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4G Handovers: Horizontal & Vertical

There are two types of 4G handovers: horizontal handovers between base stations using the same network technology, and vertical handovers between different network technologies like cellular and WiFi. Horizontal handovers are further divided into three types based on whether the base stations are controlled by the same base station controller or mobile switching center/visitor location register. Vertical handovers allow mobile devices to connect between different network technologies like cellular and WiFi.

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163 views8 pages

4G Handovers: Horizontal & Vertical

There are two types of 4G handovers: horizontal handovers between base stations using the same network technology, and vertical handovers between different network technologies like cellular and WiFi. Horizontal handovers are further divided into three types based on whether the base stations are controlled by the same base station controller or mobile switching center/visitor location register. Vertical handovers allow mobile devices to connect between different network technologies like cellular and WiFi.

Uploaded by

SARA
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4G HANDOVERS

HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL


Handover Types:

• Horizontal handover.

• Vertical handover.
Horizontal handover:

takes place between points of attachment


supporting the same network technology.

Example:
between two neighboring base stations of a cellular
network.

 this handover decision is based mainly on:


 RSS (Relative Signal Strength) in the border region
of two cells.
 call drop rate.
Horizontal handover:

3 types for horizontal


handover:
1. Handover between
cells controlled by the 2
same BSC.
6
2. Handover between 2
cells: different BSCs
but the same
MSC/VLR.
3. Handover between
cells controlled by 5 1
different MSC/VLRs. 4
3
5
Horizontal handover:

3 types for horizontal


handover:
1. Handover between
cells controlled by the
same BSC. 4

2. Handover between 4
cells: different BSCs 1
but the same 4
9
MSC/VLR. 5
6

3. Handover between 2
cells controlled by 6
4
different MSC/VLRs. 7 3
7
8
7
Horizontal handover:

3 types for horizontal


handover:
1. Handover between
cells controlled by the
same BSC.
2. Handover between 7
cells: different BSCs
1
but the same 7
MSC/VLR.
8 2 5 10
3. Handover between
cells controlled by 9

different MSC/VLRs. 10
10 5

4 3
Vertical handover:

vertical handover occurs between points of


attachment supporting different network
technologies.

for example: between an IEEE 802.11 access point


and a cellular network base station.
Vertical handover
algorithms

help mobile terminals to choose the


best network to connect to among all the available
candidates..

for example: between an IEEE 802.11 access point


and a cellular network base station.

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