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07-Busbar Protection Busbar Protection RF

The document discusses busbar protection in electrical substations. It describes the drawbacks of not having busbar protection, such as slow fault clearance times, and the benefits of busbar protection like fast fault clearance. Various methods of providing busbar protection are presented, including frame leakage protection, blocking schemes, and high impedance differential protection. Frame leakage and blocking schemes are described in more detail.

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Rajesh Pillai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

07-Busbar Protection Busbar Protection RF

The document discusses busbar protection in electrical substations. It describes the drawbacks of not having busbar protection, such as slow fault clearance times, and the benefits of busbar protection like fast fault clearance. Various methods of providing busbar protection are presented, including frame leakage protection, blocking schemes, and high impedance differential protection. Frame leakage and blocking schemes are described in more detail.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Pillai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 63

Busbar Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application


1 05/02/03
08/02 Rev. A JM, September 2004 1
Without Busbar Protection

F1 F2

Argues
z There are fewer faults on busbars than on other parts of the
power system.
z No risk of dislocation of system due to accidental operation of
busbar protection.

2 05/02/03
08/02 2
Without Busbar Protection

F1 F2

Drawbacks
z Slow fault clearance.
Busbar faults at F1 and F2 are cleared by remote time
delayed protection on circuits feeding the faults:
Time Delayed Overcurrent or
Time Delayed Distance Protection
3 05/02/03
08/02 3
With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR
ZONE

F1

z Fast clearance by breakers at the busbars

4 05/02/03
08/02 4
With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR
ZONE

F1 F2

z Where busbars are sectionalised,


Protection can limit the amount of system
disruption for a busbar fault

5 05/02/03
08/02 5
With Busbar Protection

1/2
SS SS SS
1 87BB 2 3
87BB

21 21

6 05/02/03
08/02 6
With Busbar Protection

2/2

87BB
87BB

21 21

7 05/02/03
08/02 7
With No Busbar Protection

1/2

21 21 21

21 21

8 05/02/03
08/02 8
With No Busbar Protection

2/2

21 21 21

21 21

9 05/02/03
08/02 9
With Busbar protection

87BB
87BB

21 21

With No Busbar protection

21 21 21

21 21

1005/02/03
08/02 10
Busbar Faults Are Usually Permanent

Causes of Busbar Faults :


z Falling debris

z Insulation failures
z Circuit breaker failures
z Current transformer failures
z Isolators switchs operated on load or outside their ratings
z Safety earths left connected

Therefore :
Circuit breakers should be tripped and locked out by busbar
protection

1105/02/03
08/02 11
Busbar Protection must be :

z RELIABLE
– Failure to trip could cause widespread damage to the substation

z STABLE
– False tripping can cause widespread interruption of supplies to
customers / possible power system instability
z DISCRIMINATING
– Should trip the minimum number of breakers to clear the fault
z FAST
– To limit damage and possible power system instability

1205/02/03
08/02 12
Methods of Providing Busbar Protection
z Frame to Earth (Leakage) Protection

>I

Insulation

z Blocking Scheme Protection


>I >I >I >I >I

z Differential Protection : High Impedance


Low Impedance

1305/02/03
08/02 13
Frame Leakage Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application


1405/02/03
08/02 Rev. A JM, September 2004 14
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

Insulation

1505/02/03
08/02 15
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

1605/02/03
08/02 16
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

1705/02/03
08/02 17
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I >I

1805/02/03
08/02 18
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

z Can detect only earth faults

z Switchgear must be insulated from earth (by standing on


concrete plinth)

z Only one single earth conductor allowed on switchgear

z All cable glands must be insulated

z Switchgear sections must be insulated

1905/02/03
08/02 19
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection
Neutral Check

False Operation
because induced
loop

>I

>I

No operation
prevents from
2005/02/03
08/02 false trip 20
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Neutral Check

>I

>I

2105/02/03
08/02 21
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Neutral Check

>I

>I

2205/02/03
08/02 22
Blocking Scheme Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application


2305/02/03
08/02 Rev. A JM, September 2004 23
Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

2405/02/03
08/02 24
Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

2505/02/03
08/02 25
Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

2605/02/03
08/02 26
High Impedance Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application


2705/02/03
08/02 Rev. A JM, September 2004 27
Single Bus Substation

2805/02/03
08/02 28
Single Bus Substation

P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1

P2 S2 P2 S2 P2 S2

2905/02/03
08/02 29
Single Bus Substation

3005/02/03
08/02 30
Single Bus Substation

3105/02/03
08/02 31
Single Bus Substation

3205/02/03
08/02 32
Double Bus Substation

3305/02/03
08/02 33
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

P1 S1

P2 S2

P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P2 S2

P2 S2 P2 S2 P2 S2 P1 S1

a Current
b

3405/02/03
08/02 34
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

Current
a
b

3505/02/03
08/02 35
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

3605/02/03
08/02 36
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

Current
a
b

3705/02/03
08/02 37
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

3805/02/03
08/02 38
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

3905/02/03
08/02 39
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Tripping switching
Bus A

Bus B

Tripping a
b
a
Current b

4005/02/03
08/02 40
Interposing CT are not acceptable

z Main CT must be identical

z Current switching via auxilliary relay is not acceptable.

Requirement of number of position contact (Disconnector


switch) is high

4105/02/03
08/02 41
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4205/02/03
08/02 42
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A Bus A

Bus B Bus B

a a
Current b Current b

4305/02/03
08/02 43
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4405/02/03
08/02 44
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4505/02/03
08/02 45
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4605/02/03
08/02 46
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4705/02/03
08/02 47
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

Current a
b

4805/02/03
08/02 48
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer

Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

4905/02/03
08/02 49
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer

Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

5005/02/03
08/02 50
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Zone A
Zone B

5105/02/03
08/02 51
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Current
switching
failure

Zone A
Zone B

False
Tripping

5205/02/03
08/02 52
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Zone A
Zone B

Check
Zone
5305/02/03
08/02 53
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Zone A
Zone B

5405/02/03
08/02 54
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Check
Zone
5505/02/03
08/02 55
One Breaker and a Half
Substation

5605/02/03
08/02 56
S1 P1

S2 P2
Bus A Bus
B
P1 P2 P2 P1

S1 S2 S2 S1

5705/02/03
08/02 57
Bus A Bus
B

5805/02/03
08/02 58
Bus A Bus
B

5905/02/03
08/02 59
Bus A Bus
B

6005/02/03
08/02 60
Bus A Bus
B

6105/02/03
08/02 61
Bus A Bus
B

6205/02/03
08/02 62
Bus A Bus
B
P1 P2 P2 P1

S1 S2 S2 S1

P1 P2 P2 P1

S1 S2 S2 S1

6305/02/03
08/02 63

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