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Rotary Instruments Complete Different Functions in The Cutting, Polishing, and Finishing of Tooth Structure and The Restoration Process

Rotary instruments are used in dentistry for cutting, polishing, and finishing procedures. There are several types of handpieces used including low-speed, high-speed, ultrasonic, laser, air-abrasion, and laboratory handpieces. Each handpiece has specific uses and attachments for different rotary instruments like burs. Proper maintenance of handpieces includes cleaning, sterilization, and lubrication.

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Omar Tarek Mahmoud
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47 views19 pages

Rotary Instruments Complete Different Functions in The Cutting, Polishing, and Finishing of Tooth Structure and The Restoration Process

Rotary instruments are used in dentistry for cutting, polishing, and finishing procedures. There are several types of handpieces used including low-speed, high-speed, ultrasonic, laser, air-abrasion, and laboratory handpieces. Each handpiece has specific uses and attachments for different rotary instruments like burs. Proper maintenance of handpieces includes cleaning, sterilization, and lubrication.

Uploaded by

Omar Tarek Mahmoud
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Rotary instruments complete different


functions in the cutting, polishing, and
finishing of tooth structure and the
restoration process.
Low-Speed Handpiece

Design 
.Straight in appearance 
”.Standard length and “shorty 
Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per 
.minute (rpm)
Operates the rotary instrument in either a forward 
.or backward movement
Low-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

Uses of the low-speed handpiece 


Intraoral 
Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity 
.preparation
.Finishing and polishing of restorations 
.Coronal polishing and removal of stains 
Extraoral 
.Trimming and contouring temporary crowns 
.Trimming and relining of removable partials and dentures 
.Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances 
Low-Speed Attachments

Straight attachment receives a long‑shank 


laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment,
.and the prophy angle attachment
Contra-angle attachment receives latch type 
.rotary instruments and mandrel
Low-Speed Attachments-cont’d

Prophylaxis Angle 
Used during polishing procedures to hold 
.the prophy cup and bristle brush
Two types 
Plastic disposable “prophy” angle 
Metal “prophy” angle 
High-Speed Handpiece

Design 
.One-piece unit with a slight curve in appearance 
.Operates from air pressure 
.Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm 
.Maintains a water-coolant system 
Friction-grip locking system for rotary 
.instruments
.Fiber-optic lighting 
High-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

Uses of the high-speed handpiece 

.Removes decay 
.Removes an old or faulty restoration 
Reduces the crown portion of the tooth for the 
.preparation of a crown or bridge
Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a 
.new restoration
.Finishes or polishes a restoration 
.Sections a tooth during a surgery 
Ultrasonic Handpiece

Design 
.Attached to the dental unit 
.Powered by electricity 
Attachments are similar in appearance to 
.scaling instruments
.Delivers a pulsating spray of water 
Ultrasonic Handpiece-cont’d

Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece 

.Removes calculus 
.Removes stain 
Removes bonding materials from a tooth 
surface after orthodontic appliances are
.removed
Removes cement after orthodontic bands are 
.removed
Laser Handpiece

Design 
Uses a laser light beam instead of rotary 
.instruments
The laser is conducted through a fiber‑optic 
.cable
.Resembles a standard handpiece 
.Maintains a water-coolant system 
.Maintains an air-coolant system 
Laser Handpiece-cont’d

:Uses 

.Cauterizes soft tissue 


.Vaporizes decayed tooth structure 
:Advantages 

.Usually painless 
.Patient usually does not require anesthesia 
.Proceed with procedure faster 
:Disadvantage 

.Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations 


Air-Abrasion Handpiece

Design 

.Small version of a sandblaster 


Produces a high‑pressure delivery of aluminum 
.oxide particles through a small probe
Air-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’d

Uses 

.Prepares teeth for sealants 


.Removes external stains 
.Class I through class VI preparations 
.Endodontic access 
.Crown margins 
Prepares a tooth surface for the cementation of a 
.cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer
Laboratory Handpiece

Design 
.Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm 
.Uses laboratory burs 
Provides greater torque than handpieces used 
.intraorally
Handpiece Maintenance

General considerations 
Wear personal protective equipment and follow 
.universal precautions
.Clean debris from the external surface 
.Clean the internal components of the handpiece 
.Handpiece must be dry before being packaged 
.Wrap the handpiece for sterilization 
.Sterilize the handpiece 
Wipe the light port on the fiber‑optic with an 
.alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant
Rotary Cutting Instruments

:Three basic parts to a rotary instrument 


.Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece 
Straight shank 
Latch type shank 
Friction grip shank 
Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that 
.connects the shank and the head
Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing 
.portion
Dental Burs

.Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head 


Uses 
.Tooth preparation 
.Excavation of decay 
.Finishing cavity walls 
.Finishing restoration surfaces 
.Taking out old fillings 
.Finishing crown preparations 
.Separating crowns and bridges 
.Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries 
Types and Shapes of Burs

Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting 


ability, which shortens preparation time and increases
.productivity
Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting 
surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the
.polishing capability

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