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9 Computer Unit 2

The document provides information about computer hardware and software, the central processing unit (CPU), main memory, and other components of a basic computer system. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer and software as the instructions that direct the hardware. The three main functions of the CPU are described as controlling the system, executing instructions, and processing data. The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logic operations and uses registers to help process data. The document discusses the importance of main memory and describes the two types as read-only memory (ROM) and random-access memory (RAM).

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Hamza Gulisatan
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468 views3 pages

9 Computer Unit 2

The document provides information about computer hardware and software, the central processing unit (CPU), main memory, and other components of a basic computer system. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer and software as the instructions that direct the hardware. The three main functions of the CPU are described as controlling the system, executing instructions, and processing data. The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logic operations and uses registers to help process data. The document discusses the importance of main memory and describes the two types as read-only memory (ROM) and random-access memory (RAM).

Uploaded by

Hamza Gulisatan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544

e-mail: [email protected] website: www.eservicespakistan.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 2)


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Read Instructions before study:
• Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change
the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease.
i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed.
*** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you.
Pay more attention on the bold text in answers.
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THEORY
Question: Differentiate between hardware and software of a computer.
Hardware:
• Computer hardware are physical components of computer.
• They are installed in computer box (System Unit)
• Other connected devices are also called hardware such as Key Board, Mouse, etc.
• Examples are Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Scanner, Modem etc.
Software:
• Techniques & methods that are necessary to get information using hardware are
called Software.
• In other words, software are set of instructions that tells computer what to do?
And How to do?
• Software are of two types:
o System Software
o Application Software

Question: Describe the main functions of CPU.


• The CPU is located inside the system unit.
• CPU is the brain of computer.
• It controls the entire computer system.
• It executes the instruction given to it.
• CPU processes the data as per instructions and send result to output device.
• CPU chip consists of two units:
o Control Unit (CU)
o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Question: Describe the working and functions of ALU.


Functions:
• ALU contain number of adder and logic gates.
• ALU also contain different types of registers.
• ALU performs all the processing in CPU.
• It performs all arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division etc.
• Register help to process the data.
Working:
• Let us understand the addition of two number A and B.
• CU interprets the instructions and transfers the number A from main memory to
Accumulator.

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Visit www.eservicespakistan.com for Notes, Syllabus, Old Papers, Home Tuitions, Jobs & much more
(Page 1 of 3)
Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544
e-mail: [email protected] website: www.eservicespakistan.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 2)


============================================================
• CU then transfer the number B to some other register available.
• Under the instructions of the Control Unit, these numbers are added by the adder
circuits and result is stored in the accumulator.
• Accumulator send it to main memory then result is send to any other unit where
required.

Question: Discuss the importance of main memory. Explain the types of main
memory.
• Main memory is also called primary memory.
• Main memory is located on semi-conductor chip.
• Main memory is very fast and direct accessible by the CPU.
• Main memory has two different types: -
Read Only Memory (ROM): -
• ROM is permanent memory of computer.
• It handles many important tasks. One important task is to provide instruction
during booting (starting) of CPU.
• Another important role of ROM is character generator.
• ROM is non-volatile memory. It means instructions stored on it cannot be changed
or deleted when the computer is turned off.
Random Access Memory (RAM): -
• RAM is major part of main memory.
• Any part of RAM is directly accessible to read/write data or instructions on it.
• It is fast memory but not permanent like ROM.
• RAM is also called volatile memory because it looses any data when the computer
is turned off.

Question: Describe the function of control unit.


• It is most important part of CPU.
• It controls all the activities performed by system unit. It performs this function by
issuing different commands.
• CU require small amount of temporary storage to work.
• CU gets instructions from RAM and stores it in an instruction register and moves it
to one of the ALU registers.

Question: What is meant by secondary storage? Mention some secondary


storage devices.
• Secondary memory is also called backing storage.
• It is used to supplement the capacity of main memory.
• Some secondary storage devices are as under:
o Floppy Disks
o Hard Disk
o CDs
• The data in secondary storage is first brought into the main memory before
processing.

============================================================
Visit www.eservicespakistan.com for Notes, Syllabus, Old Papers, Home Tuitions, Jobs & much more
(Page 2 of 3)
Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544
e-mail: [email protected] website: www.eservicespakistan.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 2)


============================================================
Question: What is meant by bus in computer system? How is Data bus differs
from an address bus?
In computer huge data has to travel from one place to another. Therefore it requires
system bus, which is set of parallel wires.
Data Bus:
Data Bus is an electrical path that connects the CPU, memory, and the other
hardware devices on the mother board.
Address Bus:
Address Bus that carries the memory addresses is a set of wires similar to the data
bus. An address bus connects the CPU with the memory.

Question: Describe the function of ports in a computer. How many types of


ports are generally present in a computer system?
The function of ports in a computer is to provide a direct link with the computer’s
common electrical bus. Main types of ports are as under: -
Serial Ports: -
A serial port provides a connection for plugging a peripheral device with one data line
that carry one bit at a time and additional lines to carry control signals.
Parallel Ports: -
A parallel port provides a connection for transmitting fast flow of large amount of
data.

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More works/Tasks:
Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book.
Do Interesting Information from book.
Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.

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Visit www.eservicespakistan.com for Notes, Syllabus, Old Papers, Home Tuitions, Jobs & much more
(Page 3 of 3)

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