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Fault Level Calculations

This document discusses fault level calculations in power systems. It begins with an overview of transmission networks and defines fault level as the amount of current that will flow into a fault. It describes per-unit concepts and modeling networks to calculate fault levels. The document provides an example calculation and discusses sequence networks for analyzing unsymmetrical faults such as single-line-to-ground faults. The goal is to understand and calculate the short-circuit current that can flow during different types of faults.

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ShyamkantVasekar
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3K views28 pages

Fault Level Calculations

This document discusses fault level calculations in power systems. It begins with an overview of transmission networks and defines fault level as the amount of current that will flow into a fault. It describes per-unit concepts and modeling networks to calculate fault levels. The document provides an example calculation and discusses sequence networks for analyzing unsymmetrical faults such as single-line-to-ground faults. The goal is to understand and calculate the short-circuit current that can flow during different types of faults.

Uploaded by

ShyamkantVasekar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Fault Level

Calculations
2
Fault Level Calculations
What is ahead?

• Overview of transmission network.


• What is mean by fault level
• PU Concept
• Network Modeling
• Fault Level Calculation
• Example
3
Fault Level Calculations

Step-1
Overview of power system
grid and transmission
network
4
Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest
5
Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest
6
Fault Level Calculations
Local Network – or – Sub-Transmission System
400kV

S/S - A
S/S - C
220kV 220kV 33kV

S/S - B 220kV

132kV S/S - D

S/S - F S/S - E
132kV 33kV

33kV 11kV
7
Fault Level Calculations

Step-2
What is mean by fault level
8
Fault Level Calculations
What is fault level

S/S - A
S/S - B 14530 11300 18290
MVA MVA MVA

9700
MVA
9730 6400 7200
8400 MVA
MVA MVA MVA

4630 5800
MVA MVA

S/S - C
2700
MVA

3670
1185 MVA
MVA
ABC Transmission Co. Ltd.
3 Ph Fault Levels For 2010-2011
9
Fault Level Calculations
What is fault level-Continued….

S/S - B 2450 MVA 2450 MVA


14530 MVA

1465 MVA 1465 MVA


2200 MVA 2200 MVA 2300 MVA

8700 MVA

9730 MVA

1030 MVA
10
Fault Level Calculations

Step-3
Understanding Per-Unit
Measurements
11
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept

• PU impedance values are calculated by

– For Transformers

• %Impedance = Ohmic Value * ( Base MVA / Name Plate MVA )

– For Lines

• %Impedance = Ohmic Value * ( Base MVA / BasekV2 )


12
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept

• PU impedance values are calculated by

– For Transformers

• %Impedance = Ohmic Value * ( Base MVA / Name Plate MVA )

– For Lines

• %Impedance = Ohmic Value * ( Base MVA / BasekV2 )


13
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept

Base MVA = 200 MVA


Sec A Sec B Sec C Sec D

400kV
220kV 132kV 33kV

T1 L1 T2 L2 T3 L3

12 Ohm

0.4 0.4 0.4


ohm/Km ohm/Km ohm/Km
400/220 kV 200 Km 220/132 kV 50 Km 132/33 kV 30 Km
15% 315 MVA 14% 200 MVA 9.33% 25 MVA
14
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept

T1 L1 T2 L2 T3 L3

0.4 0.4 0.4


ohm/Km ohm/Km ohm/Km
400/220 kV 200 Km 220/132 kV 50 Km 132/33 kV 30 Km
15% 315 MVA 14% 200 MVA 9.33% 25 MVA
15
Fault Level Calculations
Short Circuit Current

• 3 Phase Short Circuit MVA at fault point

Base MVA x 100


= ----------------------------------------------------
Percentage Impedance (from source to fault point)
16
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept-Continued

XT1 XL1 XT2 XL2 XT3 XL3


9.52% 33.05% 14% 22.96% 74.64% 220%
17
Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept

75 Ohm 80 Ohm 34 Ohm 20 Ohm 65 Ohm


12 Ohm

0.4 0.4 0.4


ohm/Km ohm/Km ohm/Km
400/220 kV 200 Km 220/132 kV 50 Km 132/33 kV 30 Km
15% 315 MVA 14% 200 MVA 9.33% 25 MVA
18
Fault Level Calculations

Step-4
Finding Source Impedance
19
Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest

4630 MVA 4630


Xs(pu)
Base MVA=100 Xs(pu)

Xs (pu) = 0.0216
Or
Xs% = 2.16%
20
Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon

2850 132kV 33kV


50 MVA
MVA
10.21% 132/33-11 kV
Harsool
50 MVA 132/33-11 kV
10.88 % Chikalthana
0.4 Ohms / Km
132kV 33kV
25 MVA 50 MVA
8 Km 9.73 % 10.03%
25 MVA
10.04 % 25 MVA
11kV 10.52 %
0.4 Ohms / Km

5 Km 25 MVA
10.21 %
25 MVA
9.84 %
11kV
21
Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon
132/33-11 kV
2850 132kV 33kV Harsool
MVA
132/33-11 kV
2257 668 Chikalthana
MVA MVA
132kV 33kV

538
1998 MVA
MVA
11kV

11kV
22
Fault Level Calculations
Unsymmetrical Faults-Sequence Network

• Up till now we have discussed 3 Phase


faults which are rear. Most of the fault in
power system are single line to ground
faults.
• To find out the short circuit MVA due to
single phase to ground fault it is necessary
to use Sequence Network
• Let us have a closer look of sequence
network
23
Fault Level Calculations
Unsymmetrical Faults-Sequence Network
M1

T2 L T1 G

M2 XM11 XM21
XT21 XL1 XT11 Xg1

SLD F

+Ve Sequence Network

XM10 XM20
XM12 XM22
XT20 XL0 XT10 Xg0
XT22 XL2 XT12 Xg2

F F

Zero Sequence Network -Ve Sequence Network


24
Fault Level Calculations
Single Line to Ground Fault-Sequence Network Connections

XM11 XM21
XT21
X1XL 1 XT11 Xg1

XM12 XM22
XT22
X2
XL2 XT12 Xg2

Ia = 3 / (X1 + X2 + X0) F

XM20
X0
XT20 XL0 XT10 Xg0

F
25
Fault Level Calculations
220/132kVSingle Line to Ground Fault-Solved Example
Padegaon
3Ph 2850 132kV 33kV
MVA 50 MVA
1Ph 2230
10.21% 132/33-11 kV
MVA
Harsool
50 MVA 132/33-11 kV
10.88 % Chikalthana
0.4 Ohms / Km
132kV 33kV
25 MVA 50 MVA
8 Km 9.73 % 10.03%
25 MVA
10.04 % 25 MVA
11kV 10.52 %
0.4 Ohms / Km

5 Km 25 MVA
10.21 %
25 MVA
9.84 %
11kV
26
Fault Level Calculations
Single Line to Ground Fault-Solved Example

3Ph 2850
3Ph 2850 MVA
MVA 1Ph 2230
MVA

1 Ph Short 3*BaseMVA*100
Circuit MVA
at 132kV
Harsool Bus
( 2*( XS1 + (XL11 || XL21) )
+ ( XS0 + (XL10 || XL20) ) )
27
Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon
132/33-11 kV
3Ph 2850 132kV 33kV Harsool
MVA
3Ph 2257 3Ph 668
1Ph 2230 MVA MVA
MVA
132/33-11 kV
1Ph 1662 1Ph 604
MVA MVA Chikalthana

132kV 33kV

538
1998 MVA
MVA
11kV

11kV
28
Fault Level Calculations

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