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Servlet Overview

This document provides an overview of Java servlets, including what they are, their advantages over CGI, basic requirements and setup, directory structure, lifecycle, the role of web.xml, important packages, a simple "Hello World" example, and how to run a servlet. Servlets are Java programs that build web pages and run on a web server, solving performance issues. They are more efficient, convenient and powerful than CGI. The document outlines the tools, environment variables, and directory structure needed, and covers the init, service, and destroy lifecycle methods.

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Gopal Reddy Karri
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84 views

Servlet Overview

This document provides an overview of Java servlets, including what they are, their advantages over CGI, basic requirements and setup, directory structure, lifecycle, the role of web.xml, important packages, a simple "Hello World" example, and how to run a servlet. Servlets are Java programs that build web pages and run on a web server, solving performance issues. They are more efficient, convenient and powerful than CGI. The document outlines the tools, environment variables, and directory structure needed, and covers the init, service, and destroy lifecycle methods.

Uploaded by

Gopal Reddy Karri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of Servlet

1. What are Servlets?
2. When it will be useful?
3. Advantage of Servlets over CGI.
4. Tools Requirement.
5. Setting up Environment for that.
6. Directory Structure of Servlets.
7. Servlets Life Cycle.
8. What is web.xml?
9. Important Packages of Servlet.
10. Simple “Hello World” program using Servlet.
11. How to Run Servlet
Servlet at a Glance

● What are Java Servlets?

Servlets are Java technology's answer to CGI programming. They are 
programs that run on a Web server and build Web pages. It solves the 
performance problem by executing all requests as threads in one process, or 
in a load­balanced system.

● When it will be useful?
a) The Web page is based on data submitted by the user.
b) The data changes frequently.
● Advantages of Servlets over CGI
1. Efficient
2. Convenient 
3. Powerful
4. Inexpensive
● Tools Requirement
1. J2SDK1.5 ( or higher)
2. Apache Tomcat Server 5.0
3. Servlet.jar
● Setting up Environment Variable
1. java's home directory's location defined in JAVA_HOME variable.
2. configure apache tomcat by CATALINA_HOME variable assign 
tomcat's home directory
3. define Servlet.jar file's path in PATH variable, must be take care that 
existing path must not must be lost.

● Directory Structure for Servlet
1. Application Directory
1.1 WEB­INF
1.1.1 Web.xml

1.1.2 classes
1.1.2.1 *.class

1.1.3 lib
1.1.3.1 *.jar

1.1.4 tlds
1.1.4.1 *.tld
1.2 META­INF
1.2.1 MANIFIST.MF
1.3 *.jsp files
1.4 *.html files

● Servlet Life Cycle

1. public void init(ServletConfig config) throws 
ServletException
This method is called once when the servlet is loaded into the servlet 
engine, before the servlet is asked to process its first request. 
  2.public void service(ServletRequest request, 
ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, 
IOException
This method is called to process a request. It can be called zero, one or
 many times until the servlet is unloaded. Multiple threads (one per
 request) can execute this method in parallel so it must be thread safe. 

3. public void destroy()
 This method is called once just before the servlet is unloaded and taken 
out of service.

● Role of Web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO­8859­1"?>
<web­app>
    <servlet>
        <servlet­name>TestingServlet</servlet­name>
        <servlet­class>TestingServlet</servlet­class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet­mapping>
        <servlet­name>TestingServlet</servlet­name>
        <url­pattern>/servlet/TestingServlet</url­pattern>
    </servlet­mapping>
</web­app>

● Important Packages
The javax.servlet  package contains interfaces and classes intended to 
be protocol independent and the javax.servlet.http package contains 
HTTP specific interfaces and classes. 

● Simple “Hello World” example using Servlet
   package bank;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class TestingServlet extends HttpServlet {
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
                    HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    out.println("Hello World");
  }
}

● HTML code for calling Servlet
<a href="servlet/TestingServlet"><img 
SRC="images/execute.gif" HSPACE=4 BORDER=0 
align=TOP></a><a href="servlet/TestingServlet">Execute</a>
● Combinng HTML and .java code into one file.
response.setContentType("text/html");
    out.println("<HTML>\n" +
                "<HEAD><TITLE>Hello WWW</TITLE></HEAD>\n" 
       + "<BODY>\n" 
       + "<H1>Hello WWW</H1>\n" 
       + "</BODY></HTML>");
● Sending Output to Client
Instead of writing the response to stdout as you do with CGI, you get an 
OutputStream or a PrintWriter from the HttpServletResponse. The 
OuputStream is intended for binary data, such as a GIF or JPEG image, 
and the PrintWriter for text output. 
● How to Run?
http://localhost:8080/myApp/
if we combine HTML and .java code then we have to write as 
follow
   http://localhost:8080/myApp/servlet/TestingServlet

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