’cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdY%s; wm.dó p¾hdx.

¶
(Deviant behaviour related to the mobile phone usage)

ixlaIsma;h'

b;sydih mqrd udkjhdf.a meje;au Ñria:dhS lrkq msKsi n,mE m%Odk idOl w;r tlsfkld mj;ajd.;a
wka;¾ls%hd iy jvd;a ixlS¾K ikaksfõok yelshdjka uQ,sl fjhs' j¾;udkfhys udkj p¾hdjka flfrys n,mEï iy.;
fuj,ula njg cx.u ÿrl;kh m;aj we;' ikaksfõokh Wfoid muKla fkdj" wfkl=;a udkj wjYH;d imqrd.ekSu i|yd
Wmfhda.Sjk nyqld¾h WmlrKhla njg cx.u ÿrl;kh m%j¾Okh ù ;sffí' WodyrK f,i uQ,Huh .kqfokq"
wdrlaIl wjYH;d" úfkdaodiajdoh imhk fuj,ula f,i;a Y%jH oDYH o;a; .nvdjla f,i;a th Ndú; fjhs'
wka;¾cd,h iu. iDcqj .kqfokq lsrSug;a rEmjdyskS yd .=jkaúÿ,s jeks wfkl=;a udOHhka iu. in|;d
meje;aùug;a thg yelsh' flá mKsjqv l%uh ;=<ska flfrk cku; úuiSu jeks wka;¾l%shd iajrEmhka ;j;a
wxYhls'
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fhaoS ms<s.;a idudkH p¾hdjka yereKq úg ta iu. mekk.sk wm.dó iajrEmhkao
y÷kd.kq ,eìh yelsh' iudc l%uhla ;=< ia:dms;" fnodyod.;a yd we.hSug md;% jQ wfmalaIdjka ì|ouk
p¾hdjka wm.dó fõ' (Cohen,1966) wkqu; fkdlrk,o osYdk;shl .uka.kakd p¾hdj fmdÿfõ iudch úiska ord.;
yels Wmrsuh blaujdhdu wm.dó;ajfha iajrEmh ;SrKh lrhs' (Clinard,1963)' cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h ;=<skq;a
fmdÿfõ iudch hym;ahhs yÕsk O¾u;djhka lvlr;q ,eîu fuysoS wm.dóhhs y÷kd.kq ,efí' kj ;dlaIKsl fuj,ïj,
wd.ukh;a iu. fjkiajk ixialD;sl rgdjkg wkql+,j kj idrO¾u moaO;Ska ìysfkdùfï fya;=j fuu wm.dó iajNdjhg
tla fya;=jls'
cx.u ÿrl;kh Ndú;h iïnkaO udkj yeiSrSu wdY%h lr.ksñka iudc úoHdjla ìysfjñka mj;S'
(Geser,2004 Ito,Okabe and Matsuda,2005 ) YS% ,dxflah iudc mrsirh ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h yd ine|S
mj;akd wm.dó iajrEmhka fln÷oehs úuid ne,Su fuu m¾fhaIKfha wruqK fõ' uQ,sl t<Uqï folla hgf;a fulS
wm.dó;ajhkaa y÷kd.; yelsh' wmrdO ls%hd ie,iqï lsrSu" ls%hd;aul lsrSu" wmrdO l,A,s mj;ajd .ekSu"
wmrdO lrejka w;r wka;¾ iïnkaO;d meje;aùu jeks wm.dó ls%hd tla f.dkaklg j¾. l< yelsh' th jvd;a
,xjkafka wm.dó;ajh iïnkaO ksrfmalaIs; t<Uqulgh' (Absolute approaches to define deviance) wieí ùäfhda
o¾Yk" lduql Y%jH m%ldYk" wiNH weu;ï" h;=re isÿre kerUqï lduh" (mobile phone voyeurism) wiNH
flá mKsjqv- SMS fukau wfkl=;a iudcdfmalaIs; fkdjk Ndú;hka úuid ne,Su fojk t<Uquhs' (Relative
approaches to define deviance) fuysoS Wla; fojk t<Uqu flfrys muKla wjOdkh fhduqflf¾'
cx.u ÿrl;kh Ndú;h ms<sn|j fmdÿfú hym;ahehs ms<s.efkk wdpdrO¾u moaO;shl W!k;djhla iudc
md,k úIfhys tys we;s wjYH;djhla mekke. ;sfío hkak;a ú.%y lsrSug wfmalaId lrkq ,efí'

mrsYS,k (Referencess)

1
Cohen, Albert K. Deviance and social control. Prentice Hall Inc ,Engelewood Eliffe,NJ 1966.
Clinard,Marshal B. Sociology of deviant behavior. Holt,Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1963.
Geser, Hans. Towards a Sociological Theory of the mobile phone,
http://socio.ch/mobilelt_geser1.2004.
Mizuko Ito, Daisuke Okabe,and Mastuda Misa (eds) , Personal, Portable , Pedestrian: Mobile
Phone in Japanese Life. http://www.sagepublications.com 2005

2
 ksnkaOk ud;Dldj wkqu; lr .ekSu i|yd jk iïuka;%Kh

ud;Dldj -( cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdY%s; wm.dó p¾hdx.

(Deviant behaviour related to the mobile phone usage)

ud;Dldj ye¢kaùu (Introduction)

wmrdO úoHd úIh fË;%h ;=< zwm.dó;ajhZ yeoEÍu flfrys ;on, keUqrejla ±lsh
yelsh' wm.dó p¾hd hkq l=ulao hkak ms<sn|j úúOdldr ú.%yhka yd w¾: ±laùï f.dvke.S
we;' wm.dó;ajh flfrys jQ iudcuh ú.%yh ixlS¾K iajNdjhla .kS' —iudc l%uhla ;=<
ia:dms;j mj;akd yd fnodyod.;a" we.hSug md;% jQ wfmaËdjka ì| oukakd jQ p¾hdjka
wm.dó fõ'˜^Cohen, 1966&" —wkqu; fkdlrk ,o p¾hdj fmdÿfõ iudch úiska ord.; yels
Wmßuh blaujdhdu wm.dó;ajfha iajNdjh ;SrKh lrhs'˜ (Clinard, 1963) iudch ;=<
wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| jQ ú.%yhka tys l¾;D" th Woa.;jk iudc wjia:dj yd thg iïnkaO jk
iudÔh fm%aËlhka (Social Audience) wkqj tlsfklg fjkia fõ' iEu iudchlau lsishï md,khla
hgf;a mj;akd w;r tlS iudc md,kh úIfhys" úêu;a yd wúêu;a hk fohdldrfhau iudc md,k
Wml%uhka l%shd;aul fjhs' iudch úiska wkqu; lr.;a" fnodyod.;a" O¾u;d yd w.kdlï
moaO;sh úiska fkdks, wdldrfhkq;a" iudch ;=< jvd;a mdroDYH f,i ffk;slj ia:dmkh fldg
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wdh;ksl yd kS;s Í;s iuqodhka u.ska ks, wdldrfhkq;a fuu iudc md,kh l
%shd;aul fõ' th iEu wdldrhlu udkj p¾hdjka flfrys iudÔh wre;lska n, meje;afjkafkah'
tu.ska wm.dó;ajh md,khg ,laflfrk w;r iudch ;=< ms<s.;a meje;au ;yjqre lrkq ,nkafkah'
udkj iudcfhys meje;au flfrys mqoa.,hka tlsfkld w;r we;slr .kakd wka;¾ in|;d b;d
jeo.;a fia n,mdhs' tys§ udkj ikaksfõokhg ysñjkafka woaú;Sh ia:dkhls' ñksia wka;¾l
%shdjka w;r iudfhdackh isÿjkafka NdIdj uQ,sl fldg.;a ikaksfõok iajNdjhlsks' kQ;k
iudcfhys wka;¾ mqoa., ikaksfõokh flfrys n,mdk ;SrKd;aul fuj,ula njg cx.u ÿrl;kh m;aj
we;' yqÿ ikaksfõokh Wfoid muKla fkdj wfkl=;a fndfyda udkj wjYH;djka imqrd.;yels
nyqld¾h$nyq Wmfhda.S fuj,ula f,i cx.u ÿrl;kh j¾Okh fjñka mj;S' WodyrK f,i olajf;d;a
uQ,H .Kqfokq" wdrËl wjYH;d" úfkdaodiajdoh" f;dr;=re .nvd lsÍu" wka;¾cd,h" .=jka
úÿ,s fyda rEmjdyskS jeks wfkl=;a udOHhka iuÕ iy iïnkaO;d meje;aùug th Ndú; fõ' flá
mKsjqv(SMS) jeks l%u u.ska flfrk cku; úpdrK jeks mq¿,a iudc wka;¾l%shd iajrEm

3
;j;a fhduqjls' wfkl=;a udkj p¾hdjka fukau iudcdfmaËs;" iqrËs;j mej;sh hq;=hehs
fmdÿfõ yÕsk iodpdr udkhkag Tífnka mqoa.,hd cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fhys fhfok úg tajd
wm.dó f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' tfy;a th wfkl=;a iudc p¾hd ;rñkau wm.dó f,i ie,flkafkao@
yxjvqjg ,lajkafkao@ ;yxÑhg yd jdrKhg ,lafõo@ wd§ .eg¿ rdYshla wm yuqfõ ;nhs'
fndfyda ;dlaIKsl Wmdx. udkj iudch ;=< jHdma; fõ' túg úúO kS;Ska yd Í;Ska
u.ska tajd md,khlg k;=fldg iudcdfmaËs; iajNdjhlska r|jd ;efnhs' fkdue;s kï iudch úiska
fmdÿfõ f.dvk.d .kakd iÞpdr yd w.kdlï ;=<ska Wla; p¾hd f.dkqlr ;efnkafkah'
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h iïnkaO udkj p¾hdjka wdY%h lr.ksñka iudc úoHdjla ìysfjñka
mj;S' (Geser, 2004) fuu iudc udkj úoHd;aul wOHhkhka u.ska mq¿,a jmißhl me;sreKq
p¾hd iajNdjhka cx.u ÿrl;kh flakaaøfhys ;nd wOHhkh lrkq ,nhs'
—ñksidf.a Ôjk meje;aug ;dlaIKh ksYaÑ;ju n,mEï lrhs' Tjqkf.a ixialD;sl mqreÿ
mqyqKq lsÍï ;dËKsl ixj¾Okh úiska fufyh fjkafka thgu wdfõKsl l%uhlgh' ixialD;sl
mqreÿ úiska ;dËKsl ixj¾Okh flfryso m%;Hdj¾: f,i Bgu wdfõKsl l%uhlska n,mEï
lrhs'˜ (Ito, Olzabe & Mastuda, 2005)*
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h yd ixialD;sl" fjkiaùï ;dËKsl ixj¾Okhka ms<sn| lrkq ,enQ
mq¿,a wOHhkhlska miqj ,sheù we;s "Personal, portable, pedestrian: Mobile phones in
Japanese life" lD;sh cx.u ÿrl;k yd iudch ms<sn| m%dudKsl ffjIhsl m%fõYhla f,i ie,lsh
yelsh'
iudc wka;¾ in|;d úfgl mq¿,a lsÍug;a úfgl yl=,d ;eîug;a cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h l%shd
lrkafkah' th hï ck iudchl mqreÿ mqyqKq lrk ,o w.kdlï" úYajdi moaO;Ska u; ;SrKh fjhs'
— cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú; lsÍfï rgdjka ish¨ iudchkaf.au talSh iajNdjhla fkdolajhs' kuq;a tu
fjkiaùï wod< ixialD;sl yqremqreÿ y÷kd.ekSug iqiudo¾Yhla úh yelsh'˜ (Yuri Obata,
2006) ** tfuka u tlu iudchla ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha§ ;a ish¨fokdu tlu

*"Indeed, technology influences the way that people live their lives, yet their cultural practices also
drive the development of technology in unique ways. Cultural practices also drive the development of
technology in unique ways." (Ito, Olzabe & Mastuda, 2005)
**"The patterns of use are not the same in all societies but can be paradigm for understanding cultural
practices" (Yuri Obata, 2006.)

4
wdldrfhka tys fhfo;ehs wfmaËd l< fkdyelsh' wm.dó;ajhg uq,a îc idOkh jkafka;a
t;ekskehs hful=g ;¾l l< yelaflah' tneúka ,dxflah iudch ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdY%fhka
mekk.sk wm.dó ,laIK y÷kd.ekSu wOHhkhg ,lajk .eg¿j fõ'
—Matstuda f.a m¾fhaIKh úfYaIs; lKavdhï ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h kj wka;¾
in|;d iajrEmhkaf.a yd pdß;% úëkaf.a ke.Sug fya;=jk nj meyeÈ,s f,i fmkakqï lrhs' kuq;a
tjeks ;dËKsl fuj,ï w.kdlï wdfrdamKh lr.kafka" tlS iudc ixialD;sl jHqyh ;=<g jeoao.;
yels whqßka ixúOdkh ù mej;=fkd;a muKs'˜ (Yuri Obata, 2006) *
Y%S ,dxlsl iudch ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h iudc úoHd;aul wOHhkhlg k;= lsÍfï§
Wla; ixialD;sl yd iudÔh O¾u;duh iajNdjhka flfrys ks;e;ska wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;=h'
hï ;dËKsl fuj,ula lsishï iudc l%uhla ;=<g msúiSug u;af;ka mej;s wdpdr O¾u" iodpdr
iajrEmhka w¨;a Wmdx.h úiska W.=¨jd ouf;d;a t;ek wm.dó;ajh WmÈkq we;' cx.u ÿrl;kh
iïnkaOfhkao fuh fkdfjkia jkq we;'
—cx.u ÿrl;k nyq, ùu;a iuÕ l:d lsÍfï ia:dfkdaÑ; Ndjh ms<sn| m%Yakhlao mek
keÕ=Ks' tneúka ta ms<sn| O¾u;d ud,djla wjYHj ;sfí' wo cx.u ÿrl;k we;af;da iqÿiq
fkdiqÿiq ish¨ ia:dkj,§ mKsúv ,n;s' fo;s' ixjdofha fhfo;s' iuyr ia:dkj,§ tu.ska uyckhdg
wmyiq;djhla we;s ùu fmdÿ O¾u;djla flfrys wm fhduq lrk m%Ok .eg¿jh' mx;s ldurj,
W.kajk w;r;=r" /iaùï w;r;=r niar:j,§" frday,aj,§" cx.u ÿrl;k kdo ùu u muKla jqjo wod<
lghq;=j,g ndOdjls'˜ ^úfÊisxy" Okmd," 2006&
úÿ,s ixfoaYk kshduk fldñifï wOHlaIjrhdg wkqj ±kg cx.u ÿrl;k .%dylhka ñ,shk
07la muK Y%S ,xldj ;=< isá;s' fï ixLHdj uq¿ ck ixLHdfjka wvlg iudkh ta wkqj
iq¿ wm.dó iajNdjhla jqj jHdma;sfha mq¿,a nj u; úYd, iudc m%Yakhla f,i u;=j kef.kakg
yelshdj ;sfí'

*"MatstudaZs research clearly indicate that mobile phones do help to develop new relationships and
conventions among specific groups users; but such new technology becomes valuable only when it is
suited to the conditions already structured by social and cultural frameworks." (Yuri Obata, 2006)
wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| ú.%yhka

5
 wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| iudc úoHd;aul úu¾Ykhka uQ,sl t<Uqï folla Tiafia .uka lrkq
±lsh yelsh' ta wm.dó;ajh ú.%y lsÍfï ksrfmaË t<Uqï (Absolute approaches of deviance)
iy wm.dó;ajh ú.%y lsÍfï idfmaËl t<Uqï(Relative) h' tys§ i|yka l< hq;af;a by; fofn÷u fï
ms<sn| we;s tlu ú.%yd;aul iajNdjh fkdjk njhs' kHdhd;aul jYfhka tlsfklg fjkia jQ m
%fõY .Kkdjla wm.dó;ajh flfrys olajd we;s nj iudc úoHd idys;Hh msßlaiSfuka o;yelsh'
fuys§ Wla; ksrfmaË iy idfmaË hk úfNaokh fuu wOHhkfha iSudjka ,l=Kq lr.ekSfï
myiqj i,ld Ndú; lsÍug wfmaËd flf¾' u;= olajk ,o cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h ksid mekk.sk
ndOdldÍ ;;a;ajhka ^Wod( frday,a" mdi,a" kdgH Yd,d" nia r: ;=< wka whg ysßyer jkfia
kdo jk" Ndú; lrk& f.dkq jkafka wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| idfmaË j¾.hghs' wm.dó p¾hdj ú.
%y lsÍfï t<UQula f,i úYaùh ms<s.ekSula iys; p¾hdx. fjkqjg tfia fkdjk ixialD;sl
úIu;djkaf.a ms<sìUqjla f,i bÈßm;a jk" fmkS isák p¾hdx. fuf,i idfmaË f.dkafkys
.sksKq ,efí'
wm.dó;ajh ú.%y lsÍfï ksrfmaË t<Uqï (Absolute) hgf;ao cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha
we;s wm.dó ,ËK úuish yelsh' —1950 jk ;=reu iudc úoHd{hska úYajdi lf<a ksYaÑ;
p¾hdjka iuqyhla" tajd isÿjk iudc ikao¾Nh fkdi,ld wm.dóhehs ye¢kaùuhs'˜
(Aggleton,P.1993) fuu t<Uqug wod<j úYaùh f,i ms<s.efkk hï hï uQ,sl wfmaËdjka
W,a,x>kh lrkq ,eîu wm.dó fjhs' th jvd;a ,xjkafka ffk;sl iSudjka yd jdrKhkaf.kao ;yxÑ
fldg we;s l%shdjka W,a,x>kh lrkq ,nk wdldrfha yeisÍï j,gh' cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h keu;s
p¾hdx.h yd iuÕ iei£fï§ wmrdO ie,iqï lsÍu" wmrdO i|yd Ndú; lsÍu" wmrdO
l,a,s$wmrdO lrejka w;r wka;¾ in|;d i|yd fhdod.ekSu" wd§ l%shd ksrfmaË wm.dó;ajh
f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' tfy;a fuys§ we;sjk .eg¿j jkafka wmrdO yd ksrfmaË wm.dó;ajh w;r
mj;akd fjki iDcq f¾Lduh iSudjlska tlsfkl fjka fldg .; fkdyels ùuhs' tlu wjia:dfõ§ tlu l
%shdj wmrdOhla fukau wm.dó l%shdjla f,iskao fuys§ fmkS isákq ±lsh yelsh'
flfia kuq;a fuu wOHhkfha§ m¾fhaIlhdf.a jeä keUqrejla cx.u ÿrl;kfhka u;=jk
idfmaË wm.dó iajrEmhka flfrys fhduq lsÍug wfmaËd flfrhs' cx.u ÿrl;kh iuÕ wiNH
ùäfhda o¾Yk" f*dfgda" lduql Y%jH m%ldYk" wiNH weu;=ï" h;=re isÿre kerUqï
lduh" wd§ úúO wm.dó p¾hdx. ine¢ we;s wdldrh ±lsh yelsh' tajd iudc wm.dó;ajfhys
ksfhdackhla f,i ±lal yelso@' tfia me;sÍ we;akï l=uk m%udKhkaf.kao hkak;a —cx.u
ÿrl;kh wdY%s; wm.dó p¾hdx.˜ ms<sn| wOHhkhka ;=<ska mdod.; hq;=j we;s lreKq
fõ' fuf;la cx.u ÿrl;k yd wm.dó p¾hdj w<,d isÿù we;s m¾fhaIK yd ìysù we;s idys;H
tmuK úYd, fkdjkuq;a wm.dó p¾hdj ms<sn| jvd mq¿,a yd m%dudKsl uÜgñka ffjIsl .

6
%ka:" m¾fhaIK lD;s ìysù ;sfí' tfukau úúO iudc úoHd yd wmrdO úoHd;aul .=rel=,hka
úiska t<ô kHdhd;aul t<Uqïo wm.dó p¾hdj ms<sn| úúO oDIaá fldaKhka hgf;a Ñka;kh
fufyhjd we;'
wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| yeoErSu wfkl=;a p¾hdjka ms<sn| yeoErSug jvd fjkiajkakla
fkdfõ' wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| ,sheù we;s kHdhka ie,lSfï§ ^anomie, labeling, conflict and
learning) wdoS iudc úoHd;aul kHdhka Tiafia Wla; p¾hdjka
flfrys jvd;a keUqrejk iudc úoHd;aul t<Uqu f,i iudcdkqfhdackh yd W.ekqï kHdhka
±laúh yelsh' th iodpdr oDIaáh iuÕ taldnoaOù isà'
—wm.dó;ajh hkak ks¾jpkh lsÍu f,fyis ke;' foaYmd,ksl" iudÔh yd wd¾Ól n,h
ysñ lKavdhï ;uka úiska wm.dóhehs mkjd.kq ,nk oDIaàka wfkld u; id¾:lj ;yjqre lsÍfuka
wm.dó;ajh f,i fmkS isákafkah'˜ (Clinard & Meier, 2004)*
—tlsfklg b;d fjkia .;smej;=ï iys; ixlS¾K;d kef.k f.da,Sh iudc jHqyhla
wm.dó;ajh ixj¾Okh lsÍug fya;=fjhs' wm Ôj;a jk iudch ú.%y l< yels jvd;a fyd|u
wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| ks¾jpkh m%;sudkhl ú.%yhhs'˜ (Clinard & Meier, 2004) **
cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; iudc wm.dó p¾hdjka wOHhkfhys,d jvd;a .e,fmkafka m
%;sudkhl(normative) w¾:l:khla nj fmkS hhs' ta w;r;=ru (Statistical) ixLHd;aul
oDIaáfhka cx.u oqrl;k Ndú;fha wm.dó;ajh ;SrKh l< yelso hkak fidhd ne,Suo jeo.;ah'
wm.dó;ajh ks¾Kh lsÍfï úúO ks¾jpk Marshal B. Clinard g wkqj my; mßÈ idrdxY fldg
±laúh yelsh'

ixLHd;aul ú.%yh(- ^ Statistical Definition)

wm.dó jkafka l=ulao@ wm.dó fkdjkafka l=ulao@ hkak ms<sn| lrefKa§ idudkH fmdÿ
ck ú{dkh úiska ixLHd;aul mq¿;rh wm.dñ f,i ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafkah'

*"It is not easy to define deviant behavior. often any consensus that has appeared to exist has been the
result of political, social and economic powers of groups that have succeeded in imposing others their
views of what constitutes deviance" (Clinard, & Meier, 2004)
**"We have adopted that normative definition as best fitting the complex society in which we live &
the increase complex global community, which is characterized by a high degree of diferenhation &, as
a result, a high degree of deviance

ksrfmaË ú.%yh (-^Absolute Definition)

7
 —ksrfmaË ks¾jpkfha§ wm.dó;ajh w.h úksYaph lsÍula u; mokï fõ' tla;rd l
%shdldrlï m%udKhla fyda iajNdjhka iuQyhla iEu úgu wm.dó f,i .ekSsu fuyso
isÿfjkafka idïm%odhsl yd pdß;%.; iajrEmhkag hg;ajh' (Clinard, 2004) *

m%;sfrdaê;aj ú.%yh (- ^Reactivitst definition)

wm.dó;ajh we;súh yels ;j;a uÕla jkafka lsishï p¾hdjlg m%;sfrdaê;ajh ±laùfï
wdldrhlska th W;amdokh ùuhs' iudc fm%alaIld.drh iEu úgu il%sh jk
w;r (Social audiance) tu.ska mqoa.,hd u; ;yjqre flfrk f,an,a$yxjvq wdÈfhka Tyq ;j ;j;a
wm.dó;ajfhysu ls|d niajkq ,nhs' th úfgl oaú;Shsl wm.dó;ajh f,iskao ye¢kafõ' **

m%;sudkhl ú.%yh (-^Normative Definition)

iduQyslj mej;sh hq;=hehs yd fkdmej;sh hq;=hehs yÕsk p¾hd yd iajNdjhka u;

wm.dó;ajh ;SrKh jk m%;sudkhl ú.%yh bÈßm;aa lrk woyi fõ' wjia:dkq.; iajNdjh u; fuu
ú.%yh wkqj wm.dó;ajh fjkiaúh yelsh'"***
(Clinard, 2004)
wm.dó;ajh hkq l=ulao hk mekhg iDcq talSh ms<s;=rla §u wmyiq nj fmkShhs'
—iudc úoHd{hska wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| §¾>" ÿIalr yd .eg¿ldÍ lreKqj,g meg,S ;sfí'˜
(Aggleton, 1993.P.1) ****
—wm.dñ;ajh ms<sn| lrk yeoEÍu" îu;alu" wka;rdhlr T!IO" újdy mßndysr-,sx.sl l
%shd" .KsldjD;a;sh" .íidj fyda tjeks oE wOHhkh lsÍu ;rï ir< lghq;a;la fkdjkafka fï iEu l
%shdjlau hï hï iudcj," úúO fya;=ka hgf;a iudch ms<s.;a p¾hdjka f,io fmkS isák neúks'
(Cohen, 1966,P.12) *****

*—Deviance results from a value judgment based on absolute standards. Certain actions and conditions
qualify as deviant because they have always defined deviance.˜ (through tradition or custom)
**"Deviance is what ever asocial audience reacts against (or labels) as deviance. Something that elicits
no reaction escapes identification as deviant." (Clinard, 2004)—
***"The label deviant depends on a group's notion of actions & conditions that should and should not occur. The
situational conception can change in different situations."
****"Sociologist, in particular, have puzzled long and hard about the issue of deviance" (Aggleton, 1993, P.1)
*****"The study of deviance cannot be simply the study of drun keenness, narcotic drug use, extramarital sexual
relations, prostitution, abortion and so forth, as such for each of these is, in some socially acceptable." (Cohen,
1966, P. 12)
—iudc p¾hd" mqreÿ" l%shd" yeisÍï" wdl,am" úYajdi fyda ;;ajhka iudch úiska
ms<s.;a iy iïu; lrk,o O¾u;d" wdpdr O¾u" ixialD;sl úYajdihkag wkqj wm.ukh jk úg

8
we;sjk ;;a;ajh m%ldYjk" úisjk ishjfia iudc úoHd;aul ixl,am iuqodh ye¢kafjk moh
wm.dó;ajhhs'˜ (Mclaughlin & Muncil, 2007) *
iudc wm.dó;ajh wmrdO p¾hdjg jvd mq¿,a mrdihl iudc m%mxp w;r me;sreKq
n,j;a ixialD;sh úiska uQ,O¾uhla f,i fyda m%dfhda.slj iudc ikaO¾Nh u; ia:dms; lrk
,oaols˜' (Ibid, P.126) **
kQ;k iudc úoHd{hska fndfyda fofkl= ft;sydisl jYfhka wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| jQ ú.
%yhkays fhfo;;a tajdfha ;snQ ;shqKq fofnÿï udhsï .s,syS f.dia we;' Wiia wmrdO
úoHd;aul wOHhkhka úiska wm.dó;ajh tla;rd ÔjúoHd;aul fyda mqoa., flakaÞSh idOl u;
r|kafkah hk b.ekaùï j,ska w;añ§ we;' wm.dó p¾hdjkays idOlia:dkh f,i iudch
ksrka;rfhka wjOdkhg md;% fõ' ta wkqj cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; wm.dó p¾hdx. ms<sn|
úu¾Ykho ft;sydislj wm.dó;ajhg fya;= jQfha hehs úYajdi l< ffcj úoHd;aul yd mqoa.,
flakaøSh idOl j,ska Tífnys jQ t<Uqula wfmaËd lrkafkah'

*"Deviance is a twentieth century sociological concept intended to designate the aggregate of social behaviors,
practices, acts, demean ours, attitudes, beliefs, styles or statuses Which are culturally believed to deviate, standards
and expectations of society." (Mclaughlin and Muncie, 2007, 2007, P.126)
**"Social deviance is a broderconcept than criminal behavior, referring to a range of social phenomena
which the dominant culture has stood against either in principle in practice" (Ibid, P.126)

9
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fhka u;=jk wm.dñ;d

;dËKsl fuj,ula f,i iudc.;jk cx.u ÿrl;kh iuÕ yg.kakd wm.dó;ajfha iajNdjh ms<sn|
laIqø ye¢kaùula fmr f.fkk ,È' fuys§ ;jÿrg;a cx.u ÿrl;kh weiqfrka ìysjk úúO wm.dñ;d
fudkjdo hkak úuid ne,sh yelsh'
wmrdO" wmrdO ie,iqï lsÍu" jxpdj wdÈh fuys§ lemSfmfkhs' tkuq;a m¾fhaIK
iSud hgf;a tajdhska neyerj fuu wOHhkh Èj hhs' flfia fj;;a cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; iudc
úoHdj úiska ±kgu;a tjeks m¾fhaIK isÿfldg ;sfí' cmdk iudc úoHd{hska fom,la jk
Tomita iy Miyaki tjekafkda fofofkls' —cmka ckudOHhka úiska kej; kej;;a iudc
wm.dó;ajh hhs bÈßm;a lrk cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h jgd mj;akd iudc p¾hdjka Hidenori Tomita
iy Yukiko Miyaki úiska iudc .eg¿ hgf;a Tjqkaf.a lD;sfhys wjOdrKh lrhs'˜ (Yuri Obata,
2006) * —<uhska yd iïnkaO wmrdO jk" <ud .Ksld jD;a;sh iy ,sx.sl wmrdO cx.u ÿrl;kh
iu. by< f.dia we;ehs fukau ta ksid je,lS we;ehso lshkq ,efí' (Yuri Obata, 2006) **
cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s;j mek k.sk wm.dñ;d hg;g úúO wka;¾cd, fjí wvú fj;ska wieí
oiqka nd .ekSu y÷kd.; yelsh' "At least 2360 people in 77 countries are suspected of
trying to download videos of young children being sexually abused and even being
raped, according to the authorities who intercepted the illicit material on web server in
Austria" (Sunday Observer, 18.02.2008, P.11)
Y%S ,xldj ;=< mßyrKh jk cx.u ÿrl;k ixLHdfjka úYd, m%udKhla wka;¾ cd,
myiqlï j,ska hqla; jk w;ru úúO wieí fjí wvú fj; msúiSu isÿjk njo fmfkkakg ;sfí'
WWW.18years old. com, Lanka sex.com, phonerotica .com, wd§ fjí wvú Bg idlaIs
orhs' tfiau úúO mqoa.,hkaf.a cx.u ÿrl;kj, .nvdfldg we;s ùäfhda o¾Yk we;=,;a Video
clips ksÍËKh lsÍfukao lreKq ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre fõ' wiNH pdhdrEm" .nvd lr ;eîu i|ydo cx.u
ÿrl;k ksrka;rfhka fhdod.kq ±lsh yelsh' tfiau úúO wmpdrd;aul yd wieì y~ mg (Audio
clips) ksrka;rfhka cx.u ÿrl;kh Tiafia wikakg ,efí' úúO mqoa.,hka" foaYmd,{hska"
wd.ñl kdhlhska w,,d ksmo jQ fujeks wiNH y~mg

*"The chapters by Hidenori Tomita and Yukiko Miyaki focus on the social problems surrounding certain mobile
phone related behaviors reputedly presented as social deviance in the Japanese media." (Yuri obata, 2006)
**"Teenage prostitution and sex crimes that involve children are said to have increased as well as been prevented
by the diverse use for mobile phones" (Yuri Obata, 2006)

cx.u ÿrl;kh Tiafia m%n, jHdma;shla fmkajkjd muKla fkdj iudcfha úúO ;,j, isák
;eke;a;ka úiskao mdßfNdackh lrkq ±lsh yelsh'

10
 cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; h;=re isÿre kerUqï lduh hkq (Mobile phone
Voyeurism) u;= msgg fkdfmfkkuq;a ,dxflah iudc foayfhys úYd, jYfhka me;sr hk ;j;a
wm.dó p¾hdx.hls' úúO isÿre" cfk,a ljq¿ ;=<ska wkHhkaf.a fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djkag
ydkslrk ryiH" ,sx.sl p¾hdjka cx.u ÿrl;kfhka ùäfhda lsÍu fuu p¾hdfõ iajNdjhhs' tf,i
ùäfhda.; lrk ,o o¾Yk fndfyda úg wka;¾cd, fjí wvú fj;o Èh;a lr ;sfnkq olakg ,efí' tfia
fkdue;s kï f.dÿre jQ ;eke;a;d ;¾ckfhka" ìh.ekaùfuka ^Black mail& jdis ,nd .ekSu wd§
oE isÿúh yelsh' fmdÿ jeisls,s" fmdÿ kdk ,sx" wdY%s;j fukau fydag,a" ;dkdhï" úYaj
úoHd, jeks ia:dkj, fuf,i cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%fhka kerUqï lduhg f.dÿrejQjkaf.a brKu i,ld
ne,Sfï§ p¾hdfõ wm.dó iajNdjh biau;= ù fmfkhs' —mqoa.,hkaf.a ksrej; fyda wvksrej;"
ke;skï mqoa.,hka ,sx.sl ixi¾.fha fhfok whqre ryiska krUd ,sx.sl ;Dma;sh ,nkakd
zkerTqïldñhdZ hehs kï fõ'˜ (Lyman,1999,p.316)
cx.u ÿrl;kh weiqfrka ks;r mek k.sk ;j;a wm.dó iajNdjhla jkafka wiNH ÿrl;k
weu;=ï ,nd§uhs' ^obscene phone calls& —wiNH weu;=ï fokakd ks;r ÿrl;kh Ndú; lrñka
;u f.dÿr wiNHldrfhka wduka;%Kh lrkafkah' fndfyda ÿrg fujeks jrolrejka msßñ
mqoa.,hka jk w;r ;¾ckd;aul fyda ìhjoaok iajrhlska ;u f.dÿr wu;d ,sx.sl ix;Dma;sh ,nhs'˜
(Mcdonald,1973 in Lyman,1999.p378)
cx.u ÿrl;k weu;=ï ld,hka iïmQ¾K wh lsÍfuka f;drjk wjia:dj,§ fujeks ;;a;ajhkaf.a
by<hdula we;s nj fmdÿfõ fmfkkakg we;' ,xldfõo fndfyda úg wiNH ÿrl;k weu;=ïj,
fhfokafka msßñka njg idlaIs ;sfí'
—wm.dó p¾hdjka ms<sn| lshfjk .%ka: fndfydauhl ,sx.sl yd m%pKav l%shd
wm.dó f,i ye¢kafõ' jvd;a iúia;rj lsjfyd;a ,sx.sl p¾hdjkaf.a úúO wm.dó iajrEmhka <ud
wmfhdackh" .Ksld jD;a;sh" iu,sx.sl;ajh" (Transexualism) ,sx.udre lsÍu" újdy
mßndysr ,sx.sl l%shd óg we;=<;a fõ'˜ (Agglelon, 1987) wfkl=;a wm.dó ú.%yhkaf.a
fiau cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; wm.dó iajNdjhka ie,lSfï§;a ,sx.sl wm.dñ;d by<g tiù ;sfnkq
fmfkhs' 'Phone Sex' hkq ;j;a

tjeks wm.dó;ajhls' th cx.u ÿrl;kh Tiafiao isÿjkakls' ÿrl;kh Tiafia ixjdo yd l:kh u.ska m
%;s.%dyl md¾Yajh ,sx.slj ix;Dma;su;a lsÍu fuys§ isÿjkafkah' fndfyda úg msßñka fï
u.ska wdiajdoh ,nk w;r Y=l% fudapkh f;lau tjeks ÿrl;k ixjdohkays fh§u isÿúh yelsh'
Sociology of Deviant Behavior keu;s lD;sfha§ Marshal B.Clinard p¾hdfjys hym;a
me;a;o fmkajdfokq ,en we;' tys§ Tyq ;¾l lr isákqfha HIV/AIDS jeks ,sx.dY%s; frda.

11
iïfm%aIKh wju lr .ekSu i|yd YdÍßl ,sx.sl iam¾Yfhka f;dr jQ fujeks ix;¾mKhka
Wmfhda.S lr.; yels njhs'
weíneysùu hkq fN!;slj fyda udkislj isÿjk lsishï lreKla" øjHhla fyda wjia:djla u;
we;sjk r|dmeje;au hehs ye¢kaúh yelsh' u;aøjH j,g weíneys ùu tla;rd iajrEmhl
weíneyshls' ÿrl;kh i|yd weíneys ùu Mobile phone addiction ;j;a wdldrhl wm.dó;ajhla
f,i i,ld ne,sh yelalls' u;aøjH Ndú;hg weíneysùu fyda fjk;a ,sx.sl wm.dó;ajhlg weíneys
ùu fukau ksrka;rfhka cx.u ÿrl;kfhys we,S .e,S kshe,S isàuo weíneys ldrl p¾hdjla fiau
ufkda.;shlao m%lg lrjhs' w;ay< fkdyels f,i cx.u ÿrl;kh iuÕu ld,h f.jñka Èkfhyss meh
24u fuu Wmdx.fhka w;añ§ug wfmdfydi;a jk" ta ksidu tÈfkod Ôú;fha wfkla fndfyda
lghq;= j,ska neyerj isák fyda w;miq lrk ;eke;a;ka fuu j¾.hg f.dkql< yelsh' Tjqka neyer
iudch úiska flfrk wm.dó f,an,a lsÍugo k;=úh yelsh' ksrka;r ÿrl;k ixjdofhys ksr; ùu fukau
SMS ghsma lsÍu yd heùuo fujeks weíneysldÍ ;;a;ajhka f,i y÷kd.; yelsh' —Ôjk l%ufha
yd ;dlaIKfha we;sjkakd jQ fjkialï iuÕ kj ,sx.sl l%shdldrlïo ine£ we;' ,sx.slj wdidOkh jk
frda. iy úúOdx.SlrKh jQ ,sx.sl p¾hdjka w;ayod ne,Sug iuyre fm<fT;s' ,sx.sl ix;Dma;sh
i|yd jQ w¨;au wdldrhg 'Phone sex' WodyrK fõ' ˜(Clinard & Meier, 2004, p.366)
iuyr cx.u ÿrl;k in|;d mqoa.,hka fofofkl= w;r fyda lKavdhï w;r whlsÍïj,ska
ksoyia meflachla f,i ksl=;a flfrhs' ta fya;=fjka tl È.g meh .Kka ixjdofha fhfok ;eke;a;ka
±lsh yelsfõ' Tjqkaf.a wfkl=;a iudc j.lSï yd ld¾hNdrhka fï ksid .s,syS hhs' mqoa.,sl
jYfhkq;a iudÔh jYfhkq;a Tjqka úiska ydks lrkq ,nk iudc wd¾Ól msßjeh (Social

economic cost) úYd,h'

weíneysùu isÿjkafka uQ,sl lreKq folla mokï fldg f.k nj Clinard mjihs' u;aøjH
WodyrKhg .;a úg m<uqj tu.ska we;s flfrk wdl¾IKh yd wjOdrKh fya;=fjkao" fojkqj
u;aøjH Ndú;h ksid we;sjk úruK ,ËK

(Withdrawal Syndromes) ksido weíneysh we;s fõ' cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h i|yd weìneys ùu
iïnkaOfhkao by; lreKqu idOdrKhehs isf;a' uq,ska cx.u ÿrl;kh
Ndú;fhka we;sjk myiqj" wdiajdoh" úkaokh " wdrËKh jeks fya;+ka ksid kej; kej;;a tys
fh§ug fm<öu;a" miqj th w;ay< fkdyels wdldrfhka ne£hdu;a isÿfõ' miqj th fkdue;s úg

12
±fkk wmyiqj ksid w;afkdyer È.ska È.gu Ndú;fha fhoùug oAú;Shsl fya;= idOlh
jkafkah' weíneysh yg .kafka tf,isks'
tlai;a rdcOdksfhys cx.u ÿrl;khg weíneys jQjka i|yd flreKq mÍËKhl§ fuf,i thska
w;añ§ug we;s fkdyelshdj ms<sn| lreKq fy<sj we;' —cx.u ÿrl;k weíneysldÍka
fhdodf.k tlai;a rdcOdksfha§ l< m¾fhaIKhl§ Tjqkg ish cx.u ÿrl;kh rys;j i;shla ðj;ajkakg
bvyßk ,È' m¾fhaIKhg Ndckh lrkq ,enQfjda Èk lsysmhla ;=< wvmk jQy' (Sunday
Observer,01 Jan 2008)
cx.u ÿrl;kj,g weíneys ùu mqoa.,hd wkjYH f,i úhoï lsÍfuys fmd<Ujd,hs' ish
ikaksfõok wjYH;djka wiSñ; yd wkjYH whqßka mq¿,a lr .ekSu ksid Tjqkg úYd, uQ,H
msßjehla orkakg isÿfõ' cx.u ÿrl;kj, jHddma;sfhys we;s jQ úYd, ixj¾Okh;a iuÕu
Wmfhda.S;dj ms<sn| fkdie,ls,a,la f.dvkef.kq ±lsh yelsh' yels;dla l;d lsÍug" ixjdofhys
fh§ug mdßfNda.slhd fm<Uùu jHdmdßl Wjukd úiska fufyhjk m%pdrK Wml%uhkaf.a
uQ,sl wfmaËdjls' tfia udkj wjYH;djka yev.eiaùu ksid fmdÿfõ mqoa.,hd ;=<
wm.dó;ajhla j.djkjd fiau wiSñ; f,i cx.u ÿrl;kh Tiafia ixjd§ ùfuka mqoa.,sl jYfhkq;a"
mjq, ;=<;a" iudÔh jYfhkq;a orkakg jk msßjeh úYd, tllajkq we;' wdh;ksl jHqyhla ;=<
^ld¾hd, jeks& fuh jvd;a .eg¿ldÍ fõ' túg tjeks ;eke;a;ka wm.dóka f,i yxjvqjg ,laùug bvlv
mj;s'

—ixjdo ld,h ms<sn| O¾u;djhla ke;slu fyda .refkdlsÍfï fyda fya;=fjka we;eï
wdh;kj, ÿrl;k wdrËd lsÍu i|yd úfYaI bì h;=re ±óug isÿù we;af;ah' ld¾hd, ÿrl;kfha
fndfyda fõ,djla t,a,S isàu ksid we;eï wdh;k j, fiajd lghq;= wkjYH f,i m%udo jkafkah'˜
^úfÊisxy" Okmd," 2006" ms' 611& cx.u ÿrl;kh iudÔh fjkialï rdYshlg fya;=jk ;dlaIKsl
fuj,ulehs l,ska lSuqq' hï iudc jHqyhl" lKavdhul meje;au flfrys fuu Wmdx.h n,mEï l<
yelsh' wm.dó;ajh keu;s p¾hd iajrEmh flfrys iuQyfha iduQysl iajNdjh ;SrKd;aul
idOlhla fjhs' (Collectivity membership) tla tla iudc lKavdhï" ixia:d ie,l+ úg tys
idudðl;ajh orkakdf.a fmdÿ wkkH;dj tu tallh u; ;SrKh fõ' WodyrKhla f,i ix> iudch"
mjq," md;d, lKavdhïj, idudðl;ajh bis,Su wdÈh ±laúh yelsh'

—iduQysl p¾hdfõ .;s iajNdj jkafka iuQyh ;=< tla wfhl=f.a p¾hdj iduQysl;ajh
ms<sn| hqla;s úksYaphg m;aùuhs' iuQyh ;=<g jeoao fkd.kakd yd iuQyfha Í;Skag
wkqu;sh fkdolajk ;eke;a;ka wm.dóka f,i hqla;s úksYaph flfrhs'˜(Cohen, 1966, p.14)* hï

13
wdldrhlska iduQysl Í;Ska lvlrkakd wm.dó;ajfhys,d f.dkq flfrkq we;' cx.u ÿrl;kh i|yd
,ndfok iïnkaO;d meflach fofofkl= i|yd (Couple package) mjq,a i|yd (Family package),
ld¾hd, i|yd (Office package) jYfhka ,ndfokq ±lsh yelsh' túg tu iïnkaO;d cd,h w;r
wka;¾ in|;d ;sr fõ' tla;rd iuQyhla ;=<g Tjqka f.dkqfõ' tys§ ms<s.;a Í;Ska yd w.kdlïo
f.dvkef.a' ^Wod(- f,i ld¾hd, meflachl wju .dia;=j iEu flfkl= úiskau tla;rd ksYaÑ; Èkl§
f.úh hq;= ùu'& tjeks iduQysl j.lSula meyer yeÍ úg tys msßjeh iuia; lKavdhugu ±Íug
isÿfõ' ^ÿrl;k in|;dj ish¨ fokdf.au úixê ùu& túg Wla; iduQysl;ajh W,a,x>kh l< ;eke;a;d
lKavdhu ;=< wm.dó yxjvqjg md;% fõ' B<Õ udifhaoS Tyq cx.u ÿrl;k ld¾hd,
meflacfhka fkrmSug ,lajkq we;' cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdY%s;j mek k.ska iduQysl w.kdlï
yd lKavdhï p¾hdjka mq¿,a wmrdO úoHd;aul ú.%yhlg ,lal< yelalls' ;reK lKavdhï w;r
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdY%fhka úúO p¾hd;aul wkkH;d W;amdokh úh yelsh' tlu ixialD;sl
Wm jHqyhlg wh;a ;reK msßia w;r cx.u ÿrl;kh weiqßkao fujeks ixialD;sl wkkH;d ìysúh
yelsh' —wmpdÍ l%shdjka j,g rel=,afok wdldrfha w.kdlï W.ksñka wi,ajeis ;reK lKavdhï
jefv;s'˜ (Shaw and Mckay ,1972,p.173 in Lilly,Cullen &Ball) **
tlu mx;shl W.kakd isiqka" tlu kd.ßl wjldYhl Ôj;ajk ;reK iu jhia lKavdhï ks;r
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha fhfokq ±lsh yelsh' Tjqqka w;r wm.dó w.kdlï jHdma;ùfï tla;rd m
%jdyl fuj,ula f,io cx.u ÿrl;kh Ndú;hg,laúh yelsh' Cloward yd Ohiling wkqj Wm
ixialD;sl jHqyhka idudkHfhka iudc úfrdaë O¾u;djka yd w.kdlï j,ska hqla;h' túg Wla;
wm.dó w.kdlï m%jdyl fuj,ula f,i cx.u ÿrl;kh m;aùu isÿfõ' ks,a ùäfhda" <ud ,sx.sl
wmfhdackh" ia;%S ÿIK" ñkS uereï wd§ o¾Yk Tjqfkdjqka w;r yqjudre lr .ekSu
isÿùu óg WodyrK f,i ±laúh yelsh' These subcultures are in effect

*"Part of the meaning of collectivity role is to be subject to the rules of that collectivity , to claim such a role is to
acknowledge that one has become subject to the jurisdiction of the rules of the collectivity. In an interesting way,
even individuals who do not themselves belong to the collectivity and who do not approve of its rules take this
collectivity membership in to account in their judgment of evidence"(Cohen,1966,p.14)
**"Thus some youth groups grew up in neighborhoods characterize by the existence of a coherent system of values
supporting delinquent acts" (Shaw and Mckay, 1972, p173)
relatively coherent sets of antisocial norms, values .and expectations that, when
transmitted or learned mortivative criminal behavior. (Cloward & Ohilin, 1960)
iudcfha wm%idohg fya;=jk ;j;a fndfyda wm.dó cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;hka ;sfí' tajd t;rï
;on, iudc Í;s W,a,x>khka f,i fkdie,fl;;a iudc wm%idohg ksrka;rfhka f.dÿre fõ' m%Ok
Odrdfõ iudc úoHd;aul ú.%yhka mjd wm.dó;ajh ú.%y lÍfï cx.u ÿrl;k yd ine¢ udkj
p¾hdjka ksÍËK fldg we;s nj fmkS hhs' —lE flda .id cx.u ÿrl;khlska ikaksfõokh"

14
foaYkhla w;r;=r Ndú;h" 60kmph jvd fõ.fhka ßh meoùu" ÿï îu" fyfrdhska Ndú;h" nÿ
jxpd lsÍu wd§ ish,a, wm.dó p¾hdx. ms<sn| idlaIs fõ'˜(Jureidini, R, 2003.P.312) *
úúO wd.ñl ia:dk" wd.ñl wjia:d" W;aij" mx;s ldur" foaYk Yd,d" frday,a" Ñ;
%mg Yd,d" kdgH Yd,d wd§ fmdÿ ia:dkj,§ cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú; lrkakkaf.a wm.dó ,laIK
fndfydaúg ±lal yelsh' ms<s;=re §u" weu;Su" wdÈfha§ olajk wdpdrYS,S nj" fukau
iudcfha wfkl=;a idudðlhka wNsuqj wYsIag whqßka ÿrl;kh Ndú;ho ±lsh yelsh' mqia;ld,
lshùï Yd,d yd kdgH Yd,d jeks ia:dkj, cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h ksid wkHhkag isÿjk ydksh tlS
mqoa.,hdf.a wm.dó;ajfha ;ru m%lg lrhs'
ó,Õg cx.u ÿrl;kh wdY%s; wm.dó;ajh y÷kd.ekSu i|yd t<ôh yels ;j;a udkhla
ms<sn| idlÉPdj fhduq lsÍug leue;af;ñ' tkï iodpdr jHjidhlhdf.a ld¾hNdrh ms<sn|jhs'
(Moralnter prenure) iodpdr jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn| jok uq,a jrg bÈßm;a lf<a Howard
Becker úisks'
—wm.dñhd úiska ish p¾hdj ;ud úiska u jrKh fkdlr.kakd neúka wfkld úiska th
fmdÿ wjOdkhg k;= flfrkafka fkdúh hq;= hula" le<öula ;ud jgd isÿfjñka mj;sk nj
fmkajdfokq ,eîfuks' u;=ù tk wm.dó;ajh i|yd Í;ska fyda kS;Ska ke;skï jdrKhla
ksmojd .ekSug lsisjl=f.a ±kqu wjYH flfrhs' lsishï jHdmdrhla" tlS lghq;af;ys n,d;aul
lsÍug;a" M,odhS lsÍug;a wjYH fõ' kS;Ska n,d;aul jkqfha lsisjl= úiska ;on, f,i b,a,d
isàfuka wk;=rejh'˜(Bassis, S.M, Geles, R.J and Levine, A, 1980) ta wkqj cx.u ÿrl;k
Ndú;h yd iene÷Kq wm.dó;ajhka ms<sn| iodpdr jHjidhl;ajfhys fhfok msßia y÷kd .ekSu
jeo.;a fõ' mqj;a m;a udOH fuys§ uq,a;ek .kq fmfkhs' th f,dalfha wfkl=;a rgj,a j,skao
óg iudk w;a±lSï jd¾;d fõ' 1920 .Kkaj, § ußcqjdkd

*"Shouting using a mobile phone, talking daring a lecture, driving at more that 60 kilometers per hour,
smoking tobacco, selling heroin and tax avoidance can all be example of deviance˜ (Jureidini, R,
2003.P.312)

Ndú;h ;ykï lsÍu i|yd jQ m%pdrfha§ mqj;am;a iodpdr jHjidhl ld¾hfha fhÿKq nj i|ykafõ'

iodpdr jHjidhl;ajh yd wm.dó;ajh

Y%S ,xldj ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha wm.dó iajNdjhka biau;= ù ;sfíh hkak m%ldY
jk tla;rd ud¾.hla f,io iodpdr jHjidhl;ajfhys yeisÍu ±laúh yelsh'

15
 my; f.k tkafka mqj;am;aj, m, jQ iodpdr jHjidhl;ajfha iajNdjh fy<s lrk
Wmqgd .ekSï lsysmhls' tajd tla;rd wdldrhl foaYmd,kuh m%ldYkhka fõ' iodpdrh
fjkqfjka fmkS isákakd ;uka ks;e;skau n,hla w;am;a lr .kakd w;r;=ru wfkld ;=< wm.dó
f,an,h w,jkq ,eîfuka Tyq ÿ¾j, lrkafkah'
"On the other hand, some are dead against using mobile phones. It is sorry state of
affaire that our schoolchildren use these mobile phones for meaning less purpose.
They get corrupted by watching phronographic scences"(The Sunday Obsurver,
2008.03.30, P.10)
—wiNH PdhdrEm" wiNH ùäfhda o¾Yk wdÈh kj ;dlaIKsl myiqlï iys; ÿrl;k
Tiafia nyq, jYfhka yqjudrejk neúka tjeks cx.u ÿrl;k mßyrKh orejkaf.a <ud uki ¥IKh jk
ksid;a Tjqka úúO wmfhdack isoaëkaj,g fm<fUk ksid;a mdi,a orejka thska uqojd
.ekSug ke;skï j,lajd .ekSu i|yd kS;s f.k taug ;ud uQ,sl jk nj weu;sjßh ish md¾Yajfhka
mejiSh'˜^,laìu" 2007'11'11' ^ms'2& —miq.sh ld,fha§ fmd,sia <ud yd ldka;d
ld¾hdxYh i;= jQ o;a; f;dr;=rej,g wkqj mjq,a .egqï we;sùu yd fkdfhl=;a wmpdr iïnkaO
isoaëkaj,g uQ,sl fya;=jla ù ;snqfKa wksis f,i cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;hhs'˜ ^,xldÈm"
2008'07'20" ^ms'8&
—iudc iodpdrh ¥IKh ùug cx.u ÿrl;kh m%n, idOlhla ù we;'''''l;=kaf.a lh úlsKsfï
Ôjk jD;a;sh wo cx.u ÿrl;kh yryd irejg lrf.k hdug yels ù we;' ;%S frdao r: ßhÿrka" f.iaÜ
yjqia jeks ia:dk" jD;a;sfha kshe,S isák ;reK ldka;djka hk fï wh cx.u ÿrl;kh yryd oïjef,a
mqrelafuka tlg ne£ isá;s'˜ ^Èjhsk bßod ix.%yh" 2007'fkd'02" ms'06&
iudch ;=< úúO wm.dó;ajhka u;=ùfï§ iodpdr jHjidhlhdf.a (Moral Entrepreneur)
ld¾hNdrh lemS fmfkkafka ksYaÑ; l%shdfjys iernj nd, lsÍug" jdrKhg" kS;s mekùug
uQ,sl;ajh .kafka Tjqka ksidfjks' wmrdO úoHdj kS;s iE§fï l%shdj,sh wOHhkh lrkafka
hehs tys YslaIKh ms<sn| w¾: ú.%yfhysu ±lafõ' —wmrdO úoHdj hkq wmrdO foi
iudÔh ±laulska n,d f.dvke.=Kq ±kqï iïNdrhhs' tys oDIaá m:h ;=<g kS;s iE§fï l
%shdj,sh" kS;sh ì| ±ófï l%shdj,sh iy kS;sh ì|±óug tfrys l%shdud¾. wh;a
fõ'˜(Sutherland, E.H.1934, in Adler.) *
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h YS>%fhka me;srhkag ta yd ne÷Kq úúO p¾hdjka iudc md,k
jHqyhka hg;g k;= fldg ;eîu i|yd kj idrO¾u fukau kS;Skao wjYH fõ' iodpdr jHjidhl;ajh
úiska fï i|yd —n,h˜ W;amdokh lrkafka flfiao fhdod.kafka flfiao hkak yeoEÍu ;=<ska
kS;s iE§fï iudc l%shdj,sh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,eìh yels fõ'

16
ffk;sl ;;a;ajh

cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h iudc p¾hdjla njg m;aj;a§ kS;sho Bg wod<j ixj¾Okh úh
hq;=h' tfiau mj;akd kS;so ta i|yd Wmfhda.S (Apply) l< yelsh' ±kg;a wm rfgys ta
Wfoid úúO kS;s mj;skjd fiau kj kS;s iïmdokh jkqo ±lsh yelsh' 1927 wxl 4 orK wiNH
m%ldYk mk; yd 1983 wxl 22 orK wiNH m%ldYk mkf;ys m%;sixfYdaOkh" 2006 wxl
19 bf,lafg%daksl .kqfokq mk; fukau 1895 idlaIs wd{dmkf;a iuyr úêúOdk" .súiqï
kS;skao fï i|yd fhdod.; yels ffk;sl wKmk;a lsysmhls' 1991 wxl 25 orK Y%S ,xld úÿ,s
ixfoaY mk; u.skao cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha md,khla we;s lsÍug l%shdlrhs' wêlrKh fmd,Sish"
úúO ÿrl;k iud.ï úÿ,s ixfoaYk kshduk fldñIka iNdj" jeks wdh;k .Kkdjla fj; fuys j.lSu
mejf¾' wm.dó;ajh yd iudc md,kh ms<ssn| flfrk wmrdO úoHd;aul úuiqul§ iudc
md,kfha§ mj;akd jHdfcdala;sl iajNdjh y÷kd.ekSu isÿl< yelsh' Tijd ;eîu'(Escalation) n,
rys; lsÍu" (None enforcement) ieÕjqï myiqlï iemhSu" (Covert Facilitation) hk wxY
fï Tiafia úuid ne,Sug mq¿jks' wmrdO yd wm.dó p¾hdjkg iudcfha mj;akd WK;d
fya;=fjkehs mejfia' tfy;a Gary T. Marx (1981) mjik wdldrhg ;j;a iuyr wmrdO j,g iudc
md,kuh fya;=idOl fõ' cx.u ÿrl;k iïnkaOfhka mkjkq ,nk kS;s kej;;a wm.dó;ajh fyda
wmrdO m%j¾Okhg ,la l< yelsh'

*"Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon' It includes within its scope the
process of making laws of, braking laws and reacting towards the breaking of laws. "(Sutherland, E.H, 1934 in
Adler)

wOHhkfha jeo.;alu

iudc úoHdj yd wmrdO úoHdj úúO iudc p¾hd foi úu¾Ykd;aul keUqrejla
olajhs' lKavdhï p¾hdj (Group behavior) iduQysl;ajh (Collectivity) ixialD;sh yd tys
fjkiaùï (Culture and cultural change) NdIdj (Language) wd§ wxY .Kkdjla Tiafia cx.u
ÿrl;kh yd ine¢ udkj p¾hdjka úuid ne,sh yelsh' wfkl=;a iEu udkj p¾hdjla fukau wm.dó
p¾hdjo (Deviant behavior) iEu iudchlgu fmdÿ jk w;ru cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h iïnkaOfhkao

17
neyer fkdfõ' tneúka kQ;k ;dËKsl ixj¾Okh;a" kj ;dËKsl fuj,ï hï iudc l%uhla ;=<u
wd.ukh ùu;a ksid tlS iudc foayh mqrd me;sr hd yels wm.dó iajNdjhka y÷kd.kq ,eîu
ld,Sk jeo.;alulska hq;a;h' tjeks wm.dó p¾hdx. iudcfha úúO ia;rhka" úúO iudc
fldÜGdihka fj; jvd;a n,mEï iy.; úh yels ksid tys wjOdkh fidhs ne,Su jeo.;afõ' ^Wod(-
mdi,a isiqka& tfiau iudc l%uhl meje;au i|yd n,mdk úúO wdpdr O¾u" w.kdlï kj ;dËKsl
Wmdx. j, Ndú;hka iuÕ wkqrEm úh hq;af;a flfiao hkak y÷kd.ekSu .eg¿ rdYshlg úi÷ï
imhhs' kj udkj p¾hdjlg wod<j iudc md,kh ;SrKh lrkq ,nk m%Odk wjhjhls' cx.u ÿrl;k
ksid yg.kakd iudc wm.ukhka flfrys kS;sfha m%;spdrh fidhd ne,Suo jeo.;a fia yef.a'
fufia cx.u ÿrl;kh yd wdnoaOj W;amdokh jk úúO wm.dó p¾hdx. fudkjdo@ tajdfha
jHdma;sh flfiao@ tlS p¾hdjkaf.a f.dÿre njg m;ajkakka ljqo@ iudc md,k jHqyhkaf.a m
%;spdrh fln÷o@ hkak fidhd ne,Su kQ;k iudcfha iajNdjh y÷kd.kSug;a .eg¿ u.yrjd
.ekSug;a bjy,ajkq we;ehs isf;a' cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h ms<sn| jQ wmrdO úoHd;aul" iudc
úoHd;aul wOHhkhkays mj;akd W!K;djhka fj; iq¿ m%udKhl fyda odhl;ajhlao
fuhska ,eîu jeo.;ah' wfkla w;g f,dalfha úúO rgj,a j, ^iaùvkh" cmdkh" weußld' t'c'& mjd
cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s;j l< wOHhkhka iDcqju ta wdY%s; wm.dó p¾hdj úuiqug ,lafldg
we;af;a b;d w,am jYfhks' fï ksid hï muKl ffjIhsl Ydia;%Sh odhl;ajhlao fuu
m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska W;amdokh lr.; yels fjf;d;a b;d jeo.;ah'

wOHhkfha wruqKq
Objective of the study

1. ,dxflah iudch ;=< cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h iu. f.dvkef.k wm.dó p¾hdjka fudkjdo hkak
y÷kd.ekSu'
2. tlS wm.dó p¾hdx. iudc meje;au ì|±óug fyda ydks lsÍug n,mE yels wdldrh úuid
ne,Su

18
 3. wm.dó;ajh keu;s iudc p¾hdj ú.%y lsÍfï,d bÈßm;a ù we;s úúO kHdhd;aul ú.
%yhka iu. cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha§ mek k.sk wm.dó iajrEmhka fldf;la ÿrg wod< l<
yels±hs fidhdne,Su
4. iudc md,kfhys,d jeo.;a úh yels ffk;sl ixj¾Ok fË;%hka y÷kd.kq ,eîu'

l%ufõoh Methodology

cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h ;=<ska mek k.sk wm.dó;ajh úuid nef,k fuu mÍËKh nyqúO t<Uqula
wfmaËd lrkakls' fuys§ wOHhk l%ufõoh m%Odk fldgia follska iukaú; fõ' tkï" o;a;
/ialsÍu iy o;a; úYaf,aIKh jYfhks'

uq,dY% Ndú;h

o;a; tla/ia lsÍu i|yd oaú;Shsl yd m%d:ñl uQ,dY% hk uq,dY%hka oajhu wh;afõ'

o;a; tla /ialsÍfï l%u

fmd;a m;a $ iÕrd $ jd¾:d

oaú;Shsl mqj;a m;a

19
 uQ,dY% wka;¾cd,h(PDF,word-
document)
ksÍËK igyka

o;a; tla/ia m%Yakdj,s u.ska

lsÍfï l%u m%d:ñl ksÍËK
uQ,dY% iïuqL idlÉPd(Key
Informant)
bf,lafg%daksl

Video clips,
SMS/MMS,
Audio Clips
Photo
oaú;Shsl uQ,dY%

cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s;j ñka fmr isÿlrk,o úúO m¾fhaIK lD;s" iudc úoHd;aul
wOHhkhka yd ta w<,d ,shejqKq fmd;am;a iÕrd óg wh;a fõ' wka;¾cd, fjí wvú
.Kkdjlao fï i|yd mßYS,khg ,laflf¾' 2008'08'01 isg 2007'06'01 olajd ld,h ;=< cd;sl
mqj;am;a j, m< jQ cx.u ÿrl;k ms<sn| ,sms tl;=jlao fï i|yd Ndú;hg .kS' wka;¾cd,ho o;a;
imhd .ekSfïÈ oaú;Shsl uQ,dY%hla f,i Ndú;hg .efkkq we;'

m%d:ñl uQ,dY%

m%Yakdj,sh (Questionaires)
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h wdYs%; p¾hdjkaf.a iajNdjh uek ne,sSfï wruqKska iïmdÈ; m
%Yakdj,shla f;dard.;a kshÈh fj; ,ndfokq we;' kshÈh wyUq fkdjk tlla jk w;r fmdl=re
iajNdjfhka f;dard .ekSug wfmaËd flf¾' m%Yakdj,sh cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;h" tajd Ndú;fha§
we;súh yels wm.dó p¾hdx." cx.u ÿrl;k wm.ukhlska hq;=j Ndú; lsÍfuka we;s flfrk iudc
ydksh" f.dÿreùu" wdl,am wdÈh uek .ekSfï wruqKska ilid we;'

ksÍËK

20
 ksÍËKh wm.dó p¾hdx. y÷kd.ekSu i|yd m%n, f,i Ndú; l< yels m¾fhaIK fuj,uls'
ta ksid tÈfkod ðú;fha§" fhfok p¾hdjka" úúO wdh;ksl jHqyhka ^mkai,$mqia;ld,h&
úúO wjia:djka ^iïuka;%K$kdgH krUk wjia:d& wd§ f,i ksÍËK Ndú; fldg o;a; igykla
iïmdokh lsÍug wfmalaIs;hs' mQ¾j fufyhùula hgf;a f;dard.;a cx.u ÿrl;k w¨;a jeähd lrk
ld¾ñlhka isõ fofkl=f.a ksÍËK igyka ^ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla we;=,;& ,nd.ekSug wfmaËd
flf¾'

iïuqL idlÉPd
cx.u ÿrl;k w¨;a jeähd lrk m%Odk wdh;k foll ;eke;a;ka fuys§ uQ,sl f;dr;=re
imhkakka f,i Ndú;lsÍug wfmaËd flf¾' Tjqkaf.a ksÍËK igyka" ^m¾fhaIlhdf.a mQ¾j
fufyh ùu hgf;a& ,nd.kakd w;ru tu ;eke;a;ka fj;ska iïuqL idlÉPd u.skao o;a; imhd
.ekSug woyia lrhs'

bf,lafg%daksl o;a;
cx.u ÿrl;k j, .nvd fldg we;s ùäfhda ^Video& mg" ùäfhda len,s ^Video clips),
PdhdrEm (Photo), flá mKsjqv (SMS/MMS), y~ mg (Audio Clips) wdÈh úYaf,aIKh i|
yd Ndú;hg .kS' ta i|yd ñ;=rka" iujhia lKavdhï" cx.u ÿrl;k w¨;ajeähd lrkakka wd§ka
fj;ska imhd.;a tjeks bf,dlafg%daksl o;a; tl;=jla ;kd .ekSug wfmalaIs;h'

ksheÈh
m¾fhaIKh Wfoid m%Yakdj,s fhduq lsÍug i|yd Ndú;hg wfmalaId lrkafka wyUq
fkdjk kshÈhla fj;h' (Non-Random Sample) fmdl=re wdldrfhka (Clusters) th f;dard
.efka' jD;a;Ska fyda fhfok ld¾hkaf.a iajNdjh wkqj fuu fmdl=re f;dard .kS' ^Wod(-
mdi,a YsIhka" fm!oa.,sl ld¾hd, fiajlhska" úYajúoHd, isiqka" rcfha fiajlhka" lïlrejka&
tu fmdl=rg wh;a ixLHdj ;=< ia;%S$mqreI nj wd.ñl yd cd;sl wkkH;djka yd jhia
mßudjka wd§ m%cd úoHd;aul .=Kdx. ksrEmKh jk whqßka ksheÈh f;dard .ekSug
wfmalaIs;h' m%Yakdj,sh i|yd o;a; odhlhska ;=kaishhla ^300& muK kshÈh ;=<g
wka;¾.%yKh lsÍug woyia lrhs' uq¿ kshÈh ;=< tla tla fmdl=frys ksfhdackh yels;dla
iunr lr.ekSug W;aidy ±f¾' fld<U Èia;%slalh ;=<ska ksheÈh f;dard.ekSu isÿflf¾'

o;a; úYaf,aIKh

21
o;a; úYaf,aIKh m%Odk fldgia 03 lska hq;a; fõ'
1. ixLHdk úoHd;aul l%u
2. ;=,kd;aul ú.%yh
3. .=Kd;aul ú.%yh
m%Yakdj,s Tiafia tlalr.;a o;a; SPSS o;a; úYaf,aIK uDÿldx.h fhdodf.k
úYaf,aIKhg md;% lrkq ,efí' iïuqL idlÉPd" ksÍËK yd Key informant fj;ska ,nd.;a o;a;
;=,kd;aulj ú.%yhlg k;= flfrkq we;' mqj;am;a ,sms" .=Kd;aul úYaf,aIKhg (Qualitative
analysis) ,lalsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' m%Yakdj,s ;=<ska ,nd.;a ixLHd;aul o;a; ^m%;sY;
$uOHkHh$ jHdma;sh& yd wfkl=;a f;dr;=re w;r iyiïnkaO;djka fidhd ne,Su u.ska
wm.dó;ajh ;SrKh lsÍfï§ ixLHd;aul o;a;hka fld;rï bjy,afõo hkak;a Wr.d ne,Sug
wfmalaIs;h'

m¾fhaIK iSud yd .eg¿

wm.dó;ajh hkq iDcq f¾Ldjlska fjkafldg fï hehs fmkajdfokq ,nk iudc p¾hdjla
fkdfõ' wm.dó jkafka l=ulao fkdjkafka l=ulao hkak f;dard fírd .ekSu b;d ixlS¾K
ld¾hhls' wm.dó;ajh y÷kd.ekSug we;s t<Uqï uQ,sl jYfhka ksrfmaË yd idfmaË jYfhka
foj¾.hlg fno;;a tys§o ish,a, iDcq f,i fofnÿulg ,la fkdfõ' tjka ;;a;ajhla hgf;a cx.u ÿrl;l
Ndú;h jeks kQ;k iudc p¾hdjl we;s wm.dó;ajh y÷kd.ekSug t<fU;au ixl,amSh jHqyh
;=<u iSud yd .eg¿ mekk.S'
fmdÿfõ ms<s.;a iudc wfmaËdjkag yd wNsu;hkag msgqmd .uka lrk p¾hd
iajNdjhka fuys§ wm.dóhehs ie,lSug ,lafõ' wmrdO" wmrdO ie,iqï lsÍu" l=uka;%Kh"
wd§ ffk;slj ;yxÑhg ,la jQ l%shdjka wmf.a m¾fhaIK úIh m:fhka Tífnys ,d iSud
mkjd .ekSug fuysoS isÿfõ' ta wkqj idfmaËl iajNdjhlska lreKq ie,ls,a,g ,lalrhs' ^Wod(-
wiNH o¾Yk .nvdlr ;nd.ekSu" h;=re isÿre kerUqï lduh" cx.u ÿrl;k weíneysh" wd'È'j&
fuys§ m¾fhaIKh hï f;dard.;a p¾hdúëka f.dkakla muKla wOHhkh lsÍug iSud fõ'
wOHhkh úúO jhia uÜgï" úúO jD;a;Skaj, fhfokakka wjOdkhg md;% l< kuq;a
iólaIKh i|yd fld<U Èia;%slalh ;=< /lshd lrk ;djld,sl fyda ia:Sr mÈxÑh we;s mqoa.,hka
muKla fï iólaIKhg Ndckh fõ' tfy;a tu ksheÈhg fjk;a Èia;%slalj, ia:Sr mÈxÑh ysñ
;eke;a;kao wh;aúh yelsh' iólaIK lghq;=j,§ mqoa., wkkH;dj" mqoa.,sl;ajh we;s whs;sh
jeks idOl iSudldÍ f,i n,mEï l< yels w;r tajd fkdis| m¾fhaIKh Èh;alsÍug isÿjkq we;'

22
 cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; iudc úoHdjla ìysfjñka ;snQjo tlS p¾hdj yd ine÷Kq wm.dó
iajNdjhka wOHhkh lsÍu isÿj we;af;a b;du w,am jYfhks' ,xldfõ tjeks wOHhkhka lsisjla
ug yuqq fkdjQ w;r cmdkh yd tlai;a ckmoh hk rgj,§ cx.u ÿrl;kh yd ck udOH iudch
ms<sn| l< wOHhkhka .Kkdjla fidhd.; yels úh' iaùsvka cd;sl Hans Geser
uydpd¾hjrhdf.a kHdh wOHhkh lemS fmfkkakls' Wla; wOHhkj, mjd iDcq wdldrfhka
cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha wm.dó ,laIK y÷kd.ekSug yd ú.%y lsÍug l< t<Uqï fkdolakd ,efí'
tneúka úIh wrNhd mQ¾j idys;Hfhys W!k meje;au yd wjm%udKsl nj ;j;a iSudldÍ
idOlhla f,i ±laúh yelsh'

23
m¾fhaIK ksnkaOkfha wdlD;sh

m<uq jk mßÉfþoh
ye¢kaùu" wruqKq" m¾fhaIKfha jeo.;alu yd m¾fhaIK ie,eiau" uQ,dY% Ndú;h" Ndú; l
%ufõohka yd wOHhkfha iSudjka we;=<;a fõ'

fojk mßÉfþoh
ixl,am ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh flf¾' tys§ wm.dó;ajh hkq l=ulao@ wm.dó;ajh ms<sn| úúO
ks¾jpk" h:dkqN+;jd§" ufkdaúoHd;aul" Ôj úoHd;aul" (Biological) jHqyjd§
(Structuralism) yd wka;¾l%shdjd§ (Interactions) wd§ kHdhd;aul t<Uqï ú.%yhg
,lalsÍu'

;=kajk mßÉfþoh
cx.u ÿrl;kh yd wm.dó p¾hdj flf¾ kQ;k ;dËKsl ixj¾Okh yd cx.u ÿrl;k Ndú;fha n,mEu
y÷kd.ekSu" ta Tiafia yev.efik udkj p¾hdjkaf.a iajrEmh y÷kd.ekSu" udkj wka;¾l
%shdjkaf.a iajNdjh ;SrKh lsÍu flfrys cx.u ÿrl;kfha n,mEu" wdpdr O¾u" idrO¾u
ms<sn| .eg¿j" kS;sh' cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s;j mekk.sk úúO wm.dñ;d y÷kd.ekSu'
-weíneysh$h;=re isÿre kerUqï lduh
-wiNH y~$o¾Yk keröu$.nvd lsÍï
-iduQysl wm.dñ;d
-wiNH weu;=ï
-Normlessnes\ antisocial behavior

isõjk mßÉfþoh
o;a; úYaf,aIKh ( m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska fidhd.;a o;a; cx.u ÿrl;k wdY%s; úúO wm.dó
p¾hdjkaf.a iajNdjh iuÕ úuid ne,Su isÿjkafka fuu mßÑfþofha§h'

miajk mßÉfþoh
m¾fhaIK wruqKq j,g wkqj imhd.;a f;dr;=re weiqßka ks.ukhlg t<öu m¾fhaIKh ms<sn|
iudf,dapkhla bÈßm;a lsÍu isÿfõ'

24
ihjk mßÉfþoh
iudf,dapkh
wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh
weuqKqï
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10. Geser, H. Towards a sociological theory of the mobile phone, University of
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24. uhsl,a tia' î'" ßpâ fÊ' ð' iy wEka ,sjhska" —wm.dó;ajh iy iudc md,kh˜" ^wkq&' iqër
chùr" l¾;D m%ldYk" 2008" kqf.af.dv'

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urodk'

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27
33. Premathunga Sagitha, 2008.06.01, "Mobile phone Mania." The Sunday Observer,
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34. wïn,kaf.dvf.a u,s;s" 2007'11'01" —ñksidg úk lrk mßirh ÿIKh lrk cx.u ÿrl;k ˜
^ms'8&" rdjh'

35.wfíúl%u m%KS;d" 2008'08'31" —tia' tï' tia' j,ska úys¿ l< ld,h bjrhs'˜ ^ms' 25&"
,laìu'

36.talkdhl r;ak î' 2007'10'02' —yf,da yf,da ydhs Bg miafi W!hs˜' ^ms' 6&" Èjhsk'

37..=Kj¾Ok kd,l" 2008'08'17" —cx.u ÿrl;k w¢k l,siu jf.ao˜ ^ms' 18&" rdjh"

38. ùrisxy .hdka l=udr" 2007'09'11' —ldu ixialD;sfhka orejka fírd .ekSug cx.u ÿrl;kj,g
kS;shla"˜ ^ms' 2&,laìu'

39. iur;=x. Wvq.ïfmd," 2007'07'15" —ÿrl;k jeysjeye,˜" ^ms' 2&" ,xldÈm'

40. iur;=x. ixÔúld" 2008'07'20" —cx.u ÿrl;khg tk w¨;a kS;s˜" ^ms'8& ,xld§m'

mk;a
Obsence Publication, Act No. 4 of 1997.

Obsence Publication, Act No. 22 of 1983.

2006 wxl 19 orK bf,lafg%daksl .Kqfokq mk;'

1991 wxl 25 orK úÿ,s ixfoaYk mk;'

28