General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

CHAPTER 3:
GENERAL REHABILITATION DESIGN GUIDELINES
INTRODUCTION IN THIS CHAPTER:
The following design guidelines are for use by property
owners of older buildings when considering rehabilitation • Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
projects. They can also be used by property owners and • 1.0 Treatment of Character-Defining Features . . 48
their architects when developing designs for alterations • 2.0 Original Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
to, and strategies for rehabilitation or repair of historic • 3.0 Porches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
houses, and/or their features. The Historic Preservation • 4.0 Windows & Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Commission will use these guidelines, along with other • 5.0 Roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
adopted criteria for approval as outlined in the Historic • 6.0 Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
• 7.0 Dormers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Preservation Commission’s adopted Rules, Guidelines,
• 8.0 Skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
and Procedures, in formal reviews of proposed changes • 9.0 Solar Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
to designated historic properties. • 10.0 Landscaping & Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
• 11.0 Driveways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
These general rehabilitation design guidelines address • 12.0 Fences & Site Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
issues associated with the preservation of historic • 13.0 Retaining Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
buildings and their setting. They include the best methods • 14.0 Accessory Structures & Outbuildings . . . . 78
of preserving original materials, the sensitive treatment • 15.0 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
of character-defining features and how to deal with other • 16.0 Storefronts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
important building elements, such as porches and the
arrangement of windows.
Rehabilitation
Maintaining and repairing an original building, and its The act or process of making possible a compatible use
component features, is the desired preservation objective for a property through repair, alterations, and additions
while preserving those portions or features which
and method. In cases when repair of historic features is
convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.
not an option, the next best step in preserving a building’s
historical integrity is to reconstruct the damaged or The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the
missing building element. Treatment of Historic Properties

Designing a new feature is appropriate in some

circumstances but should be the last option. Historic
evidence should be referenced in the design of a new
feature. Ideally, photographic evidence exists that helps
reconstruct the missing element. When photographs are
not available, examining the building’s architectural style
to create a simplified interpretation may be appropriate.
The evidence should be used to create a plan for
reconstruction that will be evaluated by county staff and
the HPC. The plan should include all details, materials
and finishes proposed for the reconstruction.

This hierarchy of steps is aimed at preserving the

historical character of the building and should be
followed whenever possible.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

In-kind Replacement 1.0 TREATMENT OF

In-kind replacement requires that the new feature
exactly match the old in design, color, texture, and CHARACTER-DEFINING
materials. Reference Appendix page APP-1 for the
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation FEATURES
#6. Historic features contribute to the character of a structure
and are referred to as character-defining features. They
should be preserved when feasible, with continued
maintenance as the best preservation method.
In some cases, original architectural details may be
deteriorated. Horizontal surfaces, such as chimney caps
and window sills, are likely to show the most deterioration
because they are more exposed to weather. When
deterioration occurs, repair the material and any other
related problems. It is also important to recognize that
all details weather over time and that a scarred finish does
not represent an inferior material, but simply reflects the
age of the building. Therefore, preserving and repairing
original materials and features that show signs of wear is
preferred to replacing them.
While restoration of the original feature is the preferred
Guideline 1.1: A column bracket and associated moldings are character- alternative, in-kind replacement may be an option in
defining features and should not be altered or removed. certain circumstances. In the event replacement is
necessary, the new material should match that being
replaced in design, color, texture and other visual qualities.
Replacement should occur only if the existing historic
material is beyond repair. In those limited situations where
the use of original materials is not feasible, appropriate
substitute materials closely resembling the design, color,
texture and other visual qualities of the original may be
considered.

Design Objective
Preserve historic architectural features and
details.
1.1 Maintain significant stylistic and architectural
features.
• Do not remove or alter architectural details that are
in good condition or that can be repaired.
• The best preservation procedure is to maintain
historic features from the outset so that intervention
is not required. Employ preventive measures such
as rust removal, caulking, limited paint removal and
reapplication of paint. These should not harm the
historic materials.
Guideline 1.1: The wrap around front porch, uniquely designed • Porches, turned columns, brackets, exposed rafter
balustrade, post brackets, and ornate barge board are all character-defining
tails and jigsaw ornaments, if historic, are examples
features of this structure that should be preserved.
of architectural features that should not be removed
or altered.

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 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

YES
1.2 Avoid adding unoriginal elements or details to the
building.
• For example, decorative millwork or shingles should
not be added to a building if they were not original
to the structure.

1.3 Protect architectural details from moisture

accumulation that may cause damage.
• Regularly check details that have surfaces which can
hold moisture for long periods of time.
Guideline 1.4: Repair masonry or wood features by patching or piecing-in
new elements that match the original.
Design Objective
Deteriorated architectural details should be
repaired rather than replaced. YES
1.4 Repair only those features that are deteriorated.
• Patch, piece-in, splice, consolidate or otherwise
upgrade existing materials, using recognized
preservation methods.
• Isolated areas of damage may be stabilized or fixed
using consolidants. Epoxies and resins may be
considered for wood repair, for example.
• Removing damaged features that can be repaired is
not appropriate.
• Protect features that are adjacent to the area being
worked on.

1.5 When disassembly of a historic element is necessary

for its restoration, use methods that minimize
damage to the original materials.
• When temporary removal of a historic feature is
required during restoration, document its location
so it may be repositioned accurately. Always devise
methods of re-installing disassembled details in their
original configuration.

1.6 Use technical procedures for cleaning, refinishing Guideline 1.4: It is appropriate to repair deteriorated building materials
and repairing architectural details that will maintain by patching, piecing-in, consolidating or otherwise reinforcing them.
the original finish. (Sacramento ,CA)
• When choosing preservation treatments, use the
gentlest means possible that will achieve the desired
results.
• Employ treatments such as rust removal, caulking,
limited paint removal and reapplication of paint or
stain.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
YES
Before
Replace historic features in-kind when
restoration is not an option.
1.7 Replacement of a missing or deteriorated
architectural element should be accurate.
• The design should be substantiated by physical or
pictorial evidence to avoid creating a misrepresentation
of the building’s history.
• Use the same kind of material as the original. When
use of the original material is not feasible, use of
a substitute material may be acceptable on a case-
After by-case basis if the size, shape, texture and finish
convey the visual appearance of the original.

1.8 When reconstruction of an element is impossible,

use a simplified interpretation of the original.
• This approach is appropriate when inadequate
information exists to allow for an accurate
reconstruction of the original.
• The new element should be similar to comparable
features in general size, shape, texture, material and
finish.

Guideline 1.7: It is appropriate to replicate an original feature if it has

deteriorated beyond repair.

Guideline 1.8: It is appropriate to reconstruct a missing architectural

element. In this case the missing bracket can be reconstructed based on
the existing bracket.

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 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

2.0 ORIGINAL MATERIALS

In Montgomery County, the predominant materials
used to clad historic buildings included wood lap siding,
shingles, brick, plaster, stucco and stone. Historic building
materials and craftsmanship add textural qualities as well
as visual continuity and character to the streetscape and
should be preserved.

Non historic materials, such as aluminum, vinyl, fiber-

cement board or siding, and other synthetic materials
are not appropriate for historic structures. However,
these materials may be acceptable for additions,
new construction or accessory structures in certain
circumstances.

Design Objective
Preserve primary historic building materials
whenever feasible. Wood shingles were commonly utilized on historic houses in Montgomery
County. (Chevy Chase Village, MD)
2.1 Retain and preserve original wall and siding
materials.
• Avoid removing original materials that are in good
condition or that can be repaired in place. Avoid
replacing a major portion of an exterior wall that
could be repaired. Reconstruction may result in a
building that has lost its integrity, and may cause
maintenance problems in the future.
• In many cases, original building materials may
not be damaged beyond repair and do not require
replacement. Cleaning, repainting or restaining,
ensuring proper drainage and keeping the material
clean may be all that is necessary. Stone Brick Plaster/Stucco
• Painting or staining wood surfaces is
recommended.

2.2 Do not cover or obscure original facade

materials.
• Covering of original facades not only conceals
interesting details, but also interrupts the visual
continuity along the street.
• Avoid covering historic materials. Introduction of
any material or siding - such as vinyl, aluminum,
fiber cement board, trex, stucco, imitation brick or
other synthetic material and even wood—to cover
Wood Shingle
historic materials is inappropriate.
Typical historical building materials in Montgomery County.

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2.3 If a non-historic material covers original siding,

Repointing Bricks
then its removal is encouraged.
National Park Service Preservation Brief #2 provides
guidance on repointing historic brick buildings. Reference
• In an inconspicuous place, sample below the
Appendix page APP-2 for more information. replacement siding to confirm the existence and
possible condition of the historic material.
• In many cases, the original siding may exist and can
NO •
be repaired.
In some cases, the original siding may have been
damaged to an extent that would render it non-
feasible to repair, and replacement in-kind may be
required.
• In other cases, the application of non-historic siding
over the historic cladding may be causing moisture
damage. Removal of the non-historic siding may
be warranted for building maintenance.

2.4 Preserve masonry features that define the overall

Guideline 2.6: Repoint only those mortar joints where there is evidence historic character of the building.
of moisture problems or when sufficient mortar is missing. • Examples are walls, porch piers and foundations.
• Brick or stone which was not painted historically
should not be painted.
YES
2.5 Preserve the original mortar joint and masonry unit
size, the tooling and bonding patterns, coatings and
color, when feasible.
• Original mortar, in good condition, should be
preserved in place.

2.6 Repoint those mortar joints where there is evidence

of moisture problems or when sufficient mortar is
missing.
Guideline 2.7: Protect wood siding and other wood surfaces with a • Duplicate the old mortar in strength, composition,
stain or paint. color, texture and joint width and profile.

2.7 Maintain protective coatings to retard drying and

ultraviolet damage.
• If the building was painted historically, it should
remain painted, including all trim. If the building
was stained historically, it should remain stained.

2.8 Plan repainting carefully.

• Good surface preparation is key.
• The complete removal of old paint, by the gentlest
means possible, should be undertaken only if
necessary to the success of the repainting.
• Prepare a good substrate (primer) and use compatible
paints or stains. Some latex paints will not bond well
to earlier oil-based paints without a primer coat.

Guideline 2.7: If the building was painted historically, it should remain

painted, including all trim.

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Design Objective Substitute Materials

Original materials that have deteriorated National Park Service Preservation Brief #16 provides
over time should be repaired rather than guidance on the use of substitute materials. Reference
Appendix page APP-2 for more information.
replaced.
2.9 Repair deteriorated, primary building materials by
patching, piecing-in, consolidating or otherwise
NO
reinforcing them.
• Avoid the removal of damaged materials that can
be repaired.
• Use the gentlest means possible to clean a structure.
Perform a test patch to determine that the cleaning
method will cause no damage to the material’s
surface. Many procedures, such as sandblasting and
pressure washing, can actually result in accelerated
deterioration or damage materials beyond repair.
• Use technical procedures for removal of hazardous
materials that preserve, clean, refinish or repair
historic materials and finishes. Guideline 2.9: Use the gentlest means possible to clean a structure.
It is inappropriate to sandblast as it is often too harsh and will damage
original materials.
Design Objective
Replace original building materials in-kind
when repair is not an option.
2.10 When replacement is needed, use materials similar
to those employed historically.
• Match the original in composition, scale and finish
when replacing exterior siding. If the original
material is wood clapboard, for example, then the
replacement should be wood as well. It should match
the original in size, the amount of exposed lap and
surface finish.
• If original material is painted, replacement siding
should be painted.
• Do not use synthetic materials, such as aluminum, Guideline 2.9: Repair deteriorated primary building materials by
vinyl siding, fiber-cement board, or other synthetic patching in pieces of wood rather than replacing entire pieces of the
materials, as replacements for primary building material. (Norbeck, MD)
materials.

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3.0 PORCHES
A porch is one of the most important character-defining
elements of a facade, in part because it provides visual
interest to a building. It can influence a facade’s perceived
scale, protect entrances and pedestrians from rain and
provide shade in summer.
Altering or removing an original porch - particularly one
visible from the public right-of-way - is generally not
recommended. Porches in need of maintenance should be
repaired, rather than replaced altogether. This approach is
preferred because the original materials contribute to the
character of both the porch and the historic building.
While replacing an entire porch is discouraged, it may
be appropriate in some cases. For example, a property
owner may wish to reintroduce a porch that was removed
at some point in the past. The first step is to research
the history of the house to determine the appearance
and materials of the original porch. The most important
aspects of a replacement design are its location, scale
and materials. Historical documentation may provide
some indication of the appearance of the historic porch,
which should guide the design of the reconstruction. If
no historical documentation is available, it is appropriate
to turn to other source materials, such as a porch on a
similar style house. In this case, the new porch details
Guideline 3.1: Original porches should be preserved. (Chevy Chase should be compatible with the style of the house, and
Village, MD) generally simplified.

Brackets
Pilaster
Post/Column

Top Rail

Balustrade Bottom Rail

Decking Newel Post

Skirting Riser

Stringer Tread

Typical porch elements in Montgomery County.

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Design Objective Preserving Historic Wooden Porches

Preserve a porch in its original condition National Park Service Preservation Brief #45 provides
and form. guidance on the preservation of historic wooden
porches. Reference Appendix page APP-4 for more
3.1 Maintain an original porch, when feasible. information.
• Do not remove an original porch from a building.
• Maintain the existing location, shape, details and
structural elements (such as piers, columns, or posts)
of the porch.
• Missing or deteriorated decorative elements should
be replaced to match existing elements (e.g., match
the original proportions and spacing of balusters
when replacing missing ones).
• Avoid using a porch support that would be
substantially smaller than other supports on the
porch or than that seen historically.
3.2 Enclosing a porch with opaque materials that
destroy the openness and transparency of the porch Guideline 3.1: Do not remove an original porch. (Pleasant Fields,
is inappropriate. MD)
• Where a porch must be enclosed, use transparent
materials (such as glass) and place them behind
the balusters and balustrade to preserve the visual
character of the porch.

Design Objective
Repair a deteriorated porch instead of
removing or replacing it.
3.3 Repair those elements of a porch that are
deteriorated.
• Removing damaged materials that can be repaired
is inappropriate.

3.4 Consider restoring an altered porch back to its

original design and configuration. Guideline 3.4: Consider restoring an altered porch back to its original
• If the historic design of the porch is unknown, then design and configuration. In this case, the enclosed porch would once again
base the design of the restoration on other traditional be open.
porches of a similar architectural style.
• For example, if the original wood porch steps have
been replaced with concrete, consider restoring them
to their original, wood condition.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
Replace a missing porch with one that
appears similar to that seen historically.
3.5 When porch replacement is necessary, it should be
similar in character, design, scale and materials to
those seen traditionally.
• The size of a porch should relate to the overall scale
of the primary structure to which it is attached.
• Base the replacement design on historical
documentation if available.
• Where no evidence of the historic porch exists, a new
Existing Condition: Craftsman style house with an altered enclosed
one may be considered that is similar in character
porch.
to those found on a similar architectural style.

3.6 A porch should use materials similar to those seen

historically.
• Wood decking (most often tongue and groove),
steps, balustrades and brick or stone piers or wood
porch supports were most common.
• Synthetic materials, used for columns, flooring, or
railings, are generally not appropriate, particularly
for porches visible from the public right-of-way.
• Do not replace a wood porch decking and steps with
concrete or synthetic materials.

Preferred Approach, when historical documentation is available:

Craftsman style house with a replacement porch designed similar to that
seen historically. Historic documentation may include historical photographs
or detailed sketches of the original porch.

Acceptable Approach, when historical documentation is not

available: Craftsman style house with a simplified interpretation of a
traditional porch design. A simplified porch design may be based off a
similar house of the same Craftsman style in the area.

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4.0 WINDOWS & DOORS Window Sash

Windows and doors are some of the most important A window sash is a framework of operable or fixed
character-defining features of a structure. They give scale panels or “sashes.” These form a frame to hold window
to buildings and provide visual interest to the composition panes together which are often separated from other
of individual facades. These features are sometimes inset one another by muntins. Reference the sketch below
into relatively deep openings in a building wall or they for a typical window sash arrangement
may have surrounding casings and sash components that
have substantial dimensions. They often cast shadows that
contribute to the character of the building.

The replacement of historic windows or doors represents Wall Head

the loss of character-defining historic features, and as such
should not be undertaken. First, consider the repair of
deteriorated windows or doors instead of replacement. Muntin Stile
Many repaired historic windows and doors will have a
longer life span and be more durable than replacements.
Older windows and doors typically were built with well Glazing Stops
seasoned wood from stronger, durable, more weather
resistant old growth forests; many current wood windows
and doors are constructed of new growth, kiln dried Jamb
wood, which is much less durable, or of generally
inappropriate synthetic materials.
Casing
Shutters are important parts of windows and they Rail
should be preserved and maintained. Their removal is
inappropriate, as well.
Sill

Energy Conservation
A common misperception is that older windows are Typical double-hung sash window components in Montgomery County.
energy inefficient and contribute to uncomfortable rooms
and increased heating costs in the winter. In fact, properly
weather-stripped and caulked historic windows with a
storm window perform approximately as well as modern,
double-glazed windows and sometimes even better. Most
heat loss is associated with air leakage through gaps in
windows rather than loss of energy through the historic
windows.

The most cost-effective energy conservation measures for

most historic windows are to replace glazing compound,
repair wood members and install weather stripping. These
steps will dramatically reduce heat loss while preserving
historic features.

If additional energy savings is a concern, consider

installing an exterior storm window. It should match
the historic window divisions such that the exterior
appearance of the original window is not altered. Guideline 4.2: Preserve the functional and decorative features of a
door.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
YES NO NO YES
Preserve the size and shape of windows and
doors because they significantly affect the
character of a structure.
4.1 Preserve the functional and decorative features of
original windows and doors.
• Repair frames, sashes, and shutters by patching,
Maintain original window and door proportions. splicing or reinforcing.
• Use original windows, doors and their hardware
when they can be repaired and reused in place.
• Ornamental and structural details, such as lintels and
window hoods, should be preserved and repaired.

4.2 Maintain original window and door proportions.

• Altering the original size and shape is
inappropriate.
• Reducing the size of an original opening to
Diamond accommodate a smaller window is inappropriate.
Double-Hung Craftsman
Pattern • Restoring original openings which have been altered
is encouraged.

4.3 Maintain the historic window arrangement and

solid-to-void ratio.
Six over one • Large surfaces of glass are generally inappropriate
double hung on historic structures.
• Where large areas of glass are necessary, consider
placing them on secondary facades. Also, divide
Two over one Two over two Nine over one them into several smaller windows that are in scale
double hung double hung double hung with those seen traditionally.

YES NO

Fixed/Double-Hung
with Sidelights Casement

Typical window types on historic buildings in Montgomery County historic Guideline 4.3: Preserve the historic ratio of window openings to solid
districts. wall on a primary facade.

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Design Objective Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Repair a deteriorated window or door instead National Park Service Preservation Brief #9
of replacing it or enclosing the opening. provides guidance on repairing historic wooden
windows. Reference Appendix page APP-2 for more
information.
4.4 Repair wooden window and door components by
patching, piecing-in, consolidating or otherwise
reinforcing the wood.
• Avoid the removal of damaged wood that can be
repaired.
• Remove built-up paint on both the interior and
exterior surfaces.
• Disassemble sash components and repair or stabilize
the wood.
• Re-glazing, or replacement of the putty that holds
in glazing, may also be necessary. Door with Paneled Paneled Half Glass
• Repair and refinish the frame as needed. transom and Door with
Door Door
• Replace broken sash cords with new cords or sidelights glass panes
chains.
• Repair and repaint window shutters.
• Install weather-stripping.
• Repaint the wooden members of the repaired and
reassembled window or door.

4.5 Do not add new window or door openings on

character-defining facades.
• This is especially important on primary facades.
• Greater flexibility in installing new windows or doors
may be considered on secondary elevations. Colonial Revival Period Revival Craftsman
Door Door Door
4.6 If security is a concern, consider using wire glass,
Typical primary door types seen on historic structures in Montgomery
tempered glass or light metal security bars.
County historic districts.
• These should be installed on the interior of the
window or door whenever feasible.
• The use of heavy grade steel bars is inappropriate.

Guideline 4.3: Maintain the historic window arrangement including

the flanking shutters.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
True-Divided Light (TDL)
Window construction in which multiple individual panes Replace a window or door that is damaged
are assembled in the sash using muntins. beyond repair with one similar to that seen
Simulated-Divided Light (SDL) historically.
Window construction in which muntins are fixed to
the inside and outside of the glass pane to simulate 4.7 When window or door replacement is necessary,
the look of true divided light. Snap-in muntins or match the replacement to the original design as
muntins “sandwiched” between panes of glass are closely as possible.
inappropriate. • In most cases, wood, true-divided light (TDL)
windows are recommended. In limited situations,
wood, simulated-divided light (SDL) windows,
Individual undivided lights windows, or non-wood windows
window panes may be appropriate. Reference the table on page 62
for guidance.
• Replacement windows and doors that do not reflect
the character of the building are inappropriate.
• If the original window is double-hung, then the
replacement should also be double-hung. Match
the replacement also in the number, dimension and
position of glass panes.
• Match, as closely as possible, the profile of the
sash and its components to that of the original
window.
• Preserve the original casing.
• Consider using a salvaged historic door or window
as a replacement.

4.8 A new opening should be similar in location, size

and type to those seen traditionally.
• Windows should be simple in shape, arrangement and
A true divided light (TDL) has individual window panes separated by detail. Unusually shaped windows, such as triangles
muntins. and trapezoids, are inappropriate.

4.9 New windows and doors should be finished with

functional and decorative features similar to those
used traditionally.
• This trim should have a dimension similar to that
used historically.
• Shutters should have similar dimensions to that used
historically. Shutters should generally be made of
wood and appear operable.

4.10 When their use is appropriate, SDL windows

should have muntins that are permanently bonded
to the interior and exterior of the insulating glass
to simulate the appearance of TDLs.
• TDL windows are preferred.
• Fake wooden muntins should create a similar effect
as TDLs.
Muntins on historic structures are typically wood.

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Appropriate Actions for Windows Interior muntin

The table on the following page details the appropriate
action for historic windows and new windows on historic
resources, new additions, historic accessory structures,
and non-historic accessory structures. The table also
identifies the proper action for particular resource types,
including a Master Plan Site, Outstanding, Contributing,
or Non-Contributing resources. Additionally, best practice
for windows on primary and secondary elevations is
detailed.

Secondary elevation

Primary elevation
Window
pane
Exterior
muntin

Simulated-divided light windows have a single window pane “sandwiched”

between muntins. In certain cases, fixed muntins attached to the inside
and outside of a window are appropriate.

Secondary elevations

Determining an appropriate action may depend on the elevation of the

window(s) under review and whether or not it is visible from the public
right of way.

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Accessory
Resource Historic Resource Historic Resource Accessory Structures: Non
Category with Historic with Non-Historic Structures/Out Historic or New
Window Windows New Additions Buildings: Historic Construction
Master Primary Elevation: Primary Elevation: Visible from Public With historic Wood SDL
Plan Site Repair historic Wood TDL Right of Way windows: appropriate for
windows; if appropriate for (PRW): Repair historic resource type/style
beyond repair, resource type/style Wood TDL windows; if
wood TDL appropriate for beyond repair,
resource type/style wood TDL
Secondary Secondary Not visible from Nonhistoric
Elevation: Elevation: PRW: Wood SDL Windows:
Repair historic Wood TDL appropriate for Wood SDL
windows; if appropriate for resource type/style appropriate for
beyond repair, resource type/style resource type/style
wood TDL
Outstanding Primary Elevation: Primary Elevation: Visible from Public With historic Wood SDL
Repair historic Wood TDL Right of Way windows: Repair appropriate for
windows; if appropriate for (PRW): historic windows; resource type/style
beyond repair, resource type/style Wood TDL if beyond repair,
wood TDL appropriate for wood TDL
resource type/style
Secondary Secondary Not visible from Nonhistoric
Elevation: Elevation: PRW: Windows:
Repair historic Wood TDL Wood SDL Wood SDL
windows; if appropriate for appropriate for appropriate for
beyond repair, resource type/style resource type/style resource type/style
wood TDL
Contributing Primary Elevation: Primary Elevation: Visible from Public With historic Wood SDL
Repair historic Wood SDL Right of Way windows: Wood appropriate for
windows; if appropriate for (PRW): Wood SDL SDL appropriate resource type/style
beyond repair, resource type/style appropriate for for resource type/
wood TDL resource type/style style
Secondary Secondary Not visible from Nonhistoric
Elevation: Elevation: PRW: Wood SDL Windows:
Repair historic Wood SDL appropriate for Wood SDL
windows; if appropriate for resource type/style appropriate for
beyond repair, resource type/style resource type/style
wood TDL
Non No restrictions for primary or secondary elevations No restrictions on existing nonhistoric
Contributing or new accessory structures, whether
they be visible or not visible from PRW
Infill/New Primary structure: Wood SDL appropriate for resource type/ Accessory Structures: Wood SDL
Construction style appropriate for type/style
on Master Plan
Site or District
These are minimum standards. The majority of projects subject to HPC review involve light wood frame construction, which traditionally had wood
windows. The window guidance above is specific to these types of resources. Other types of resources may traditionally have used windows constructed
of materials other than wood, and in those cases the use of other window materials may be appropriate. Contact County staff for interpretation of
rating a Resource Category.

• TDL: True Divided Light

• SDL: Simulated Divided Light

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5.0 ROOFS Roofing for Historic Buildings

Although the function of a roof is to protect a building National Park Service Preservation Briefs #4, #19,
from the elements, it also contributes to the overall #29, and #30 provide guidance on roofing for historic
character of the building. The roof is a defining feature buildings. Reference Appendix pages APP-2 and 3 for
for most historic structures. When repeated along the more information.
street or within a group of buildings, the repetition
of similar roof forms contributes to a sense of visual
continuity. In each case, the roof pitch, its materials, size
and orientation are all distinct features that contribute
to the character of a roof. Gabled and hip forms occur
most frequently, although shed and flat roofs appear on
some building types.

A variety of roof materials exist. Roof materials are

Gabled roof Clipped Gable roof
major elements in the street scene and contribute to the
character of individual building styles. However, they are
susceptible to deterioration, and their replacement may
become necessary.

Traditional roof materials include slate, wood shingle,

standing seam metal, and tiles (and for any 20th century
resources, asphalt shingles). The use of traditional Cross-Gabled
materials is recommended, as often the higher initial
Hipped roof
cost of these materials will be offset by the longevity and
durability of the material.

Design Objective
Preserve the original form and scale of a
roof.
5.1 Preserve the original roof form of a historic Gambrel roof Shed roof
structure.
• Most roof forms are pitched, such as gable, hipped,
mansard and gambrel roofs.
• Avoid altering the angle of a historic roof. Instead,
maintain the perceived line and orientation of the
roof as seen from the street.
• Retain and repair roof detailing.
Flat roof Mansard roof
5.2 Regular maintenance and cleaning is the best way
to keep a roof in good shape.
• Look for breaks or holes in the roof surface and Typical roof forms found in Montgomery County historic districts.
check the flashing for open seams.
• Watch for vegetation, such as moss and grass, which
indicates accumulated dirt and retained moisture.
• Often, repairing a basically sound roof can be much
less expensive than a complete replacement.

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General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

5.3 Preserve the original eave depth of a historic roof.

• The shadows created by traditional overhangs
contribute to one’s perception of the building’s
historic character and scale.
• Cutting back roof rafters and soffits or in other
ways altering the traditional roof overhang is
inappropriate.
• Boxing in exposed roof rafters is inappropriate.

Design Objective
Use roof materials in a manner similar to
that seen historically.
Guideline 5.3: Preserve the original eave depth of a historic roof.
5.4 Preserve original roof materials.
• Avoid removing roof material that is in good
condition. Replace it with similar material only when
necessary.

5.5 Replacement roof materials for a historic house

should convey a scale and texture similar to those
used traditionally.
• Replacement in-kind is encouraged. A roof
replacement material should be in keeping with
the original architectural style of the structure.
• New roof materials should match the original in
scale, color and texture as closely as possible.
A metal seam roof is a traditional roof material and should be preserved
and maintained. (Walterboro, SC)

Slate is traditional material used on roofs in Montgomery County. (Chevy

Chase Village, MD)

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6.0 CHIMNEYS
The chimney is an important element of many historic
buildings. The size and materials of a chimney, most often
brick or stone, should be maintained. The orientation
and placement of the chimney on the building, whether
interior or exterior, at a gable end or center of a building,
should be preserved.

Design Objective
Preserve the original form, orientation, and
placement of a chimney.
6.1 Preserve an original chimney.
• Maintain, repair and repoint a chimney as
required. Guideline 6.1: Chimneys are important elements of a building and
• Retain the original height, details, profile and materials should be preserved. (Chevy Chase Village, MD)
of a chimney.
• Avoid removing chimney materials that are in good
conditions. Replace with similar materials only
when necessary.

Design Objective
Use chimney materials in a manner similar
to that seen historically.
6.2 Replacement chimney materials should convey a
similar scale and texture.
• A chimney replacement should be in keeping with
the original architectural style of the structure.
• New chimney material should match the original in
scale, color, and texture as closely as possible.

Guideline 6.1: Retain the original height, details profile and materials
of the chimney. (Glenwood Springs, CO)

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Large Dormers 7.0 DORMERS

Dormers are typically added to a structure to increase Dormers may be an appropriate way to add habitable square
the amount of headroom in upper floors. They are footage to attic or upper level spaces. Dormers should be
traditionally designed as small elements. If significant designed to be in character with the structure.
increase in space is desired, do not consider oversized
dormers. Rather, develop an addition to the rear of a
structure. Design Objective
A new dormer should not adversely affect
the historic character of the structure.
Before
7.1 A new dormer should be in character with the
design of the primary structure.
• The style of the dormer should match the style and
character of the primary structure.
• A dormer should be subordinate to the overall roof
mass and should be in scale with those on similar
historic structures.
• The number and size of dormers should not visually
overwhelm the scale of the primary structure.
• The dormer should be located below the ridge line
of the primary structure.
• Locating a dormer on a side or rear of a building’s
After roof is preferred.
NO

Gabled

YES
After

Hipped

Guideline 7.1: The number and size of new dormers should not
overwhelm the historic building as they do in the middle sketch. Placement Gabled dormers are appropriate for most architectural styles while hipped
of dormers on the rear or side roof slopes is preferred. dormers are appropriate for only some architectural styles.

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8.0 SKYLIGHTS NO
Skylights can provide light to interior spaces that normally
do not receive natural light. Skylights should be installed
on the rear or sides of the roof and not be visible from
the public right-of-way. Inserting a skylight into original
roofs, especially those made of slate, is discouraged.

Design Objective
Minimize the visual impacts of skylights Rear Yard
from the public right-of-way.
8.1 Design a skylight to avoid negative impacts on
Guideline 8.1: Bubbled and domed skylights are inappropriate.
the historic character of a structure.
• Skylights should not interrupt the lines of a
historic roof plane. They should be lower than the YES
ridgeline.
• Flat skylights that are flush with the roof plane may
be considered on the rear and sides of the roof.
• Locating a new skylight on a front roof plane should
be avoided.
• Bubbled or domed skylights are inappropriate.
• Skylights will be reviewed on a case by case basis.
Rear Yard
Ridgeline

Guideline 8.1: Flat skylights flush with the roof plane may be considered
on side and rear roof planes.

Guideline 8.1: Skylights should not interrupt the lines of the

historic roof plane. They should be lower than the ridgeline.

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Appropriate location for solar panels 9.0 SOLAR PANELS

Solar panels should be located in unobtrusive places.
If it is necessary to mount solar panels on a historic
building, rather than elsewhere on the site, it is essential
that the panels are installed such that they do not change
the character of the building. If solar panels are placed
on a roof they should be designed and positioned to
have a minimal effect on the character of the structure.
Placement should only be considered on rear facing roof
planes of the primary structure.

Appropriate location for solar panels Design Objective

Solar panels should not adversely affect the
historic character of the structure to which
they are being added.
9.1 Reduce the visual impacts of solar panels as seen
from the public right-of-way.
• Locate the solar panels away from public view when
Guideline 9.1: Solar panels should be located to the side or rear roof feasible.
planes or on a secondary structure (all gray surfaces). • Solar panels should be mounted apart from the
building or on secondary structures, such as a shed
or garage, when feasible.
• Solar panels should be located on new construction,
such as a new wing, where possible.
• Locate an attached solar panel in a manner such
that it does not affect the primary roof facade
elevations.
• Location on a primary or street facing roof plane is
inappropriate.
• Where roof mounted, solar panels should be flush
to the extent feasible.
• If not attached to the building, collectors should
be located in side or rear yards. Exposed hardware,
frames and piping should have a matte finish, and
be consistent with the color scheme of the primary
Guideline 9.1: Solar panels should be mounted flush with the roof. structure.
• Panels not attached to the building should be screened
by landscaping to reduce their visibility. However,
screening may diminish the effectiveness of the
collectors to receive sunlight.

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10.0 LANDSCAPING & TREES Tree Technical Manual

Produced by the County, the Tree Technical Manual,
Mature Trees & Shrubs should be referenced for information on native tree
Mature landscaping that is in character with historic site species, planting specifications, tree protection
specifications, and soil data. Reference http://www.mc-
designs in the form of tree cover and shrubbery should
mnppc.org/environment/forest/trees/toc_trees.shtm
be retained. Mature trees and shrubs may be dispersed
throughout front, side, and rear yards of properties. Register of Champion Tree
They act as buffers between properties and often reduce Maintained by the Montgomery County Forest Board
the perceived scale of larger homes. It is also important the Register includes information on location and size
to reference the Tree Technical Manual to determine if of the species champion trees.
a tree is a champion or specimen. Proposals to remove
trees six inches in diameter or greater require HPC review. Champion Tree
Applicants may be required to submit a site plan noting The largest of its specimen within the United States, the
the location and type of all trees with a diameter of six State, County or Municipality, as appropriate.
inches or greater.
Specimen Tree
A tree that is a particularly impressive or unusual
Landscaping example of a species due to its size, shape, age or any
Native and acclimated plant materials significantly other trait that epitomizes the character of the tree.
contribute to the sense of “natural setting” in many of
the historic districts within Montgomery County. While Certified Arborist
most historic plant materials have been replaced over A certified arborist should be consulted to determine
the health of a mature tree or shrub.
time, some specimens do survive, and in other situations,
the traditional planting patterns have been retained, even
if new plants have been installed. Plant materials should
be used to create continuity among buildings, especially
in front yards and along the street edge. Plants should
be selected that are adapted to Montgomery County’s
climate and that are compatible with the historic context.
In most cases, the HPC does not review minimal changes
to the greenscape.

Streetscape
The streetscape contributes to the character of many
historic districts and includes sidewalks, planting strips,
and street trees. Street trees, often placed in the sidewalk
planting strip, create a lush canopy over many streets.
Sidewalk materials and design may vary from district to
district. Materials include concrete, pavers, and bricks
while the sidewalk designs include detached sidewalks
with planting strips to sidewalks that are attached to the
street curb. This variation in materials and design should
be maintained. Landscape materials in the planting strip
should not detract from the historic character of the
district or impede pedestrian or vehicular travel. Often
grass, flowers or small scrubs are placed in the planting Mature trees create a canopy over many of the streets in the community.
strip. This tradition should be continued.

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Design Objective
Preserve mature landscape and trees, and
natural vegetation when feasible.
10.1 Maintain historic trees and shrubs.
• A champion, species, or mature trees should not be
removed unless the tree is dying, dead, diseased or
poses a safety hazard to the residents or public.
• If proposed new construction is adjacent to or within
the drip line of any tree six inches in diameter or
larger, an accurate tree survey must be filed with the
application. The tree survey must indicate the size,
Guideline 10.1: Removal of trees of more than six inches in diameter location, and species of trees.
require a permit and must be reviewed by the HPC. • Removal of trees of more than six inches in diameter
require a permit and must be reviewed by the
Historic Preservation Commission. Other county
and municipal ordinances may also apply.
• If a tree is cut down, at least one replacement tree,
of a similar kind should be replanted in its place,
unless it would damage the house.
• Replacement plant materials should be similar in kind,
size or equivalent massing to the plants removed
(e.g., a cluster of smaller new trees may be used to
establish a massing similar to one large tree).

10.2 Preserve historic landscape features.

• Existing native planting should be preserved in place.
This particularly applies to historically significant
trees, shrubs and garden designs.
• Existing historic landscape should be preserved,
and should be protected during construction
projects.

10.3 Preserve historic streetscape features.

• Street trees should be preserved in place.
• The design and materials of sidewalks should be
preserved.
Guideline 10.1: Mature shrubs should be maintained and preserved. • Landscaping should not detract from the historic
(Chevy Chase Village, MD) character of the street and the property.

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 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

10.4 In new landscape designs, use materials that are

compatible with the historic property and the
neighborhood.
• Minimize the amount of hard surface paving for
patios, terraces, sidewalk planting strips and driveways
in the front yard.
• The tradition of landscaping located along structural
elements (such as foundations, walkways and fences
or walls) should be continued.
• Avoid planting too close to a structure that will
damage architectural features or building foundations.
This also can cause moisture retention against the
structure.

10.5 Consider using plant materials that are adapted to

Montgomery County’s climate if water conservation
is a concern.
• Use native, water conserving, and regionally
appropriate landscaping.
• Group plants together with similar watering
needs.
• The use of an automatic drip or low volume irrigation Sidewalk materials vary in the historic districts of Montgomery
system to water shrubs and trees is encouraged. County.

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Before 11.0 DRIVEWAYS

When parking was originally introduced to most historic
areas, it was an ancillary use and was located to the rear of
a site. This tradition should be continued, and in all cases,
the visual impacts of parking - which includes driveways,
garages, and garage doors - should be minimized.

Design Objective
Historic driveways should be preserved.

Original driveway 11.1 Preserve a historic driveway where it exists.

to the rear of the • The orientation of a driveway on a site should be
property preserved.
• The original driveway design should be preserved.
For example, if the driveway has two paved driving
After NO strips with turf between the strips, when replacement
is needed, a new driveway should take this design.
• The design and layout of bricks or pavers should
be preserved.
• Original materials should be preserved and repaired
when possible.

11.2 Replacement materials should be compatible with

the original.
• For example, bricks replacing damaged ones should
have similar colors and dimensions.

New driveway
in the front yard

Guideline 11.1: It is inappropriate to alter the original orientation of a

driveway. Additionally, large areas of paving are also discouraged as they
cause rain water runoff to the street and adjacent properties.

Guideline 11.1: Historic driveways should be preserved.

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 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
New driveways should have compatible
materials and a minimal square footage.
11.3 Use paving materials that will minimize a driveway’s
impact.
• Decomposed granite, pea gravel, exposed aggregate
concrete, gravel or chip and seal are appropriate
paving materials.
• Consider providing two paved strips with turf
between them instead of a single, wide paved
surface.
• Large areas of paving are inappropriate.
• Plain asphalt or black top is discouraged.
• Use materials that are pervious to water to minimize
rain water runoff into the street or onto adjacent
properties.

11.4 Locate new driveways such that they will minimize

the impact on the historic resource, its environmental
Guideline 11.3: Pervious materials, such as pavers, are appropriate.
setting, and the streetscape.
• New driveways should be sited to the sides or rear
of the primary structure.
• Installing new driveways in front of historic
resources, such as a semi-circular drive, is generally
inappropriate.

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Masonry Site Walls 12.0 FENCES & SITE WALLS

Reference Design Guideline 13.0 Retaining Walls for Fences and site walls may be appropriate for historic
further guidance on masonry brick and stone walls. properties. A fence should have a relatively transparent
character to allow views into yards, while a site wall should
be low in height and step to follow a site’s topography.
Both fences and site walls should maintain the visual
character of the historic setting.

Rear plane Where historic fences and site walls survive, they should
of building be preserved. The height and design of a replacement
fence or wall should be in character with those used
traditionally. Additionally, a fence and site wall should
relate in character to the principal structure on the lot.
For example, a new fence or site wall may be appropriate,
but it is important that it relate to the principle structure
Front plane on the lot.
of building 6’6”
Design Objective
A fence, gate or site wall should be in
character with those used traditionally and
relate to the principal structure on a lot.
4’
12.1 Preserve original fences, gates and site walls.
• Replace only those portions that are deteriorated.
Any replacement materials should match the original
in color, texture, size and finish.
• It is recommended that a historic wood fence or
Guidelines 12.3 & 12.4: A front yard fence should be less then 4’ gate should be protected against the weather with
in height while rear and side yard fences (behind the rear plane of the paint or stain.
building) should be 6’6” or less. • Where no fence exists, keeping the yard open may
be the best approach for a front yard.

12.2 Where a new fence, gate or site wall is needed,

it should be similar in character to those seen
historically.
• A new fence or site wall that defines a front yard
or a side yard on a corner lot is usually low to the
ground.
• A new fence or gate should be “transparent” in
nature, such as picket, and is encouraged.
• Solid privacy fences, forward of the rear plane of a
house, are discouraged.
• The design and materials of a new fence, gate or site
wall should be similar to those used historically.
Guideline 12.2: A fence that defines a front or side yard on a corner • Chain link, plastic, fiberglass, rebar, plywood and
should be low to the ground and transparent in nature.
mesh “construction” fences are inappropriate.

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 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

12.3 Front and side yard fences, gates, and site walls in
front of the rear plane of the building should be
no greater then 4’ in height.

12.4 Side and rear yard fences, gates, and site walls behind
the rear plane of the building should be no greater
then 6’6” in height.
• Consider a gradual increase in fence height from the
front side yard to rear side yard.

12.5 A side yard fence should be set back from the primary
facade of a house.
• Two types of side yard fences were seen traditionally: Guideline 12.4: Consider a gradual increase in fence height from the
a fence that extends between two houses and a fence front side yard to rear side yard. (Walterboro, SC)
that runs between two houses.
• A side yard fence should be set back to provide the
historic sense of open space between homes.
• Consider staggering the fence boards on either
side of the fence rail, or using lattice on the upper
portions of the fence, to give a semi-transparent
quality to the fence.

12.6 A combination of fencing and screening vegetation

may be appropriate.
• Painting or staining a wood fence or gate is
recommended.
• Landscaping should be integrated with the design Guideline 12.4: Rear and side yard fences can be built higher in order
of the fence. to provide the homeowner with greater privacy.

Historic masonry site walls and metal fences should be preserved.

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13.0 RETAINING WALLS

Retaining walls were used throughout Montgomery
County. Many of these walls survive and are often
important character-defining features of individual
properties.

As retaining walls frequently align along the edges

of sidewalks, they help to establish a sense of visual
continuity along many streets. These walls also may have
distinct mortar characteristics. Some joints are deeply
raked, with the mortar recessed, creating strong shadow
lines. Others have mortar that is flush with the stone
surface, while some have a bead that projects beyond
the stone face. The color and finish of the stone, as well
as its mortar style, are distinct features that should be
preserved.

In some cases, the mortar joint has eroded from the

retaining walls. Such walls should be repointed using
a mortar mix that appears similar in color, texture and
Guideline 13.1: Replace only those portions of a retaining wall that design to that of the original. On occasion, some bricks
are deteriorated. or stones are badly deteriorated or may even be missing.
New replacement stones should match the original when
this occurs.

Replacement and new retaining walls should be designed

to match the original or style of the property. The mortar
style and joint should match those seen traditionally in the
historic district and style of the primary structure.

Design Objective
Preserve, maintain, and repair original
retaining walls.
13.1 Preserve original retaining walls.
Guideline 13.1: Retaining walls should be preserved and maintained. • Replace only those portions that are deteriorated.
(Chevy Chase Village, MD) Any replacement materials should match the original
in color, texture, size and finish.
• If repointing a wall is necessary, use a mortar mix
that is similar to that used historically and match the
original joint design.
• Painting a historic masonry wall, or covering
it with stucco or other cementious coatings, is
inappropriate.

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Design Objective
A retaining wall should be stepped, clad,
finished or articulated to reduce its visual
mass and scale.
13.2 Retaining walls should follow the natural
topography and be articulated and finished to
minimize visual impact.
• Use native rock or other masonry that conveys a
sense of scale and blends in with the surrounding
context.
• Where a taller retaining wall is needed, a series of
terraced or stepped walls is preferred.
• Screen retaining walls with landscaping, such as trees
and shrubs. Guideline 13.2: Larger retaining walls should be terraced or stepped
• Concrete retaining walls faced with stone are with the topography and be screened with landscaping.
preferred.

New retaining walls should use traditional materials, such as stone. (Chevy
Chase Village, MD)

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Domestic Accessory Structures 14.0 ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

& Outbuildings. Include:
• Spring houses & OUTBUILDINGS
• Smoke houses Historically, accessory structures and outbuildings
• Wash houses were divided into two types, domestic and agricultural.
• Ice houses Domestic structures were generally smaller in scale and
• Slave quarters included building types such as: spring houses, smoke
• Garages houses, wash houses, ice houses, and slave quarters. Other
• Carriage houses examples include garages, carriage houses, and sheds.
• Sheds
Agricultural structures include English and German bank
• Gazebos
barns, corn cribs, granaries, loafing sheds, and others.
Agricultural Accessory Structures Because accessory structures and outbuildings help
& Outbuildings. Include: interpret how an entire property was used and evolved,
• Bank barns their preservation is strongly encouraged.
• Corn cribs
• Dairy barns Many of the materials and building forms used traditionally
in accessory and outbuildings were employed in the
construction of the primary building. In preserving or
rehabilitating accessory and outbuildings, it is important
that the character-defining materials and building form
be preserved. Most accessory and outbuildings had
rectangular plans and gabled or shed roofs. Bank and
dairy barns often had a gambrel roof form.

When a new accessory building is required it should be

built in the rear yard and follow regulations set out by
Montgomery County and in some cases, the municipality.
The new structure should have a smaller mass and
scale than the primary structure and be constructed of
compatible materials. Additionally, it should be seen as
new, meaning that it should be recognizably modern and
not replicate a historic precedent.

Smokehouses typically have a gabled roof form and simple rectangular Design Objective
building plan. (Rocklands Farm) Retain and restore original or early accessory
structures and outbuildings.
14.1 Preserve historic accessory structures and
outbuildings.
• Respect the character-defining features, such as
the cladding materials, roof materials, roof form,
window and door openings and any architectural
or early construction details of a historic garage,
accessory building or ancillary structures.
• Avoid moving a historic garage or accessory building
from its original location wherever possible.
• Avoid the demolition of historically significant
accessory structures and outbuildings.
Guideline 14.1: Retain and restore original or early accessory structures
and outbuildings.

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Design Objective Historic Barns

New accessory structures and outbuildings National Park Service Preservation Brief #20 provides
should be compatible with the primary guidance on preserving historic barns. Reference
Appendix page APP-3 for more information.
structure on a property.
14.2 New accessory structures and outbuildings should
be compatible with the primary structure.
• New construction should be similar in style but
recognizable as new.
• Architectural details, materials, and style should be
compatible to the primary structure.
• The mass and scale should be in proportion to the
primary structure.
• New accessory structures and outbuildings should be
located in the rear yard and conform to Montgomery
County and municipality zoning and building
regulations.

By the early 19th century bank barns were widely used in central and
upper Montgomery County. These barns are significant and should be
preserved. (Poolesville, MD)

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Appropriate Sign Types 15.0 SIGNS

• Awning or Canopy signs A sign typically serves two functions: first, to attract
• Directory signs attention and second, to convey information. However,
• Projecting signs signs associated with a historic building should not
• Symbol signs detract attention from the important design features of
• Window signs the building. All new signs should be developed with
the overall context of the building and historic district
Historic Signs in mind, and in accordance with county and municipal
National Park Service Preservation Brief #25 provides ordinances and regulations. Signs should be constructed
guidance on preserving historic signs. Reference and mounted in a reversible manner that does not damage
Appendix page APP-3 for more information.
the historic fabric of the building.

Design Objective
Preserve, maintain, and repair historic
signs.
15.1 Historic signs should be preserved, maintained and
repaired where they exist.
• Original colors and materials should be preserved.
• Consider preserving historic signs even when the
function or name of a building has changed.

Design Objective
A new sign should be compatible with the
building to which it is attached.
Guideline 15.1: Where historic signs are present, they should be
preserved. (Seneca, MD)
15.2 Signs should be subordinate to the overall building
and its site.
• Scale signs to fit with the facade of the building.
• Sign design must be consistent with county and
municipal regulations.

15.3 A sign should be in character with the materials,

color and detail of the building or site.
• Simple letter styles and graphic designs are
encouraged.

15.4 Use indirect lighting on signage.

• Direct lighting at signage from an external, shielded
lamp.
• A warm light, similar to daylight, is appropriate.
• Strobe lighting and internal illumination is
inappropriate.
Guideline 15.3: A sign should be in character with the materials, color 15.5 Avoid damaging or obscuring architectural details
and detail of the building or site. (White River, VT)
or features when installing signs.
• Minimize the number of anchor points when
feasible
• Mount signage to fit within existing architectural
features.

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16.0 STOREFRONTS Historic Storefronts

Although the majority of historic resources in Montgomery National Park Service Preservation Brief #11 provides
County are residential structures and accessory buildings, guidance on rehabilitating historic storefronts. Reference
there are a few examples of commercial stores. The Appendix page APP-2 for more information.
following storefront design guidelines will apply to these
structures. Design guidelines for items such as windows,
doors, and roofs may also apply and should be referenced
for specific treatment techniques.

Many of the historic stores in Montgomery County

took the form of a traditional house with a gabled roof
and rectangular building footprint. Traditional materials
such as wood lap siding were used. (Distinguishing the
store building type from similar residential structures is
the storefront on the at street level.) Also present are
representative examples of various vernacular twentieth
century commercial design as well as more high-style
examples built in the Art Deco and other popular
twentieth century architectural styles. A storefront may
include character-defining elements such as: display
windows, transom, kickplate, entry (sometimes recessed),
cornice molding, and signage.

Preserving significant historic storefronts and restoring

altered or missing storefront features are important
preservation goals. When planning for the rehabilitation
of a storefront, an evaluation of the building’s historic
integrity should be conducted. Researching archival
materials such as historic photos and building plans can be
helpful in understanding the role of the storefront and its
relationship to the street. Examining the existing building
for any clues regarding the location of glass, window
supports and transoms can also provide important Art Deco storefronts are seen throughout Montgomery County. This
information on the original design of a missing or altered storefront includes large display windows and kickplates.
storefront feature.

Traditional gable
roof form

Upper-story windows

Porch roof
Transom

Entry Display window

Kickplate

Typical storefront elements in Montgomery County.

Design Guidelines for Historic Sites and Districts 81

General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

Design Objective
Preserve, maintain, and repair a historic
storefront.
16.1 Preserve the historic character of a storefront when
it is intact.
• Maintain the interest of pedestrians through an
active street level facade.
• Preserve the storefront glass if it is intact.
• The use of reflective glass, or otherwise obstructing
display windows, is inappropriate.

16.2 Retain the original shape of the transom glass in a

historic storefront.
• Preserve the historic shape and configuration of the
transom as it is important to the proportion of the
storefront.
• Install new glass if the original transom glass is
missing. However, if the transom must be blocked,
use it as a sign panel or a decorative band, but be
certain to retain the original proportions.
• Do not increase transom areas beyond their historic
size and proportion.

16.3 Maintain historic storefront openings.

• Avoid altering the size and shape of storefront
openings as they are important characteristics that
contribute to the integrity of a historic commercial
building.
• Consider restoring a storefront opening to its original
condition.
• Consider developing a compatible and contemporary
design when the original window is missing.

16.4 If a storefront is altered, consider returning it to

the original design.
• Use historic photographs or a simplified interpretation
of nearby storefronts if evidence of the original
design is missing. The storefront should be designed
to provide interest to pedestrians.
• Design new features to be subordinate to original
historic features.
• Maintain the alignment of the front façade
when altering or restoring a previously altered
storefront.

The Darby Store, built in 1910, is a typical two-story front gabled

store in Montgomery County. The transom windows, display windows,
and entry are important storefront elements that should be preserved.
(Beallsville, MD)

82 Montgomery County, Maryland

 General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

16.5 An alternative design that is a contemporary

interpretation of a traditional storefront is
appropriate.
• Consider a new design that uses traditional elements
when the original is missing.
• Design new storefronts to convey the characteristics
of typical storefronts, including the transparent
character of the display windows, recessed entries
and cornices.
• Do not alter the size of a historic window opening
or block it with opaque materials.
• Preserve early storefront alterations that have taken
on historic significance. In some cases, removing early The Cedar Grove Store, built in 1909, is an example of a traditional
alterations and reconstructing the original would be store with a gabled roof, storefront at street level and upper story windows.
appropriate. (Cedar Grove, MD)

The Staub Building had a variety of uses over the decades, including a car
dealership, post office, feed store, and restaurant. The storefront includes
upper story windows and ground level display windows. (Beallsville,
MD)

Design Guidelines for Historic Sites and Districts 83

General Rehabilitation Design Guidelines

84 Montgomery County, Maryland