l t i p l e

n M u s
i vi si o c c e s
de D A )
C o D M A
(C :
e d By nt
Prese n
u sh ar Jai
T
126

es t er XI
Trim
u m bai)
(M
Te ch IT
MBA
  Each u
uniqu ser is assi
e cod gned
allow e seq a
s use uence

A
and s r to m that
pread odula
CD M signa
frequ
l acro
s
the in
s
form
a
te
t ion
ency th e a ssign
 The un and. b ed
also a ique code
llows seque
demo the re nces
dulat c eiver
mess e the
age. transm to
 Also ca itted
Spect lled Spre
ru m M ad
ultipl
e Acc
ess.
 s
 Direct
Type CD M
A
Se q u
ence
(DS)
 Freque
A
CDM

CDM ncy Hopi

A ng (F
H)
 Comparison
Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA
Frequency Hoping (FH) CDMA

1. FHSS system is a FM or FSK 1. DSSS is an AM or PSK technique.

technique.
2. In frequency hopping the total 2. Modulation of a carrier is done by a
available bandwidth is partitioned digital code sequence whose bit rate
into smaller frequency bands and is much higher than the information
the total transmission time is signal bandwidth.
subdivided into smaller time slots.
3. The bit error probability is
3. They do not require error
determined by the no. of users, the
spread bandwidth and the bit rate. correction.
4. It can accommodate many users 4. DS CDMA is more suitable for
with a low bit rate. It is favored commercial applications.
over DS CDMA in many military
applications.
5. Simple, slow.
5. Complex, fast and low-phase
noise-frequency synthesizers.
6. Not useful for range and range
rate measurement. 6. Useful for range and range rate
measurement.
7. Faster synchronization in DS
CDMA. 7. Slow synchronization.
8. No severe near-far interference
problems, thus no precise transmit 8. Interference problems.
power control is required.
9. PN generator clock rate is
considerably slower than DS.
9. PN generator clock rate is fast.
  Operat
vario e reliably
u o
interf s radio-fre n presenc
erenc quen e of
 Small a e. cy

s
ntage
band verage p
slow. ower
 Density in an
y nar
row
conv i s f
entio ar less tha
Ad v a
frequ nal si n tha
ency gnals. t of m
band b It or
syste and with s can share e
 In DS- m. evera
l narr
a
uplin CDMA sa ow
k ear tellite
addre t h
ssed station ha system , e
activ P s a
e stat N sequen its own ch
on sa ions t ce a n
me a l ransm d all
overl lo i t
ap in cated ban their carr
t i me . dwid ie
th a n r
d
  CDMA
or int is suitab
erfere le for
 No freq nce rejectio security rea
FDM uency pl n. son

s
A a nd annin

ntage
plann T g
ing fo DMA, th is needed
 Soft ha r a service e frequenc : In
share nd over: A regio y
same n is cri
l l tical.
carrie users in
Ad v a
return
i r t
base ng is invo frequenc he system
statio lved y, so
 Satellit . n fo r ch
ange
no
consi e spaci of
derab n g ca
unacc ly wi n be
eptab thout reduc
signa l e de causi ed
l qua grada ng
 Small a ity. l t ion in
receiv
adjac nte n n a ed
ent sa s can
tellite be em
s. ploye
d from
  Cannot
poten compete
t i al c
apaci with

ge s
and T ty of
DMA
vanta  Requir syste
ms.
FDM
A
synch es time
roniz
 No adv ation.
due t antages o
Disad

o h ar ve
with d ware r the cos
CDM assoc t
corre A cod iated
lators e gen
filter a n d e
matc rator,
s etc. hed
  U s ed i n
syste space
m, te syste
st sys ms, a

ns
equip tems vioni
ment and cs
milita , sign
icatio ry) an al pro
 For spa d position tection (non
comm ce system locati -
unica , it is on.
acces t u
Ap p l

sing a ions, rang sed for

 In avio nd jammin ing, multip
comm nics, it is g pro le
us ed tectio
unica for n.
discre tion,
t e ad d posit
detec r es s ion lo
tabili ing, l cation
radar t y, jam o w ,
and c m
ollisi ing prote
on a v
oidan ction,
ce.
Than
k You