Formulas:

sin a == AlC; cosa = BIC

2 2 2

C = A +B -2ABcos8

FAO = - FOA x=(2afl(-b±.Jb2-4ac )

2 I 2 ax = dv.tdt = d X dt

Vorbital=~G:

F=-k.x

p=mv

2 2

V =vo +2a(x-xo)

F=ma

1 2

K = -mv

2

~ = Gm.,nl-zlr2

Vcsc = ~2~M

V =.!..kx2

el 2

F = dp dr

do: d28

a----

- dt - dr2

a =aR

ta = mo + at

1 2 I( rod about center) = - MR

12

1 2 K= - Ito 2

m=..[iii

v = dxl dt, a = dvldt

x =.to + voi + a:.r2/2 y= Yo +voJ +a}/12

w=mg

R = (v~ sin 2a 19

E=K+V

w = F,~s= Fscos8

T=la

L=lw

1 2 1 2

P, + pgYI + - PVI = P2 + pgY2 +- PV2

2 2

1 2 8 = mot +- at 2

v=ooR

T = r~ = Frsin8 2 I(.pbere) = - MK

5

T= La

x ::: A cos(Ci.l + ¢)

ta = .J mgdl I P= Po+ pgh

P=F/A

Sl: = a4f).T f). V = flVof).T H=Ae~

~=3a H=kA(f).TIL)

pV= n RT

Still more formulas:

Vrms = .J3kT/m 3 (K.E·)a\' = 2. kT

Cp= c; +R

f).S = flQlT

T.v,Y-l = T VY-1

I 1 2 2

r == C/Cv

C,. = 1 R; ideal monatomic gas 2

ec.m.o = 1- ToITH coefficient of performance = ~I

e = work done/heat in

Q W flV=Q-W
isobaric nCptli'JI pf \l j nCvflT
y~,-,! ;:;::
r. ::...' ~ _
nR(TJ~~U
'V ' - '\1.:'
nRTln~ nRTln..:l
isothermal ~ \{ 0
isochoric nCvflT 0 nCvf).T
adiabatic 0 -nCvflT nCvf).T Approximate Values of Some Constants

g = 9.80 mls2 CWalcr = 4190 llkg·K

1t == 3.14

In2 = 0.693

Cicc == 2000 Jzkg-K

Ccoppcr == 390 Jzkg-K Cstcam =2010 l/kg·K

R = 8.31 l/mol·K k = 1.38xlO-23 11K

NA = 6.02 X 1023 molecules/mole

Mcanh = 5.97xl024 kg Pwater = 103 kg/rrr'

Lvaporia'ion water = 2256x 103 l/kg

G = 6.67x1O-11 N·m2/kg2 Rcalth = 6.38x106 m Patmosphcre = 1.0 I X 105 Pa LtusiOll water = 334 X 1031/kg

FINAL EXAM December 18,2001

1. A car traveling with an initial speed v comes to a stop in a time interval 1. If the deceleration during this time t is constant, which of the following statements is correct for that time interval?

(a) The distance covered is (vl)/2 (c) The acceleration is -vl2

(b) The average speed is vt

(d ) The distance covered is (vt2)/2

2. A projectile is fired at time t == 0.0 s, from point 0 at the edge of a cliff, with initial velocity components of Vox == 60 mfs and

Voy == 100 mfs. The projectile rises, then falls into the sea at point P. The time of flight of the projectile is 22.0 s. The horizontal distance D is closest to:

(a) 1320 m (b) 1540 m (c) 1760 m (d) 1980 m

VOX'" 60 mts Voy .. l00 mts

y

p

3. A system comprising blocks, a light frictionless pulley, and connecting ropes is shown. The 9 kg block is on a smooth horizontal table (j..l ::: 0). The surfaces of the

12 kg block are rough, with j..l = 0.30. The mass M is

set so that it descends at constant velocity when released. The m;JSS M is closest [0

(a) 2 -1 kg (b) 2.7 kg (c) 3.0 kg (d) 3.6 kg

4. When n 40-N force. parallel to the incline and directed up the incline, is applied to a crate on a fn\.tQl!l!k," incline that is 30° above the horizontal, the acceleration of the crate is 2.0 mfs2, down tbe r_ltnc. The: rn 'J'. 0; of ! he crate is

(a) l.a kg

Ihf 5.8 kg

(c) 6.2 kg

(d) 14 kg

5. Bl«k A and B are moving toward each other. A has a mass of 2 .0 kg and a velocity of 50 mil., w,fIile B has a mass of 4.0 kg and a velocity of -25 mls. They suffer an elastic collision and mo.,. elf along the x-axis, The kinetic energy transferred from A to B during the collision is

(a) 0 J

(b) 2500 J

(c) 5000 J

(d) 7500 J

6. A golf ball of mass m is hit by a golf club so that the ball leaves the tee with speed v. The club jl In contact with the ball for time T. The average force of the club on the ball during the time TIS

(a) rnv'T

(b) mvrr

(c) (l/2)mv1'

(b)m ~ ·.M+m I

m I

1(0). .

M +tn 'V

7. A wooden block of mass M resting on a frictionless horizontal surface is attached to a rigid rod of length 1 and of negligible mass (see fig.). The rod is pivoted at the other end. A bullet of mass m traveling parallel to the horizontal surface and normal to the rod with speed v hits the block and becomes embedded in it. What is the final angular velocity of the bullet-block system?

8. End A of the bar AB in the fig. rests on a frictionless horizontal surface, and end B is hinged. A horizontal force F of magnitude 120 N is exerted on end A. Neglect the weight of the bar. What is the vertical component of the force exerted by the bar on the hinge at B?

T

~.OO m

1

(a) 170 N (b) 180 N (c) 160 N (d) 120 N

9. A geosynchronous satellite travels around the earth once every 24 hours (thereby always staying above the same point on the earth's surface). Such satellites are at a distance of

4.23 x 107 m from the center of the earth. How fast is such a satellite moving with respect to the earth?

(a) 2.40 x 103 mis (b) 5.67 x 104 mis (c) 3.08 X 103 m/s (d) 5.55 x 102 mis

10. A I kilogram block is attached to a spring (k == 4 N/m). The block oscillates on a smooth horizontal surface in SHM with an amplitude of 0.24 m. If the block starts its motion when its x position is + 0.24 rn, how long does it take for its kinetic energy to become three times the potential energy remaining in the spring?

(a) 0.61 s

(b) 0.34 s

(c) 0.52 s

(d) 0.43 s

II. A cube of wood having a side dimension of 0.2 m and a density of 650 kg/rrr' floats on water. How much lead must be placed on top of the cube so that its top is just level with the water?

(a) :! _, "g

(h) 3.4 kg

(c) 3.1 kg

(d) 2.8 kg

I ~ A ."Id plastic sphere whose radius is l m, and whose density is half that of water, is held l'{~rl~ submerged hoclow the surface of a lake by a cable attached to the bottom of the lake. The 1C'ft~lon In the l' ;Jh6c I ..

(a) ]1.000 N

(b) 24,000 N

(c) 21,000 N

(d) 18,000 N

(a) I.S 1 mls (b) 1.62 mis (c) 1.56 mis (d) 1.77 mis

13 A Llp:'rcd vertical tube has a diameter of 4.0 em at the lOp and 2.0 em at the bottom. Both ends are open, and ~ separated by a distance of 2 meters. If the tube is initially filled with an incompressible fluid, the initial speed With which the !dUl.2IT fluid surface moves down is

(J4) Water (density = t.oxio' kg/rrr') flows through a horizontal tapered pipe. At the wide end its speed is 4.0 mis and at the narrow end it is 5.0 mis. The difference in pressure between the two ends is:

(a) 5.0 x 102 Pa, with the wide end at the higher pressure (b) 5.0 x 102Pa, with the narrow end at the higher pressure (c) 4.5 x 103Pa, with the \Vide end at the highe[ pressure (d) 4.5 x 103 Pa, with 'lhc·panow.;e.nd at the higib.er pressure

IS. Two ideal gases, each consisting of N monatomic molecules, are in thermal equilibrium with each other. A molecule of the first gas has mass m and a molecule of the second has mass 4 m. The ratio of the internal energies E4niEm is

(a) 1;4

(b) 1

(c) V2

(d) 2

16. Ten grams of ice at -20°C is to be changed to steam at BOaC. The specific heat of both ice and steam is O.S cal/gCo. The entire process requires

(a) 7S0 cal

(b) 12S0 cal

(c) 69S0 cal

(d) 7450 cal

17. The specific heal of object B is twice that of object A. Both object A and Bare 1 kg masses. Initially A is at 300 K and B is at 4S0 K. They are placed in thermal contact and the combination is isolated. The final temperature of both objects is

(a) ~(X) K

(b) 400 K

(c) 300 K

(d) 4S0 K

Tw o moles of helium, an ideal monatomic gas, are taken around

the cycle at the tight, starting at an initial pressure of 2 x 105 Pa, and ? an 10111al temperature of 600° K. First the gas doubles its volume in

an l.MI!!Omnal expansion Then the pressure of the gas is lowered

",t" ... &he volume rcmam-, constant. Finally the gas returns to its

tnilial ~pluml·. temperature and pressure in an adiabatic step.

1'1 n.r efficiency of an engine operating on this cycle is:

18 The heat ahsorN-V by the gas in a cycle is

fa) 69{X, J (b) 6000 J (c) 3600 J (d) 900 J

(a) ~_ (b) 24% (c) 16% (d) 28%

v

~() Ille entropy change of the gas in the isovolumic step in J/oK is

(b) +12

(c) zero (d) negative

-- ~ ---'~--'I- --,- ,- -'-- - "-

2. ~ I D -= lr~)C, 1 = '0 \?- \...) :: , 3 l.o J\U....

_____:_jIJ ---- __ _ _ __ __ _

~: T ~ Md = !k t: ~ =) f"\ = .s ~l.l = 3.' (.:\j

I

I"

- i: H F 6 f ~-~l~ tf~ -F T = ~ tr -~=--w..'V"'!F

r~(·l-_-t lU.;""-~ ~i(c~-c ~t 1l.L,,,J;"~, t. k)C1o.= 1 \.~ ~~L) .. E ,~~~ 2. ~K1-= t f<'A \,. . - ,.~, - )<"": 4-~~x =- ~ A -= "unwt: A ~ 2+ ~l.~:: ~ Lf=bU-~f t=fi

I\. j,-c:: 00 Q I tJ- ~[, ~ ... "".1 {~ ~: r\~.., Vw ~ ~""I ~(f\.[ ~wll( ...... ~.ro ~~M)=.lJ'

- f! 1· l\ A .vi J..

Il. ~ _ b ~ 1l.1~ • T 1 : \! .... ~ tl.,JI e- ;-.r ~'t\w.. e .w i 1t" <: ~ t. ~ ii;P:: 21', unJ

13 ~. ~ ... ,~_, ~~.:. '~a",1' ~:~ z ~r_5:' rH~ . ~ ~,,-~: ~ I~ ~~; __ .~_ u ~: :r .. -

~ t "v. :t ~,~ ~ .22. ~ "'v ~ t\" 'I>' P\ it,.A ~ U~

\" , I \t"':\. l t

( , "~-. ~ _ 2. ~ ~ ~ ~.={f
!I ~, '. - , ~
1 if' 1 c~_ . -:::. .((-1.l
. 1...::. A~ ~=L Ht V; ~ ~ C{~ \. b 4'-'
f I
..~ -- "At .:
. ~.
~ " . \
! ~~ - ,;
~~~ 'l. ~p±_i f ll"; P - r e, t-~~k ~ '-'; \.~ ..:.~" ~~ H) ~ ~. ~:/.I D fA
••
It ~. f ,of '.:::'
$" " \ ) \ l;;;
0- -
T~J t.( 1.. - ~ 1. '-fw. 3 br
(.(" U,-:: ~E ... ..u.. \J-\. U"'lM
P LtI.O\. ~- ____),.. 'f'~ -=: .~
1..( l.. ........ 3 \<TJ
'" '-----4.1.\--
{~, \)l.. , 'le C tU ~ l~t.(-t-~.1!--~ "-' c;~l~'''~ t? 0)- T-~-~"T-.UI\ =r:': Cfr;::-<0-l1 ~ ftiV}'---
\, I...t.( V' ~j("""'" .
-. b ~ C;tr:r~-:("~"\--:n-1J~(fl1 ~ -f-q;(q-~-wop-..2.l.~~ U1'Tr1-Vr~


\f----~ \-----------.''f--.- . = 1 tf fo--c;Q-----·
":. .Gll . \ (\.o -= ~.\'f..lO .:r-
I. ____ -, ,--'. -- ---
o.. _c.~ -::: ~-c.*-----b.-GA· = 6.. ~~-~A.:.c.A-Q£-::3lrl.L\--::...-J.I.4,~L~ 't,,-o:- "ij)--------

~-~~-~-P\-·:--1: -Yf~:rl)-~1j:\ L~ 1-11 ,. f!-= ift?o-r<:--
_ ''-.- \Ui;'
-- .... ,.,._-~--..,.....-~.-~----
I L~,_~ --
~Ct~ M'~A~_,_
? T 'I~J ,.t.\ ,-~-..:. -~
'-- -- - - ); .--- .~---.~
'\tC 6,.-lic=~T-·Q;: ~~~--t'--iti 1I-~--Z.-=-- h-qtc--r~--

--~
v\
._-
V
- ----
f9. ~~ .s. - b. \JJr + ~vJ1K 6VJ -:61« ~ IJJ g 3- .z: s,--Cf} 6.1
.l.
is""\~-r3. O~ 1-\ "i
1.---tJ~~ --T-=-,[" ~-t;T 1- 37J" h:. ~ ~-=l-Q.1 . .rr(2.l..1.. S
\ \ \ ~ 3 - tlz.. '"
- ,g<~ b ~ {\ - .rr .rt> - - .f'-Ffl-- ~
'~-\t - ,{Cj,l

!, ~ it =ct J..A'~ Atrr
I\v.~ F ,
I I ~ t ~
2..D'1:

d,,: A.~ A.~ ~ ~r;, (D ~~ L..i ,0..2 d j(;;;"
~ -
~ :r:
- -~
It
.
) _; =---
~ ..:::::=~ ttl c-=