANTAR FASA

Air (ρ = 62,3 lbm/ft 2 ; µ = 6,93.10-4 lbm/ft.sec) mengalir dalam suatu pipa dengan
gradient tekanan (ΔP/L) = 3.10-3 psi/ft dan flow rate 2,5.105 lbm/hr. Jika faktor
kekasaran pipa tersebut, k/D = 4.10-4. Berapa diameter pipa tersebut dalam inch ?
Penyelesaian :
Diketahui : ρ = 62,3 lbm/ft2
µ = 6,93.10 -4 lbm/ft.sec
(ΔP/L) = 3.10-3 psi/ft
w = 2,5.105 lbm/hr = 69,44 lbm/sec
k/D = 4.10-4
Ditanya : diameter dalam inch ?
Jawab :

1  D  P 

f    Persamaan 1
4 L  1  v 2 
 2 
 .D. v
Re 
 4.w
Persamaan 2
Maka v  2 subtitusikan ke persamaan 1,
 D 2 D
w . Re .   . v 
4 4 diperoleh :
Persamaan 3

 
 
1  P    P  D   
5 2
D 
f    2   
 2


4 L     L  32.w 
 1 2   4.w  
  D 2  
   

Buat hubungan f dengan Re untuk menghilangkan variabel D.


Dengan subtitusi pers. 3 maka diperoleh :
5
 P  D    4 w 
5 5
f . Re 5   
 
2 

 L  32 w  D 
 P  32 w 
3
f . Re 5    3 5 
 L    


  3
lbm 
ft. sec  ft

 32 x 62,3 lbm 3 . 69,44 lbm
sec
 3 

f . Re 5   3.10 psi 

  3 . 6,93.10  4 lbm 
3
 ft.4,633.10 psi 
5

   ft. sec  
 
f . Re 5  1,872.10 24
Dari nilai f.Re5 hasil perhitungan diatas, dengan mengiterpolasi pada garfik solusi
diperoleh nilai Re pada saat f.Re5 = 1,872.1024adalah 2,1 x 105. Maka dari itu
persamaan 3 nilai D dapat dihitung :

4w
D
 Re 
4 x 69,44 lbm
D sec  0,607 ft  7,28 inch
 .69,3 x 10 4 lbm .2,1 x 10 5
ft . sec
PLOT grafik Re vs f(Re)5

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