LAB 5

LIGHT EMITTING
DIODE

MUHAMMAD HILMI BIN

OTHMAN
51210210360
20 OCTOBER 2010
ABSTRACT

This experiment is set to study the principles and the properties of the diode. This
experiment helps us to know how to differentiate between forward-biased circuits with the
forward-biased circuit. We also use to determine the I-V characteristics of the diode. By
plotting the graph, we know what relationship V-I of the diode in the circuit. This
experiment also is aim to test diode application. By using normal circuit of diode and the
rectification of diode circuit, we be able to test the application based on our data result.

INTRODUCTION

A diode is made up by combining the p-type material and n-type material on the same
crystal base. The pn junction is formed results of the combination. When it is formed, a
barrier potential is created to prevent further current flow without external voltage source.
If dc voltage source is connected to the diode, the polarity of the connection has the effect
of either increasing or decreasing the barrier potential. This effect is ensuring the diode to
allow current to flow in one direction only. The diode is forward biased when the anode is
more positive than the diode is reversed biased when the cathode is more positive than
anode.

The full wave rectifier circuit is makes use of the entire waveform, both positive and
negative half-cycles, of the AC source voltage in powering the DC load. As a result, there is
less "ripple" voltage seen at the load. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) value of the rectifier’s
output is also greater for this circuit than for the half-wave rectifier.
Procedure

Task 1 (biasing diode)

i. The forward and reverse resistance of the diode is measured by reversing the
multimeter leads across the diode. The diode passes the test if the resistance is
significantly different between the two measurements. The data then is recorded.
ii. The circuit as the figure 1 is constructed on the breadboard by using R1 value of
330Ω.
iii. V1 = 0V value is set, and then LED condition is observed, type of circuit is determined
and the LED is removed back from the circuit.
iv. The supply voltage is increased and the data result is recorded in the table.
v. The current then is calculated by applying Ohm’s Law to R1 and the data result is
recorded.
vi. The graph of V against I is plotted.
vii. The circuit then is named.
viii. The same procedure for the circuit in figure 2 is repeated like figure 1.

Task 2 (diode application)

i. The circuit in figure 3 is constructed on the breadboard.

ii. The value of V1 is set to 8 Vp and the oscilloscope is connected to the output, (Vrl) of
the circuit.
iii. The output waveform of the circuit is sketched.
iv. The output voltage, Vrl is measured in dc voltage and the data result is recorded in
the table.
v. The procedure for the circuit is repeated for figure 4.

D1
DIODE

Figure 1
+ V1 D1
330

R1 DIODE

+ V1
R1
330
Figure 2

D1
DIODE

+
V1
R1
- 10k

Figure 3

D1
BRIDGE

+
Vs1
-

Rl
10k

Figure 4
RESULT & DISCUSSION
Task 1

Component Measured value

D1 139.5 kΩ
Forward Resistance
D1 Unable to detect
Reverse Resistance

In forward resistance, the LED is lightening up due to polarity of the diode is same with voltage
supply. Hence, it is forward-biased circuit.

In reverse resistance, the LED is not lightening up due to different polarity of the diode with voltage
supply. Hence, it is reverse-biased circuit.

Vsupply Vd figure 1 Vd figure 2 Vrl figure 1 Vrl figure 2 I figure 1 I figure 2

(V1) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V) (A)
0.3 0.216 0.22 0.0001 0 0.3μ 0/10k = 0A
0.5 0.405 0.44 0.015 0 45.4 μ 0/10k = 0A
0.6 0.463 0.53 0.075 0 227 μ 0/10k = 0A
0.7 0.487 0.68 0.132 0 400 μ 0/10k = 0A
0.8 0.51 0.73 0.224 0 678.8 μ 0/10k = 0A
0.9 0.527 0.89 0.32 0 969.7 μ 0/10k = 0A
.3 0.535 1.0 0.371 0 1.12m 0/10k = 0A
1.5 0.577 1.45 0.832 0 2.52m 0/10k = 0A
2.0 0.603 1.98 1.306 0 3.96m 0/10k = 0A
2.5 0.623 2.52 1.832 0 5.55m 0/10k = 0A
3.0 0.635 2.94 2.26 0 6.85m 0/10k = 0A

From this results data, the current and the voltage drop across the resistance does not flowing in the
circuit if it is reversed biased circuit. Meanwhile, in forward biased circuit, the current across the
resistance increase as the voltage supply through the circuit increases.
Figure shows the stimulation of diode circuit using MultiSim. In forward bias, the stimulation shows
the value of resistance of the diode is 92.45 kOhm and reverse bias is unable to read.

From the graph also, we can see that as voltage supply is increases, the current flows across the
resistance also is increases. So, the circuit is obeys the Ohm’s law.

TASK 2

Circuit VRL
Figure 3 2.3 V
Figure 4 4.2 V
This figure shows the stimulation of half rectifier circuit using MultiSim.
The value of voltage peak from this stimulation is 7.4 V.
figure shows the stimulation of full rectifier diode circuit using MultiSim.
The value of voltage peak from this stimulation is 7.4 V.
CONCLUSION

In this experiment, the experimental approach is differing slightly with the stimulation using
MultiSim. This is due to some errors in this lab. In this lab, we knew that in forward bias
diode circuit, there are current flowing through the circuit, meanwhile in reverse bias diode
circuit, there is no current flows across the circuit. We also knew how to stimulate diode
circuit using MultiSim.

REFFERENCE.

1. Note lecture from electronic device.

2. Task sheet from Coursework.
The picture shows the output waveforms for the circuit in figure 3.
Voltage peak that we got is
2.6 x 2 x 1 = 7.2 V.
This is differing with value simulated by MultiSim which is 7.4 V.
The error value is (7.2-7.4)/7.4 x 100 =2.7 %
This is due to inaccurate value of voltage supply that we set up.
The picture below shows the output waveforms for the circuit in figure 4.

The voltage peak value that we got is 3.4 x 2 x 1 = 6.8

This is differing with the simulation value from the MultiSim which is 7.4 V.

Thus, the percentage error is

(7.4 – 6.8)/ 7.4 x 100 =8.1%

The error may come from the inaccurate adjustment of voltage supply.