Re: what is sap package ?

Answer
#2
A Package is Type of Development object which act as a
container to store a development objects such as screens ,
menus, function , transactions

Re: How to debugg script? Answer

#1
go to se71
specify the form name,
utilities
under that activate debugger
sap scripts was debugger.
go to me23n
click on print preview,
one popup will display like sap script was debugger
click on ok button
here it will display the form painter,
here we can debug the form

Re: Hi To all ABAP Guru's while transporting any report program do we need to
trasnport the text elements seprately or not reuired ? if it is so how do u transport the text
elemtns ? Thanks in Advance for ur answers Answer
#1
Hi,

Text elements or any GUI elements get stored in a separate

repository called MIME in ABAP. If you want to transport
text elements or GUI elements of your report, the only thing
you have to take care is - Transport your report in a
specific package, Go to the Object navigator and make sure
you transport the relevant text and GUI objects via the same
package.

Transporting / not transporting purely depends on the

requirement.

Re: how can we print both side in smartforms? what connects smartform to it's driver
program? in which event validation is done? Answer
#1
We can print page in both sides , By setting print mode as
'DUPLEX' in Print attributes of page node.
FUNCTION MODULE connects Smart form to its driver program.

Re: u r running a report .it is taking a long time for execution .what steps will u do to
reduce the execution time? Answer
#3
If the report is taking time to fetch data from the database
server we have to make sure that there is an optimized
"query". In order to have an optimized query we need to
write an optimized "where" conditions. That's database part.

Coming to the Programming part.

Say example. Our program has the usage of 95% and the
database usage of 5 % then we have to see the program's
performance. Try to reduce the number of LOOP's in a program
and also try to use the logical operators where ever
necessary to reduce the size of the program . that could
solve the problem.
Performance of reports could be increased by avaioind nested
select statements. Instead use Select ... FOR ALL ENTRIES.

Restrict the use of Select... Endselect, instead go for

select .. inot table itab and then loop at itab.

Avoid nested loop statement, Do not use select within loop.

Do not call function module within loop statement.

 

Re: How to compare the two tables between the two systems? what is the process if anyone
tell me please give me the answer? Answer
#2
You can use the Transaction SCMP to compare table or view
of two different systems. For this you need to have R/3
connection.

Re: we can write the select query or any code after the end of selection Answer
#1
yes , you can write.
Re: what is the use of lock object?? Answer
#2
Hi

Lock objects are use in SAP to avoid the inconsistancy at

the time of data is being insert/change into database.

SAP Provide three type of Lock objects.

- Read Lock(Shared Locked)
protects read access to an object. The read lock allows
other transactions read access but not write access to
the locked area of the table

- Write Lock(exclusive lock)

protects write access to an object. The write lock allows
other transactions neither read nor write access to
the locked area of the table.

You can create a lock on a object of SAP thorugh

transaction SE11 and enter any meaningful name start with
EZ Example EZTEST_LOCK.

Technicaly:
When you create a lock object System automatically creat
two function module.
1. ENQUEUE_<Lockobject name>. to insert the object in a
queue.
2. DEQUEUE_<Lockobject name>. To remove the object is being
queued through above FM.

You have to use these function module in your program

Re: If we put Top of Page in between Start-of-selection and End-of-selection and what
happenes Answer
#1
Nothing will happen!
the run time system picks up the events always in its pre-
defined order.eventough you code any event in any order
always right event is picked and processed.
Re: What is a difference between - RETURN, EXIT, CHECK, STOP & REJECT - To
leave the processing blocks Answer
#1
STOP: This terminates the block and executes end-of selection.
EXIT: It terminates the loop processing and process the next
statements.
CHECK: It evaluates the subsequent logical expression if it
is true the processing continue with the next statement.
CONTINUE terminates the current loop pass, returns the
processing to the beginning of the loop and starts the next
loop pass,
REJECT: it terminates the current event, even from loops or
subroutines.

Re: How to get the table name from a field? NOTE:if only the field name is given in a flat
file. Answer
#2
we can find the table for a specific field from table DD03L which will contain all table names for
corresponding fields.
 
Re: how many times a main window can be placed on placed on the same page in a layout
Answer
#1
99 main windows we can place in same page Main00, Main01..... Main98
 

The Session method in BDC utilizes the Function Modules:

BDC_OPEN_GROUP
BDC_INSERT
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
The data is present in the session is not updated in the
tables until & unless the session is processed by the
transaction SM35. It also updates the data synchronously.
It has an inbuilt error log.

Call Transaction method:

Update the records faster.
It should return the value.

Re: How to deactivate the sort button from the alv output Answer
#1
goto "reuse_alv_grid_display"

there sort option is there

give status ' '

Re: diff way of handling errors in call trans ans session methods Answer
#1
In call transaction, the errors can be handled by
BDCMSGCOLL Structure and its fm format_messages to display
the appropriate messages.

In Session Method, we have generated error logs to locate

the errors wherein we can find errors on a particular line.
After that , error log analysis report will be generated to
update errors.

In call transaction we handle the the errors explicitly

Where as in session method errors will be implicitly in
error logs.

Re: can please tell me the differences b/w bapi & bdc? Answer
#1
bapi's are procedural and object oriented .

the main advantage of bapi's is they are also used for the
migration of data from one non-sap to sap system.

bapi's are useful for certain taransactions where bdc's

can't be used like nace transactions.

Re: wat is RFC?wat r the RFC types? Answer

#2
A remote function call is a call to a function module
running in system different from the caller's. the remote
function can also be called from with in the system , but
usually caller and called will be in different system.

RFC r three type

1.asyncharnous
2.syncharnous
3.transaction

Re: What is performance tuning? Answer

#1
performance tuning is to improve the program performance
using some features.
using nested selects,
for all entries,
using view,
ST05 is Tcode for performance tuning.
1. Avoid using nested select statemtns
2. Avoid using global varaibales
3. Avoid using move-corresponding
4. Avoid using '*' in ur select query
5. use key fields in where calues
6. Avoid using query llooop

Re: What is collect statement?explain with example? Answer

#1
if an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT
statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of
the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the
numeric fields in the existing entry.

Re: 1. Driver prog & executive prog both r same ? 2. what is difference between At
selection screen & At selection out put ? 3 . what is node used in smart form ? Answer
#2
2)Answer; At selection screen event occurs while selection
screen being processed . it is used to validate the user
inputs in the selection screen

at selection screen output : in PBO of selection screen , at

selection screen output event is triggered . this event
block allows you to modify the selection screen directly
before it is displayed.

Re: What is IDOC? Answer

#1
It is an standard intermediate document used in EDI/ALE
process used in transferring the business objects to
business partners and in distribution of master data to the
diff plants which belongs to diff company codes.

Re: What are Major differences in Smart forms and Scripts Answer
#1
SAP Script is Client Dependent, Smartforms is Client
Indipendent.
In Scripts We r unable print the Background Pictures but in
Smartform can do.
In Scripts if u want to access any data from windows we
must call the write_form for every window in Driver Program
but in Smartforms when we are activating the smartform it
automatically generates a FM, using the FM we can call all
windows data From the smartform.
In Scripts Main window is mandatary but in smartform not
necessary.
In Scripts if u want with work with Tables and Templates
long process, in smartforms very easy to work using
navigation.

Smartform is very userfriendly than SAP Scripts.

In Scripts main windows are avable from main00-98 but in

Smartforms only one main window.

Re: Which configuration we have to make first before we want to start Business Workflow
with our SAP R/3 Answer
#1
The first of all you should check the TCODE: SWU3
Then config step by step according to the tcode screen

  Re: How do you define an internal using types? Answer

#1
We can define internal tables in different ways. One way is
by using types.
ex:
DATA: ITAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF KNA1.

Instead of standard table , we can use hashed table, sorted

table also.

types:begin of itab,
a type i,
b type c,
end of itab.

data:itab1 type table of itab with header line.

Re: explain the script component in script? Answer

#1
The various component of the SAP script tools are:
1. Editor - Edits the text in a SAPscript form. The transaction of an application automatically
calls this editor if you need to maintain texts related to the application.

2.Styles and Forms - Define and print the style and layout of SAPscript form.

3. Composer or From processor - Acts as central output module to prepare final layout and text
for an output device by including styles , various formating options and the respective text.

4. Programming interface - Allows you to include SAPscript component into ABAP program and
control the output of forms from the program.

5. Database tables - Store texts, styles and forms.

Re: can any one tell me the following question's answer 1. How can we create PUSH Botton
in presentation layer. 2.How can we print the record. 3.If database has nor records & if we
write 'for all entries' in select statement then what will be happen. Answer
#1
1.create the pushbutton in Presentation server by using the
syntax is given below.

for creating the pushbutton:

selection-screen pushbutton 10(06) 'name of pushbutton'

user-command cli1.
This is initilized into the Initialization event in the
classical report.
2.print the record by using the statement Loop at

Loop at Itab
write: itab-field.
Endloop.
3.if database has no records it will work as like this.
first up all it will check the base table if this table is
empty then it will retrive the data from the destination
table based on the condition.

Re: 1.What is the difference between append structure and include structure. 2. what is the
logging of technical setting while creating db table. Answer
#1
1. Append structure : it will add Fields to the table from
last . we can't use that structure in another table.
2. Include structure: we can add fields in middle. we can
use include structure in more than one table.
1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? 
ANS:-
   HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.
2. What are field symbols and field groups.? 
    Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? 
    
ANS:-
    Field symbols:- 
    Field groups :-
Can any body explain me what is field group?
Field groups are groups similar fields together into one name. Field group works in conjuction
with    
INSERT f1 f2 INTO fg
EXTRACT fg
SORT BY fg
LOOP ... ENDLOOP
INSERT f1 f2 INTO fg
---------------------
The insert statement is used to create a field group dynamically by inserting the field into it. Only
global data fields can be inserted and not local data fields eg : in form modules.
EXTRACT fg
----------  
This will combine all the fields in the fieldgroup and write them to a sequential dataset as a
single record.
SORT BY fg
----------
Sorting of sequential dataset by field group.
LOOP AND ENDLOOP
---------------
LOOP.
  AT ***
......
....
ENDAT.
  AT ***
.....
....
ENDAT.
ENDLOOP.                          *-- Chinmaya
3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? 
ANS:-
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table
CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA
TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
         ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).
4. What is a batch input session? 
ANS:-
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. 
Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is
passed,program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
5. What is the alternative to batch input session? 
ANS:-
Call transaction.
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. 
    We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? 
ANS:-
     go to SM36 and create background job by giving 
     job name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 
8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? 
    How is batch input process different from processing online? 
ANS:-
PROBLEMS:-
 i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from
the session queue(log remains).  However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? 
ans:-
tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Matchcode objects.
11. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? 
ans :-
4 types of tables
i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database
exactly with the same data and fields.   Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used.
ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables - 
These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables.one cannot use native
sql on these tables
(only opensql).They are not managable directly using database system tools.
iv)Internal tables - .
12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? 
ans:-
   step 1: creating domains(data type,field length,range).
   step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table 
field).
   step 3: creating tables(SE11).
13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
ANS:- NO.
TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE
DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA
AND FIELDS.
14. What are the domains and data elements? 
ANS:-
DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES
SUCH  AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.
DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.
15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? 
ANS:- 
YES.  eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? 
ANS:-
Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it
again). 
17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? 
ANS:-
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you
can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: 
EXTRACT <fg>.
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset
and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract
record is added to the dataset
EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group <fg>, the
structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer
insert new fields into the field groups <fg> and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field
groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. 
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the
extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups
dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the
advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? 
ANS:-
If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new
line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric
fields in the existing entry. 
19. What is open sql vs native sql? 
ANS:- by Madhukar
Open SQL , native SQL are the interfaces to create the database applicatons.
Open SQL is consistant across different types of existing Databases.
Native SQL is the database language specific to database.Its API is specific to the databse.
Open SQL API is consistent across all vendors 
20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? 
ANS:-
21. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary?
ANS:-
22. What are the events in ABAP/4 language? 
ANS:-
Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-of-page,end-of-page, At
line-selection,At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST. 
23. What is an interactive report? 
What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports? 
ANS:- 
An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.
diff:-
a)  THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with
the system
    the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
b)  ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS
CONTROL.
c)  IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING
IS POSSIBLE.
24. What is a drill down report? 
ANS:-
Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relavent data by selecting explicitly.
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe. 
ANS:-
creating function module:-
called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by assigning
attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions.
calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write function name- provide
export,import,tables,exception values.
26. What are the exceptions in function module? 
ANS:-
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE 
SYSTEM_FAILURE 
27. What is a function group? 
ANS:-
GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS. 
28. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP? 
ANS:-
DD.MM.YYYY.  HH:MM:SS 
30. Name a few data dictionary objects? //rep//
ANS:-
TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS.
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD? 
ANS:-
It is available for any insertion,modification and updation of records by any user.
32. What is a check table and what is a value table? 
Check table will be at field level checking.
Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.
33. What are match codes? describe? 
ans:-
It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-
primary keys.
34. What transactions do you use for data analysis? 
ANS:-
35. What is table maintenance generator? 
ANS:-
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges? 
ANS:-
    max,min values provided in selection screens.
37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? 
ANS:-
select options provide ranges where as parameters do not. 
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or
ranges 
of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS , the system creates a selection
table.
SELECT-OPTIONS <SEL> FOR <field>.
A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH. 
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of <field>. 
The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not
apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT
Between LE Less 
than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP
No pattern.
diff:-
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. 
SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by
choosing 
Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change. 
Eg:- Parameters name(30).
when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field for 'name' will appear on the
selection screen.You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text
elements as described in Selection Texts.
38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? 
And how do you display initial values in a selection screen? 
ANS:-
validate :- by using match code objects.
display :- Parameters <name> default 'xxx'.
               select-options <name> for spfli-carrid.
39. What are selection texts? 
ANS:-
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it? 
ANS:-
The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development
projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between
the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape.
This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and
essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport
strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and
Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.
41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts
always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do
you do it? 
ANS:-
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? 
ANS:-
43. Are programs client dependent? 
ANS:-
    Yes.Group of users can access these programs with a client no.
44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs? 
ANS:-
SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX.....
SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED.
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? 
How to use a specific number occurs statement? 
ANS:-
 i)It is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program.
They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising
the contents of database tables according to users need.
ii)using SY-DBCNT.
iii)The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population.
46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? 
Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. 
The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount
OF time and also reduces the network traffic.
Some measures that can be taken are: 
- Use views defined in the ABAP/4  DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability).
- Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *.
- Range tables should be avoided (IN operator)
- Avoid nested SELECTS. 
i)system tools
ii)field symbols and field groups.
ans:-
Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not
physically reserve space for a field,but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the
program.
eg:-  FIELD-SYMBOL <FS> [<TYPE>]. 
Field groups :  A field group combines several fields under one name.At runtime,the INSERT
command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group.
There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be
sorted,the data is sorted by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group.
47. What are datasets? 
ANS:-
The sequential files(ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file
handling in SAP.
48. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? 
ANS:-
Using function modules.
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP? 
ANS : 
CONVERSION : LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE.
INTERFACE  : FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM.
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? 

51. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? 
Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? 
52. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical
databases? 
ANS:-
To read data from a database tables we use logical database.
A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.
adv:-
The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table.Because Logical database
knows how the different tables relate to each other,and can issue the SELECT command with
proper where clause to retrieve the data.
i)An easy-to-use standard user interface.
ii)check functions which check that user input is complete,correct,and plausible.
iii)meaningful data selection.
iv)central authorization checks for database accesses.
v)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the
application logic. 
disadv:-
i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur.
ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next
event 
statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 
53. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? 
ans:-
AT LINE-SELECTION,AT USER-COMMAND,AT PF.
54. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? 
ans:-
55. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool? 
56. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP/4 query work in
relation to these? 
57. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query? 
59. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them? 
60. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session? 
ans:-
we will look into the error log file (SM35).
61. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? 
ANS:-
We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session we
analyize the session to determine which screen and value produced the error.For small errors in
data we correct them interactively otherwise
modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the datafile.
62. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event
driven batch jobs? 
ans:-
go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and job steps(JOB
SCHEDULING)
63. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? 
64. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that? 
65. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages? 
ans:-
Yes.
66. What is a currency factoring technique? 
67. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu
option? 
68. What is SAPscript and layout set? 
ans:-
The tool which is used to create layout set is called SAPscript. Layout set is a design document.
69. What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set? 
ans:-
control commands,system commands,
70. What is output determination? 
71. What are IDOCs? 
ans:-
IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container.
72. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc. 
ans:-
dynpro - flow logic + screens.
menu painter - 
GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements(title bar,menu bar,standard tool bar,push
buttons) used for a certain screen.
The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction.
73. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO. 
ans:-
The control statements that control the screen flow.
PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed.
PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks
the pushbutton.
74. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP? 
ans:- 
Create program-SE93-create transcode-Run it from command field.
75. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available
on? What is the other type of screen painter called? 
76. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops? 
ans:-
step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen.
77. Is ABAP a GUI language? 
ANS:-
Yes.
ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE.
78. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? 

What is the XXXXXTOP program? 

ans:-
ABAP/4 program.
DYNPRO
79. What are the include programs? 
ANS:-
When the same sequence of statements in several programs are to be written repeadly they are
coded in include programs (External programs) and  are included in ABAP/4 programs.
80. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program? 
ans:-  Yes- only external subroutines Using 'SUBMIT' statement.
81. What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed? 
82. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side? 
83. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs? 
ANS:-
Should start with Y or Z.
84. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements? 
ans:-
SLDB-F4.
85. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he
uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures? 
ans:-
Transcode is entered in command field to open the table.Utilities-Table contents-display.
86. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP? 
ans:-
87. What are the different modules of SAP? 
ans:-
FI,CO,SD,MM,PP,HR.
89. How do you get help in ABAP? 
ans:-
HELP-SAP LIBRARY,by pressing F1 on a keyword.
90. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? 
ans:-
91. What are the different elements in layout sets? 
ans:-
PAGES,Page windows,Header,Paragraph,Character String,Windows.
92. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script? 
ans:-
yes.
93. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data? 
94. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs? 
95. What takes most time in SAP script programming? 
ANS:-
LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION.
96. How do you use tab sets in layout sets? 
97. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How? 
98. What are presentation and application servers in SAP?
ANS:-
The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message
server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application
servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other,
using the message server.
99. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs
on an application server? 
ans:-
i)using loop statements.
ii)flat 
100. What are different data types in ABAP/4? 
ans:-
     Elementary - 
          predefined C,D,F,I,N,P,T,X.
          userdefined TYPES.
 ex: see in intel book page no 35/65
     Structured - 
         predefined    TABLES.
         userdefined Field Strings and internal tables.
101. What is difference between session method and Call Transaction? 
ans:-
102. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from? 
ans:- 
103. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session. 
ans:-
     fields converted into character type.
104. What is the structure of a BDC sessions. 
ans:-
      BDCDATA (standard structure).
105. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table. 
ans:-
      program,dynpro,dynbegin,fnam,fval.
106. What do you define in the domain and data element. 
Technical details like 
107. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are
stored at the database level. 
ans:-
ii)Pool tables is a logical representation of transparent tables .Hence no existence at database
level. Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level.
108. What is cardinality? 
For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2
tables. M:N
Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which
can be in a relationship.
What happen if i use control break statement in between select & endselect ?
when we place control breaks statements with in <br><br>select & end-select then i will
generate an complie time error and says us to use it in loop......endloop.<br>

What is difference between dialog program and a report?

using reports

we can dispaly the data

insert and modify the data

* its executable program

where as in dialog programming

we can create our own screens and transactions

we can't execute directly this

Using Report: we can dispaly, insert and modify the data.Its executable program.
Dialog Programming: we can create our own screens and transactions.we can't execute directly
this.
How to convert SD data in to ABAP?
By using ALE technique

What is the difference betn field group, extract dataset, and internal table?
A field group does not reserve storage space for the fields, but contains pointers to existing
fields.> Internal take up memory. Depending on how much memory your system has . > Once
you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can
fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT
statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract
record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the
dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current
values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT
statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract
dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you
try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a
runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field
groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can
modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract
datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the
program.
what is the use of pretty printer ?

exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer : is used to Aligned the code Properly. Means it converts the key words into cap&
other words in small letters.

U can set the property of pretty printer by settings-> pretty Printer .

It is having other options also in it.

What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?

SE16 is a T-code for object browser.

generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place.In se38 u can go create
programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor.In
se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool ,
function group ,classes, programs ( where u can create ur programs)
What is the difference between following two SQL statments :
- GET table_name
- SELECT * FROM table_name.
GET IS A KEY-WORD WHICH IS USED TO GET SOMETHING ( DATA )IN THE NODES
OF A LOGICAL DATABASE DIRECTLY WHERE AS USING SELECT WE CAN SELECT
N-NUMBER OF TABLES DATA THROUGH INTERNAL TABLES IN OUR PROGRMS.
Select option work like _____________on Selection Screen ?
The system treats select-options like an internal table.<br><br>This table will have four columns
- sign high low and option.This is used to set teh attributes on the select <br>
What is the main point while using controll bareak in internal table ?
when you are using control break commands.internal table must be sorted with key field.and
control-break commands must be used in between the LOOP and ENDLOOP only.

The Precautions taken care while using Control Break Statements are:<br>1.Sort the internal
table before we use Control Break Statements.<br>2.We Must compulsory place the Control
Break Statements with in loop ....endloop.<br>EX:(Sample Code)<br>sort itab by vbeln.
What is Field sysmbol ?
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this exanmple the name of a
table control is substituted<br>by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal
table, using the name of the tabl?control as a parameter.

ABAP Interview Questions

What is a 'Z' report?
Y or Z report refer to customized abap programs written for modules such as mm, sd, pp or fi/co
etc.
Can we create an ABAP program without using Y or Z?
No, this is because all non Yor Z programs are standard SAP programs.
1. How data is stored in cluster table? 
Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries. 
2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap? 
SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects. 
3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams? 
In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of
fields put in chain and End chain statement.) 
4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input plant
how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically? 
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. 
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material
group for the plant. 
5. How do you get output from IDOC? 
Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in
its respective segments. 
6. When top of the page event is triggered? 
After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event. 
7. Can we create field without data element and how? 
In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type. 
8. How do we debug sapscript? 
Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.
9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program. 
TCode AL21.
10. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button.  Enter the name
of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.
Following are some of the answers which I gave upto my knowledge.
1. What is the use of 'outerjoin' 
Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used
in the view.
        In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.
2. When to  use logical database?
Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
        less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
        Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
3. What is the use of 'table index'?
Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?
Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.
        If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
        Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
5. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?
       Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
6. What are table buffers?
    Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered
tables can thus be accessed 
    directly  from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of
accessing the database.
    Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program.
With Compliments from: Pavan
1. How do I set a flag for a field in any table?
Create a char field of length 1. for example field STAS-LKENZ is Deletion Indicator. It means
that if the value in the field is 'X' then that record has been deleted.
2. Can I execute user exits? If yes, how?
Yes you can. after finding the user exit, you need to use, goto CMOD add ur user-exit to your
project. Then activate the FM which you require. Now go into that function module there will be
a Include program wit name ZX* . Double click on it, it will ask to create an object, answer it
Yes and then write your code in it. 
3. How do I find the output type of a table or a program?
Table TNAPR / NAST

ABAP interview questions and answers

By admin | May 2, 2005
Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set:
What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of
the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying
relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing
the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of
the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like
description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and
must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data.
Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction.
While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how
many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data:
It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered
in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data
which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific
fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables.
In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are
included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table and are created
automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent
tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure
corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the
dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the
dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the
different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports
without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is
the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.
Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create
user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical
database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the
functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using
Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data
Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data
vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional
modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC
programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user
name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for
one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input
session.
What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only
during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of
database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need.
What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an
interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3
system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be
developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS
outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic
language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents
at runtime.
What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the
associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design
and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions.
Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu
painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists,
F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and
menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP
which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents.
Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph
formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of
Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is
Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules
which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used
to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the
output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases,
this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns
from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient
tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output
can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-
selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF,
Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a
tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in
Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your
system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes
with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and
deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your
development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical
databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database
provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages:
i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful
data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access
performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis
advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events
never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends
with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between
internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen
fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through
CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the
source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool
with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be
created with the new Smart Form solution.
How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client
dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in
the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in
customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then
for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task
list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?- Macros can only be used in the
program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation.
Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other
programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more
than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION
is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really
possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the
subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external
(used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.

Re: Difference between GET and GET Late? Answer

#2
Get node.

Read the first record from the database for corresponding

node(table).

Get node Late.

Read the first record from the database for corresponding

node(table) after processing all child nodes.

Re: How would you debug custom programs at runtime? Answer

#1
Give /h to go to debug when executing.
This is also applicable for standard code. But system
debugging has to be switched on.

Re: How to validate the entry in Screen & dialog proframming?? Is there any way to send
the error?? Answer
#2
at PAI of screen write
CHAIN.
FIELD <field name > MODULE module_name.
ENDCHAIN

double click on module name and write the code with error
message. it'll through the message and will give the chance
to correct it.

Re: How to debugg script? Answer

#1
go to se71
specify the form name,
utilities
under that activate debugger
sap scripts was debugger.
go to me23n
click on print preview,
one popup will display like sap script was debugger
click on ok button
here it will display the form painter,
here we can debug the form

Re: Types of updating in call tr? Answer

#2
In BDC's Call transaction method there are three types of
updation modes:

1) Asynchronous - A

2) Synchronous - S

3) Local - L

Re: if u write a write statement after end of selection ,will that be triggered? Answer
#2
Without Stop statement also it will trigger.
End-of-selection normally triggers when all the records
have been read from database.

start-of-selection.
end-of-selection.
write : / 'endofselection'
 
1)
In Smartforms also have standard Forms.
Goto Smartform-> Form -> F4
You can find all the standard smartforms.

2)
Whenever you copied standard script you have to change the
configuration in NACE then it will work.

Re: what are the events in sap script print progam. Answer
#1
as SAPscript print program itself is a report program and
it does not create any secondary lists, all the events for
Basic List will be applicable here.

Initialization.
At selection-screen.
start-of-selection.
end-of-selection.

Re: How you will catch errors in call transaction? Answer

#2
We will catch errors in the call transcation explicitly by
using Structure BDCMSGCOLL.
and FUNCITNO MODULE 'WRITE_FORMAT'.

Ex:
Data : bdc_msg type table of bdcmsgcoll with header line,
bdc_tab type table of bdcdata with header line.

CALL TRANSACTION 'MM01' using Bdc_tab mode N

updte S
messages into bdc_msg.
if sy-subrc = 0.
perform Error.
clear bdc_msg.
refresh bdc_msg.
endif.
Read table bdc_msg with key msgtype = 'E'.

if sy-subrc = 0.
call function 'FORMAT_MESSAGE'.
...
..
..
 Re: how to run bdc program in background? Answer
#2
1.If your using call transaction method the on the syntax
for call transaction as shown below put "N" as the option
which stands for no screens.

CALL TRANSACTION 'MM01' USING BDCDATA MODE A/E/N UPDATE A/S

MESSAGE INTO MESSTAB.

Mode A/E/N stands for A - All screens

E - Error screens
N - No screens
Update A/S stands for A - Asynchronous
S - Synchronous

2.If you use session method go to SM36 to schedule a

background job.

1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?

2. What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause
with field groups?

3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

4. What is a batch input session?

5. What is the alternative to batch input session?

6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program
and the batch session in background. How to do it?

7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at
the database level?

8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process
different from processing on line?

9. What do you define in the domain and data element?

10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?

11. How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?

12. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?

13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically?
14. What are the domains and data elements?

15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?

16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?

17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?

18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?

19. What is open sql vs native sql?

20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?

21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?

22. What are the events in ABAP language?

23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical
type reports?

24. What is a drill down report?

25. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.

26. What are the exceptions in function module?

27. What is a function group?

28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?

29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table?

30. Name a few data dictionary objects?

31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?

32. What is a check table and what is a value table?

33. What are match codes? Describe?

34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?

35. What is table maintenance generator?

36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?

37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?

38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values
in a selection screen?

39. What are selection texts?

40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?

41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go
with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it?

42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?

43. Are programs client dependent?

44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs?

45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to
use a specific number occurs statement?

46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?

47. What are datasets?

48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?

49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?

50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?

Smartforms
Forcing a page break within table loop.
Create a loop around the table. Put a Command node before the table in the loop that forces a
NEWPAGE on whatever condition you want. Then only loop through a subset of the internal
table (based on the conditions in the Command node) of the elements in the Table node.
Font style and Font size
Goto Transaction SMARTSTYLES.
There you can create Paragraph formats etc just like in sapscript.
Then in your window under OUTPUT OPTIONS you include this SMARTSTYLE and use the
Paragraph and character formats.
Line in Smartform
Either you can use a window that takes up the width of your page and only has a height of 1 mm.
Then you put a frame around it (in window output options).
Thus you have drawn a box but it looks like a line.
Or you can just draw "__" accross the page and play with the fonts so that it joins each
UNDER_SCORE.
Difference between 'forminterface' and 'global definitions' in global settings of smart forms
The Difference is as follows.
To put it very simply:
Form Interface is where you declare what must be passed in and out of the smartform (in from
the print program to the smartform and out from the smartform to the print program).
Global defs. is where you declare data to be used within the smartform on a global scope.
ie: anything you declare here can be used in any other node in the form.
Smartforms function module name
Once you have activated the smartform, go to the environment -> function module name. There
you can get the name of funtion module name.
The key thing is the program that calls it. for instance, the invoice SMARTFORM
LB_BIL_INVOICE is ran by the program RLB_INVOICE.
This program uses another FM to determine the name of the FM to use itself. The key thing is
that when it calls this FM (using a variable to store the actual name), that the parameters match
the paramters in your smartform.
Another thing to note is that the FM name will change wherever the SF is transported to.
So you need to use the FM to determine the name of the SF.
Here is the code that can be use to determine the internal name of the function module:
Code:
if sf_label(1) <> '/'. " need to resolve by name
move sf_label to externalname.
call function 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'
exporting
formname = externalname
importing
fm_name = internalname
exceptions
no_form = 1
no_function_module = 2
others = 3.
if sy-subrc <> 0.
message 'e427'.
endif.
move internalname to sf_label.
endif.
It checks to see if the sf_label starts with a '/', which is how the internal names start. if it does, the
name has already been converted. If not, it calls the FM and converts the name.
You would then CALL FUNCTION sf_label.
Smartforms FAQ Part Two
Smartforms output difference
Problem with Smartforms: in a certain form for two differently configured printers, there
seem to be a difference in the output of characters per inch (the distance between
characters which gives a layout problem - text in two lines instead of one.
It happens when the two printers having different Printer Controls' if you go to SPAD Menu
(Spool Administrator Menu) you can see the difference in the Printer Control and if you make
the Printer control setting for both the printers as same. then it will be ok. and also u have to
check what is the device type used for both the output devices.
SmartForms Output to PDF
There is a way to download smartform in PDF format.
Please do the following:
1. Print the smartform to the spool.
2. Note the spool number.
3. Download a PDF file (Acrobat Reader) version of the spool by running Program RSTXPDFT4
and entering the
noted spool number.
SmartForm Doublesided printing question
Your customer wants your PO SmartForm to be able to print "Terms and Conditinos" on
the back side of each page. They don't want to purchase pre-printed forms with the
company's logo on the front and terms & conditions on the back. Now this presents an
interesting problem.
Has anyone else ever had a request like this? If for example there was a 3 page PO to be
printed, they want 3 pieces of paper, the front side of each to containe the PO information
(page 1, 2, and 3) and the back side of each piece of paper to containg the static "Terms &
Conditions" information.
Anyone have a clue how to force this out?
Easy - page FRONT lists page CONTACTS as next page and CONTACTS lists FRONT as next
page. Since CONTACTS does not contain a MAIN window, it will print the contacts info and
then continue on to FRONT for the rest of the main items. Additionally, set print mode on
FRONT to D (duplex) and set CONTACTS to 'blank' (for both resource name and print mode -
this is the only way to get to the back of the page).
Transport Smart Forms
How does one transport SMARTFORM? SE01?
How do you make sure that both, the SMARTFORM & it's function module gets
transported? Or does the FM with same name gets generated automatically in the
transported client?
A smartform is transported no differently than any other object. if it is assigned to a development
class that is atteched to a transport layer, it will be transported.
The definition is transported, and when called, the function module is regenerated.
This leads to an interetsing situation. On the new machine, it is very likely the function module
name will be different than the name on the source system. Make sure, before you call the
function module, you resolve the external name to the internal name using the
'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME' function module.
Typically, generate the SF, then use the pattern to being in the interface. Then change the call
function to use the name you get back from the above function module.
Smartforms: protect lines in main window.
How to protect lines in the main window from splitting between pages?
It was easy with SAPscript, but how to do it with SF's. For 4.7 version if you are using tables,
there are two options for protection against line break:
- You can protect a line type against page break.
- You can protect several table lines against page break for output in the main area.
Protection against page break for line types
- Double-click on your table node and choose the Table tab page.
- Switch to the detail view by choosing the Details pushbutton.
- Set the Protection against page break checkbox in the table for the relevant line type. Table
lines that use this line type are output on one page.
Protection against page break for several table lines
- Expand the main area of your table node in the navigation tree.
- Insert a file node for the table lines to be protected in the main area.
- If you have already created table lines in the main area, you can put the lines that you want to
protect again page break under the file using Drag&Drop. Otherwise, create the table lines as
subnodes of the file.
- Choose the Output Options tab page of the file node and set the Page Protection option. All
table lines that are in the file with the Page Protection option set are output on one page.
In 4.6, Alternatively in a paragraph format use the Page protection attribute to determine whether
or not to display a paragraph completely on one page. Ma rk it if you want to avoid that a
paragraph is split up by a page break. If on the current page (only in the main window) there is
not enough space left for the paragraph, the entire paragraph appears on the next page.
What are the differences between SAP Scripts and Smartforms?
SAP Scripts are client dependent whereas Smartforms are client independent.

SAP Scripts require a driver program to display the output whereas in smartforms the form
routines can be written so that it is standalone.

An integrated Form Builder helps to design Smartforms more easily than SAP Scripts

An Table Painter and Smartstyles to assist in building up the smartforms

On activation a function module is generated for Smartforms

It is possible to create a Smartform without a main window

Smartforms generates XML output which can be viewed through the web

Multiple page formats is possible in smartforms

How can I insert symbols in Smartforms?

Select the Text node.
Change Editor (Click the button above Check near the Editor)
Go to menu Include->Characters->SAP Symbols
Choose the SAP symbol that you want to insert.

I have a smartform which works fine in DEV. After trasnsporting it to PROD, there is no
Function module generated for this smartform. As a result my program dumps in PROD?
The Smartform that is created in the Development may not have the same name in the
Production server. So it is always advised to use the Function Module
SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME to get the Function Module name by passing the
Smartform name.

DATA: fm_name TYPE rs38l_fnam.

CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'

EXPORTING
formname = 'ZSMARTFORM'
IMPORTING
fm_name = fm_name
EXCEPTIONS
no_form = 1
no_function_module = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.

CALL FUNCTION fm_name

EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.How can I make the Smartforms to choose a printer name by default?
In the CALL FUNCTION of the Smartform Function Module, set the output options parameter
to set the printer name.

The output options is of the type SSFCOMPOP which contains the field TDDEST. Set the
TDDEST field to your default printer name.

How can I make the Smartforms to display a print preview by default without displaying
the popup for print parameters?
In the SSF_OPEN function module,
Set the OUTPUT OPTIONS paramter TDDEST to your printer name.
Set the CONTROL PARAMETERS and control parameters as shown below,

control-preview = 'X'.
control-no_open = 'X'.
control-no_close = 'X'.
control-no_dialog = 'X'.
control-device = 'PRINTER'.
control_parameters-no_dialog = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_open = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_close = 'X'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDDEST = 'PRINTER NAME'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDNOPRINT = 'X'.

CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_OPEN'

EXPORTING
output_options = output_options
control_parameters = control
user_settings = ' '
EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.

How can I display the total number of pages in Smartforms?

Use SFSY-FORMPAGES to display the total number of pages in the Smartforms

&SFSY-PAGE& Current page number

&SFSY-FORMPAGE& Total number of pages in the currently formatted layout set
&SFSY-JOBPAGE& Total number of pages in the currently formatted print request
&SFSY-COPYCOUNT& Original-1,1st copy-2
&SFSY-DATE& Date
&SFSY-TIME& Time
&SFSY-USERNAME& Username

I'm using the variable SFSY-FORMPAGES, I get a star "*" instead of the total number of pages.
There may not be enough space in the window to display the variable, either increase the
window dimensions or condense the spaces using &SFSY-FORMPAGES(C)&

What are the various text formatting options in Smartforms?

&symbol(Z)& Omit Leading Zeros
&symbol(S)& Omit Leading Sign
&symbol(<)& Display Leading Sign to the Left
&symbol(>)& Display Leading Sign to the Right
&symbol(C)& Compress Spaces
&symbol(.N)& Display upto N decimal places
&symbol(T)& Omit thousands separator
&symbol(R)& Right justified
&symbol(I)& Suppress output of the initial value

How can I provide a background shading to the table?

In the Table Painter, you can specify the color and shading for the table lines.

Where can I provide the input parameters to the smartform?

The input parameters for the smartform can be defined in Global Settings->Form Interface.
The Associated Type must be defined in the ABAP Dictionary.

Where can I define my own global types for the smartform?

The global types(within the smartform) can be defined in Global Settings->Global Definitions-
>Types
The types defined here will be global through the entire smartform.
Also the form routines can be defined Global Settings->Global Definitions->Form Routines

I have defined my own Program Lines, where I have used a global variable G_TEXT. I get
an error G_TEXT is not defined?
Whenever using the global variables in the Program Lines, enter the variable name in Input
Parameters if you are going to use(read) the variable. If you are going to both read/write the
variable value enter the same in Output Parameters.

I have created a table node for display. Where can I check the condition which must satisfy
to display the table?
The conditions can be defined in the Conditions tab. In smartforms all the nodes have a condition
tab where you can specify the condition to be satisfied to access the node.

How can I define Page Protect in Smartforms?

To define Page Protect for a node go to the Output options and check the Page Protection
checkbox.

What is the difference between Template and Table in Smartforms?

The Template contains a fixed number of rows and columns, where the output is fixed.
The Table can have variable number of rows

Where can I define the paragraph and character format for the smartforms?
The paragraph and character format for the smartforms can be defined in the transaction
SMARTSTYLES

How to add watermark to smartform output?

Go to the properties of 'PAGE', tab 'Background Picture'. Add the grapic image name here
What are the differences between SAP Scripts and Smartforms?
SAP Scripts are client dependent whereas Smartforms are client independent.

SAP Scripts require a driver program to display the output whereas in smartforms the form
routines can be written so that it is standalone.

An integrated Form Builder helps to design Smartforms more easily than SAP Scripts

An Table Painter and Smartstyles to assist in building up the smartforms

On activation a function module is generated for Smartforms

It is possible to create a Smartform without a main window

Smartforms generates XML output which can be viewed through the web

Multiple page formats is possible in smartforms

How can I insert symbols in Smartforms?

Select the Text node.
Change Editor (Click the button above Check near the Editor)
Go to menu Include->Characters->SAP Symbols
Choose the SAP symbol that you want to insert.

I have a smartform which works fine in DEV. After trasnsporting it to PROD, there is no
Function module generated for this smartform. As a result my program dumps in PROD?
The Smartform that is created in the Development may not have the same name in the
Production server. So it is always advised to use the Function Module
SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME to get the Function Module name by passing the
Smartform name.

DATA: fm_name TYPE rs38l_fnam.

CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'

EXPORTING
formname = 'ZSMARTFORM'
IMPORTING
fm_name = fm_name
EXCEPTIONS
no_form = 1
no_function_module = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
CALL FUNCTION fm_name
EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.How can I make the Smartforms to choose a printer name by default?
In the CALL FUNCTION of the Smartform Function Module, set the output options parameter
to set the printer name.

The output options is of the type SSFCOMPOP which contains the field TDDEST. Set the
TDDEST field to your default printer name.

How can I make the Smartforms to display a print preview by default without displaying
the popup for print parameters?
In the SSF_OPEN function module,
Set the OUTPUT OPTIONS paramter TDDEST to your printer name.
Set the CONTROL PARAMETERS and control parameters as shown below,

control-preview = 'X'.
control-no_open = 'X'.
control-no_close = 'X'.
control-no_dialog = 'X'.
control-device = 'PRINTER'.
control_parameters-no_dialog = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_open = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_close = 'X'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDDEST = 'PRINTER NAME'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDNOPRINT = 'X'.

CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_OPEN'

EXPORTING
output_options = output_options
control_parameters = control
user_settings = ' '
EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.

How can I display the total number of pages in Smartforms?

Use SFSY-FORMPAGES to display the total number of pages in the Smartforms

&SFSY-PAGE& Current page number

&SFSY-FORMPAGE& Total number of pages in the currently formatted layout set
&SFSY-JOBPAGE& Total number of pages in the currently formatted print request
&SFSY-COPYCOUNT& Original-1,1st copy-2
&SFSY-DATE& Date
&SFSY-TIME& Time
&SFSY-USERNAME& Username

I'm using the variable SFSY-FORMPAGES, I get a star "*" instead of the total number of pages.
There may not be enough space in the window to display the variable, either increase the
window dimensions or condense the spaces using &SFSY-FORMPAGES(C)&

What are the various text formatting options in Smartforms?

&symbol(Z)& Omit Leading Zeros
&symbol(S)& Omit Leading Sign
&symbol(<)& Display Leading Sign to the Left
&symbol(>)& Display Leading Sign to the Right
&symbol(C)& Compress Spaces
&symbol(.N)& Display upto N decimal places
&symbol(T)& Omit thousands separator
&symbol(R)& Right justified
&symbol(I)& Suppress output of the initial value

How can I provide a background shading to the table?

In the Table Painter, you can specify the color and shading for the table lines.

Where can I provide the input parameters to the smartform?

The input parameters for the smartform can be defined in Global Settings->Form Interface.
The Associated Type must be defined in the ABAP Dictionary.

Where can I define my own global types for the smartform?

The global types(within the smartform) can be defined in Global Settings->Global Definitions-
>Types
The types defined here will be global through the entire smartform.
Also the form routines can be defined Global Settings->Global Definitions->Form Routines

I have defined my own Program Lines, where I have used a global variable G_TEXT. I get
an error G_TEXT is not defined?
Whenever using the global variables in the Program Lines, enter the variable name in Input
Parameters if you are going to use(read) the variable. If you are going to both read/write the
variable value enter the same in Output Parameters.

I have created a table node for display. Where can I check the condition which must satisfy
to display the table?
The conditions can be defined in the Conditions tab. In smartforms all the nodes have a condition
tab where you can specify the condition to be satisfied to access the node.

How can I define Page Protect in Smartforms?

To define Page Protect for a node go to the Output options and check the Page Protection
checkbox.

What is the difference between Template and Table in Smartforms?

The Template contains a fixed number of rows and columns, where the output is fixed.
The Table can have variable number of rows

Where can I define the paragraph and character format for the smartforms?
The paragraph and character format for the smartforms can be defined in the transaction
SMARTSTYLES

How to add watermark to smartform output?

Go to the properties of 'PAGE', tab 'Background Picture'. Add the grapic image name here

Smartforms: protect lines in main window.

How to protect lines in the main window from splitting between pages? 
It was easy with SAPscript, but how to do it with SF's.   For 4.7 version if you are using tables,
there are two options for protection against line break: 
- You can protect a line type against page break.
- You can protect several table lines against page break for output in the main area.
Protection against page break for line types 
- Double-click on your table node and choose the Table tab page. 
- Switch to the detail view by choosing the Details pushbutton. 
- Set the Protection against page break checkbox in the table for the relevant line type.  Table
lines that use this line type are output on one page. 
Protection against page break for several table lines 
- Expand the main area of your table node in the navigation tree. 
- Insert a file node for the table lines to be protected in the main area. 
- If you have already created table lines in the main area, you can put the lines that you want to
protect again page break under the file using Drag&Drop. Otherwise, create the table lines as
subnodes of the file. 
- Choose the Output Options tab page of the file node and set the Page Protection option.   All
table lines that are in the file with the Page Protection option set are output on one page. 
Transport Smart Forms
How does one transport SMARTFORM? SE01?  
How do you make sure that both, the SMARTFORM & it's function module gets
transported? Or does the FM with same name gets generated automatically in the
transported client? 
A smartform is transported no differently than any other object. if it is assigned to a development
class that is atteched to a transport layer, it will be transported. 
The definition is transported, and when called, the function module is regenerated. 
This leads to an interetsing situation. On the new machine, it is very likely the function module
name will be different than the name on the source system. Make sure, before you call the
function module, you resolve the external name to the internal name using the
'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME' function module. 
Typically, generate the SF, then use the pattern to being in the interface. Then change the call
function to use the name you get back from the above function module. 

SmartForm Doublesided printing question 

Your customer wants your PO SmartForm to be able to print "Terms and Conditinos" on
the back side of each page. They don't want to purchase pre-printed forms with the
company's logo on the front and terms & conditions on the back. Now this presents an
interesting problem. 
Has anyone else ever had a request like this? If for example there was a 3 page PO to be
printed,  they want 3 pieces of paper, the front side of each to containe the PO information
(page 1, 2, and 3) and the back side of each piece of paper to containg the static "Terms &
Conditions" information. 
Anyone have a clue how to force this out? 
Easy - page FRONT lists page CONTACTS as next page and CONTACTS lists FRONT as next
page. Since CONTACTS does not contain a MAIN window, it will print the contacts info and
then continue on to FRONT for the rest of the main items. Additionally, set print mode on
FRONT to D (duplex) and set CONTACTS to 'blank' (for both resource name and print mode -
this is the only way to get to the back of the page). 
 
SmartForms Output to PDF
There is a way to download smartform in PDF format.
Please do the following:
1. Print the smartform to the spool.
2. Note the spool number.
3. Download a PDF file (Acrobat Reader) version of the spool by running Program RSTXPDFT4
and entering the
noted spool number.

Difference between 'forminterface' and 'global definitions' in global settings of smart forms
The Difference is as follows. 
To put it very simply: 
Form Interface is where you declare what must be passed in and out of the smartform (in from
the print program to the smartform and out from the smartform to the print program). 
Global defs. is where you declare data to be used within the smartform on a global scope. 
ie: anything you declare here can be used in any other node in the form. 
Forcing a page break within table loop
Create a loop around the table. Put a Command node before the table in the loop that forces a
NEWPAGE on whatever condition you want. Then only loop through a subset of the internal
table (based on the conditions in the Command node) of the elements in the Table node. 
Font style and Font size
Goto Transaction SMARTSTYLES. 
There you can create Paragraph formats etc just like in sapscript. 
Then in your window under OUTPUT OPTIONS you include this SMARTSTYLE and use the
Paragraph and character formats. 
Line in Smartform
Either you can use a window that takes up the width of your page and only has a height of 1
mm. 
Then you put a frame around it (in window output options). 
Thus you have drawn a box but it looks like a line. 
Or you can just draw "__" accross the page and play with the fonts so that it joins each
UNDER_SCORE. 
System fields of Smart Forms
&SFSY-DATE& 
Displays the date. You determine the display format in the user master record.
&SFSY-TIME& 
Displays the time of day in the form HH:MM:SS.
&SFSY-PAGE& 
Inserts the number of the current print page into the text. You determine the  format of the page
number (for example, Arabic, numeric) in the page node. 
&SFSY-FORMPAGES& 
Displays the total number of pages for the currently processed form. This  allows you to include
texts such as'Page x of y' into your output. 
&SFSY-JOBPAGES& 
Contains the total page number of all forms in the currently processed print  request. 
&SFSY-WINDOWNAME& 
Contains the name of the current window (string in the Window field)
&SFSY-PAGENAME& 
Contains the name of the current page (string in the Page field)
&SFSY-PAGEBREAK& 
Is set to 'X' after a page break (either automatic [Page 7] or  command-controlled [Page 46])
&SFSY-MAINEND& 
Is set as soon as processing of the main window on the current page ends
&SFSY-EXCEPTION&
Contains the name of the raised exception. You must trigger your own  exceptions, which you
defined in the form interface, using the user_exception macro (syntax:  user_exception
<exception name >). 
Conversion of SAPSCRIPT to SMARTFORMS
SAP provides a conversion for SAPscript documents to SMARTforms.
This is basically a function module, called FB_MIGRATE_FORM. You can  start this function
module by hand (via SE37), or create a small ABAP which migrates all SAPscript forms
automatically.
You can also do this one-by-one in transaction SMARTFORMS, under 
Utilities -> Migrate SAPscript form.
You could also write a small batch program calling transaction SMARTFORMS and running the
migration tool.
Advantages of SAP Smart Forms
SAP Smart Forms have the following advantages:
1. The adaption of forms is supported to a large extent by graphic tools for layout and logic, so
that no programming knowledge is necessary (at least 90% of all adjustments). Therefore, power
user forms can also make configurations for your business processes with data from an SAP
system. Consultants are only required in special cases.
2. Displaying table structures (dynamic framing of texts)
3. Output of background graphics, for form design in particular the use of templates which were
scanned.
4. Colored output of texts
5. User-friendly and integrated Form Painter for the graphical design of forms
6. Graphical Table Painter for drawing tables
7. Reusing Font and paragraph formats in forms (Smart Styles)
8. Data interface in XML format (XML for Smart Forms, in short XSF)
9. Form translation is supported by standard translation tools
10. Flexible reuse of text modules
11. HTML output of forms (Basis release 6.10)
12. Interactive Web forms with input fields, pushbuttons, radio buttons, etc. (Basis-Release 6.10)
SAP ABAP Smart forms Interview faqs
1)How can I insert symbols in Smartforms?
Select the Text node.
Change Editor (Click the button above Check near the Editor)
Go to menu Include->Characters->SAP Symbols
Choose the SAP symbol that you want to insert.
2)I have a smartform which works fine in DEV. After trasnsporting it to PROD, there is no
Function module generated for this smartform. As a result my program dumps in PROD?
The Smartform that is created in the Development may not have the same name in the
Production server. So it is always advised to use the Function Module
SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME to get the Function Module name by passing the
Smartform name.
DATA: fm_name TYPE rs38l_fnam.
CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'
EXPORTING
formname = 'ZSMARTFORM'
IMPORTING
fm_name = fm_name
EXCEPTIONS
no_form = 1
no_function_module = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
CALL FUNCTION fm_name
EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
3)How can I make the Smartforms to choose a printer name by default?
In the CALL FUNCTION of the Smartform Function Module, set the output options parameter
to set the printer name.
The output options is of the type SSFCOMPOP which contains the field TDDEST. Set the
TDDEST field to your default printer name.
4)How can I make the Smartforms to display a print preview by default without displaying
the popup for print parameters?
In the SSF_OPEN function module,
Set the OUTPUT OPTIONS paramter TDDEST to your printer name.
Set the CONTROL PARAMETERS and control parameters as shown below,
control-preview = 'X'.
control-no_open = 'X'.
control-no_close = 'X'.
control-no_dialog = 'X'.
control-device = 'PRINTER'.
control_parameters-no_dialog = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_open = 'X'.
control_parameters-no_close = 'X'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDDEST = 'PRINTER NAME'.
OUTPUT_OPTIONS-TDNOPRINT = 'X'.
CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_OPEN'
EXPORTING
output_options = output_options
control_parameters = control
user_settings = ' '
EXCEPTIONS
formatting_error = 1
internal_error = 2
send_error = 3
user_canceled = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
ENDIF.
5)How can I display the total number of pages in Smartforms?
Use SFSY-FORMPAGES to display the total number of pages in the Smartforms
&SFSY-PAGE&
Current page number
&SFSY-FORMPAGE&
Total number of pages in the currently formatted layout set
&SFSY-JOBPAGE&
Total number of pages in the currently formatted print request
&SFSY-COPYCOUNT&
Original-1,1st copy-2
&SFSY-DATE&
Date
&SFSY-TIME&
Time
&SFSY-USERNAME&
Username
6)I'm using the variable SFSY-FORMPAGES, I get a star "*" instead of the total number
of pages.?
There may not be enough space in the window to display the variable, either increase the
window dimensions or condense the spaces using &SFSY-FORMPAGES(C)
7)What are the various text formatting options in Smartforms?
&symbol(Z)&
Omit Leading Zeros
&symbol(S)&
Omit Leading Sign
&symbol(<)&
Display Leading Sign to the Left
&symbol(>)&
Display Leading Sign to the Right
&symbol(C)&
Compress Spaces
&symbol(.N)&
Display upto N decimal places
&symbol(T)&
Omit thousands separator
&symbol(R)&
Right justified
&symbol(I)&
Suppress output of the initial value
8)How can I provide a background shading to the table?
In the Table Painter, you can specify the color and shading for the table lines.
Where can I provide the input parameters to the smartform?
The input parameters for the smartform can be defined in Global Settings->Form Interface.
The Associated Type must be defined in the ABAP Dictionary.
Where can I define my own global types for the smartform?
The global types(within the smartform) can be defined in Global Settings->Global Definitions-
>Types
The types defined here will be global through the entire smartform.
Also the form routines can be defined Global Settings->Global Definitions->Form Routines
I have defined my own Program Lines, where I have used a global variable G_TEXT. I get
an error G_TEXT is not defined?
Whenever using the global variables in the Program Lines, enter the variable name in Input
Parameters if you are going to use(read) the variable. If you are going to both read/write the
variable value enter the same in Output Parameters.
I have created a table node for display. Where can I check the condition which must satisfy
to display the table?
The conditions can be defined in the Conditions tab. In smartforms all the nodes have a condition
tab where you can specify the condition to be satisfied to access the node.
How can I define Page Protect in Smartforms?
To define Page Protect for a node go to the Output options and check the Page Protection
checkbox

can anyone tell me how to copy script from one user to another (000 to 800) in details i can copy
it but cannot edit it can i download a script from a user (000) and upload it in another user(800)
se71 --> utilities--> copy from client (Here specify the details)
utilities--> convert original language (here specify the details)

SAP BDC INTERVIEW QUESTIONS  & ANSWERS

1.       What is full form of BDC Session?

Batch Data Communication Session. 
2.       What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will
process.  Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the
data to SAP.  The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a
single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command. 
3.       How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM à STATUS command from any
menu. 
4.       How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name ‘BDC_OKCODE’ and field value of
‘/11’. 
5.       What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a
field value of ‘/11’. 
6.       What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data
into it. 
7.       How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which
line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index). 
8.       Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure 
FIELD                     TYPE                            DESCRIPTION
Program                CHAR (8)                      Program name of transaction.
DynPro                 CHAR (4)                      Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin              CHAR (1)                      Indicator for new screen.
Fnam                    CHAR (35)                     Name of database field from screen.
Fval                      CHAR (80)                     Value to submit to field. 
9.       Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by
SAP?
No.  The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by
SAP.
10.    Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11.    What is the syntax for ‘CALL TRANSACTION’?
CALL TRANSACTION trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
                  A          -           Show all screens.
                  E          -           Show only screens with errors.
                  N          -           Show no screens.

SAP BDC INTERVIEW QUESTIONS  & ANSWERS

1.       What is full form of BDC Session?

Batch Data Communication Session. 
2.       What are the steps in a BDC session?
The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the program will
process.  Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the
data to SAP.  The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in the batch mode or as a
single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command. 
3.       How do you find the information on the current screen?
The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM à STATUS command from any
menu. 
4.       How do you save data in BDC tables?
The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name ‘BDC_OKCODE’ and field value of
‘/11’. 
5.       What is the last entry in all BDC tables?
In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE and a
field value of ‘/11’. 
6.       What is a multiple line field?
A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines of data
into it. 
7.       How do you populate data into a multiple line field?
To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate which
line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index). 
8.       Write the BDC table structure.
BDC table structure 
FIELD                     TYPE                            DESCRIPTION
Program                CHAR (8)                      Program name of transaction.
DynPro                 CHAR (4)                      Screen number of transaction.
DynBegin              CHAR (1)                      Indicator for new screen.
Fnam                    CHAR (35)                     Name of database field from screen.
Fval                      CHAR (80)                     Value to submit to field. 
9.       Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by
SAP?
No.  The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by
SAP.
10.    Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?
Yes.
11.    What is the syntax for ‘CALL TRANSACTION’?
CALL TRANSACTION trans [using bdctab MODE mode].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.
                  A          -           Show all screens.
                  E          -           Show only screens with errors.
                  N          -           Show no screens.
What is a transaction?
-          A transaction is dialog program that change data objects in a consistant way. 
What are the requirements a dialog program must fulfill?
A dialog program must fulfil the following requirements
-          A user friendly user interface.
-          Format and consistancey checks for the data entered by the user.
-          Easy correction of input errors.
-          Access to data by storing it in the data bases. 
       3. What are the basic components of dialog program?
-          Screens (Dynpros)
-          Each dialog in an SAP system is controlled by dynpros.A dynpros consists of a screen
And its flow logic and controls exactly one dialog step.
-          ABAP/4 module Pool.
     Each dynpro refers to exactly one ABAP/4 dialog program .Such a dialog program is also      
called a module pool ,since it consists of interactive modules. 
4.What is PBO and PAI events?
PBO- Process Before Output-It determines the flow logic before displaying the screen.
PAI-Process After Input-It determines the flowlogic after the display of the screen and after
receiving inputs from the User. 
5. What is dynpro?What are its components ?
-          A dynpro (Dynamic Program) consists of a screen and its flow logic and controls exactly
one dialog steps.
-          The different components of the dynpro are :
Flow Logic: calls of the ABAP/4 modules for a screen .
Screen layout: Positions of the text, fields, pushbuttons and so on for a screen
Screen Attributes: Number of the screen, number of the subsequent screen, and others
Fields attributes: Definition of the attributes of the individual fields on a screen. 
6. What is a ABAP/4 module pool?
-Each dynpro refers to exactly one ABAP/4 dialog program.Such a dialog program is also called
a module pool ,since it consists on interactive modules. 
7..Can we use WRITE statements in screen fields?if not how is data transferred from field data to
screen fields?
-We cannot write field data to the screen using the WRITE statement.The system instead
transfers data by comparing screen fields names with ABAP/4  variable names.If both names are
the same,it
transfers screen fields values to ABAP/4 programs fields and Vice Versa.This happens
immediately after displaying the screen. 
8.Can we use flow logic control key words in ABAP/4 and vice-versa?
-          The flow control of a dynpro consists os a few statements that syntactically ressemble
ABAP/4  statements .However ,we cannot use flow control keywords in ABAP/4 and vice-
versa. 
9.What is GUI status? How to create /Edit GUI status?
-A GUI status is a subset of the interface elements used for a certain screen.The status comprises
those elements that are currently needed by the transaction .The GUI status for a transaction may
be composed of the following elements:
-Title bar.
-Mneu bar.
-Application tool bar
-Push buttons. 
To create and edit GUI status and GUI title,we use the Menu Painter. 
10. How does the interection between  the Dynpro and the ABAP/4 Modules takes place?
-A transaction is a collection os screens and ABAP/4 routines, controlled and executed by a
Dialog processor. The Dialog processor processes screen after the screen, thereby triggering the
appropriate
ABAP/4 processing of each screen .For each screen,the system executes the flow logic that
contains the corresponding ABAP/4 processing.The controls passes from screen flow logic to
ABAP/4 code and back. 
11. How does the Dialog handle user requests?
-          when an action is performed ,the system triggers the PROCESS AFTER INPUT
event.The data passed includes field screen data data entered by the user and a function code. A 
functioncode is a technical name that has been allocated in a screen Painter or Menu Painter to a
meny entry,a push button,the ENTER key or a function Key of a screen.An internal work
field(ok-code)in the PAI module evaluates the function code,and the appropriate action is taken. 
What is to be defined for a push button fields in the screen attributes?
-          A function code has to be defined in the screen attributes for the push buttons in a screen. 
How are the function code handles in Flow Logic?
           - When the User selects a function in a transaction ,the system copies the function code
into a           specially   designated work field called OK_CODE.This field is Global in ABAP/4
Module Pool.The OK_CODE can then be evaluated in the corresponding PAI module. The
function code is always passed in Exactly the same way , regardless of Whether it comes from a
screen’s pushbutton,a menu option ,function key or other GUI element. 
14.What controls the screen flow?
-          The SET SCREEN and LEAVE SCREEN statements controls screen flow. 
The Function code currently active is ascertained by what Variable?
-          The function code currently active in  a Program can be ascertained from the SY-
UCOMM  Variable. 
The function code currently  active is ascertained by what variable ?
-          By SY-UCOMM Variable. 
What are the “field” and “chain” Statements?
-          The FIELD and CHAIN flow logic statements let you Program Your own checks.FIELD
and CHAIN tell the system Which fields you are checking and Whether the System should
Perform Checks in the flow logic or call an ABAP/4 Module.
What is an “on input filed” statements?
-          ON INPUT
The ABAP/4 module is called only if a field contains the Value other than the initial Value.This
initial Value is determined by the filed’s Dta Type: blanks for character Fields
,Zeroes for numerics. If the  user changes the Fields Value back t o its initial value,ON INPUT
does not trigger a call.
What is an “on request Field” statement?
-          ON REQUEST
  The ABAP/4 Module is called only if the user has entered the value in the field value since the
last screen display .The Value counts as changed Even if the User simply types in the value that
was already there .In general ,the ON REQUEST condition is triggered through any
Form of” MANUAL INPUT’. 
What is an on”*-input filed” statement?
ON *-INPUT
-          The ABAP/4 module is called if the user has entered the “*” in the first  character of the
field, and the field has the attribute  *-entry in the screen Painter.You can use this option in
Exceptional cases where you want to check only fields with certain Kinds of Input. 
What are conditional chain statement?
ON CHAIN-INPUT similar to ON INPUT.
The ABAP/4 module is called if any one of the fields in the chain contains a value other than its
initial value(blank or nulls).
ON CHAIN-REQUEST
This condition functions just like ON REQUEST, but the ABAP/4 module is called if any one of
the fields in the chain changes value.
What is “at exit-command:?
The flowlogic Keyword at EXIT-COMMAND is a special addition to the MODULE statement
in the Flow Logic .AT EXIT-COMMAND lets you call a module before the system executes the
automatic fields checks.
Which Function type has to be used for using “at exit-command” ?
-          To Use AT EXIT – COMMAND ,We must assign a function Type “E” to the relevant
function in the MENU Painter OR Screen Painter . 
What are the different message types available in the ABAP/4 ?
-          There are 5 types of message types available.
-          E: ERROR
-          W-WARNING
-          I –INFORMATION
-          A-ABNORMAL TERMINATION.
-          S-SUCCESS
Of the two “ next screen “ attributes the attributes that has more priority is -------------------.
Dynamic. 
Navigation to a subsequent screen can be specified statically/dynamically. (TRUE/FALSE).
                  TRUE. 
Dynamic screen sequence  for a  screen can be set using ------------- and -----------------
commands
     Set Screen, Call screen.
27. The commands through Which an ABAP/4 Module can “branch to “ or “call” the next screen
are
 
   1.------------,2--------------,3---------------,4------------.
 
-          Set screen<scr no>,Call screen<scr no> ,Leave screen, Leave to screen <scr no>.
       28. What is difference between SET SCREEN and CALL SCREEN ?
  
-          With SET SCREEN the current screen simply specifies the next screen in the chain ,
control branches to this next screen  as sonn as th e current screen has been processed .Return
from next screen to current screen is not automatic .It does not interrupt  processing of the
current screen.If we want to branch  to the next  screen without finishing  the current one ,use
LEAVE SCREEN.
 
-          With CALL SCREEN , the current (calling) chain is suspended , and a next screen
(screen chain) is called .The called can then return to the suspended chain with the statement
LEAVE SCREEN TO SCREEN 0 .Sometime we might want  to let an user call a pop up screen
from the main application screen to let him enter secondary information.After they have
completed their enteries, the users should be able to close the popup and return directly to the
place where they left off in the main screen.Here comes CALL SCREEN into picture .This
statement lets us insert such a sequence intp the current one.
 29. Can we specify the next screen number with a variable (*Yes/No)?
   
-          Yes
 
30.    The field SY-DYNR refers to--------------
 
Number of the current screen.
 
31.    What is dialog Module?
-       A dialog Module is a callable sequence of screens that does not belong to a particular
transaction.Dialog modules have their module pools , and can be called by any transaction.
 
32.    The Syntex used to call a screen as dialog box (pop up)is---------
 
 CALL SCREEN <screen number.>
STARTING AT <start column><start line>
ENDING AT <end column> <end line>
 
33.    What is “call mode”?
-          In the ABAP/4  WORLD each stackable sequence of screens is a “call mode”, This is
IMP because of the way u return from the given  sequence .To terminate a call mode and return
to a suspended chain set the “next screen” to 0 and leave to it:
      LEAVE TO SCREEN 0 or (SET SCREEN 0 and LEAVE SCREEN) .When u return to     the
suspended chain execution resumes with the statement  directly following the original CALL
SCREEN statement.The original sequence of screens in a transaction (that is , without having
stacked any additional call modes),you returned from the transaction altogether.
 
 
34.    The max number of  calling modes stacked at one time is?
-          NINE
 
35.    What is LUW  or Data base Transaction ?
 
-          A “LUW”(logical unit of work) is the span of time during which any database updates
must be performed in an “all or nothing” manner .Either they are all performed (committed),or
they are all thrown  away (rolled back).In the ABAP/4 world , LUWs and
-          Transactions can have several meanings:
 
LUW (or “database LUW” or “database transaction”)
 
This is the set of updates terminated by a database commit. A LUW lasts, at most, from one
screen change to the next (because the SAP system triggers database commits automatically at
every screen change).
 
36.    What is SAP LUW or Update Transaction?
Update transaction (or “SAP LUW”)
This is a set of updates terminated by an ABAP/4 commit.  A SAP LUW may last much longer
than a database LUW, since most update processing extends over multiple transaction screens. 
The programmer terminates an update transaction by issuing a COMMIT WORK statement.
 
37.    What happens if only one of the commands SET SCREEN and LEAVE SCREEN is used
without using the other?
If we use SET SCREEN without LEAVE SCREEN, the program finishes processing for the
current screen before branching to <scr no>.  If we use LEAVE SCREEN without a SET
SCREEN before it, the current screen process will be terminated and branch directly to the
screen specified as the default next-screen in the screen attributes.
 
38.    What is the significance of the screen number ‘0’?
In “calling mode”, the special screen number 0 (LEAVE TO SCREEN 0) causes the system to
jump back to the previous call level.  That is, if you have called a screen sequence with CALL
SCREEN leaving to screen 0 terminates the sequence and returns to the calling screen.  If you
have not called a screen sequence, LEAVE TO SCREEN 0 terminates the transaction.
 
39.    What does the ‘SUPPRESS DIALOG’ do?
Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command.  This command allows us to
perform screen processing “in the background”.  Suppresing screens is useful when we are
branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step.
 
40.    What is the significance of the memory table ‘SCREEN’?
At runtime, attributes for each screen field are stored in the memory table called ‘SCREEN’.  We
need not declare this table in our program.  The system maintains the table for us internally and
updates it with every screen change.
 
41.    What are the fields in the memory table ‘SCREEN’?
Name                     Length             Description
 
NAME                     30                     Name of the screen field
GROUP1                 3                      Field belongs to field group 1
GROUP2                 3                      Field belongs to field group 2
GROUP3                 3                      Field belongs to field group 3
GROUP4                 3                      Field belongs to field group4
ACTIVE                  1                      Field is visible and ready for input.
REQUIRED              1                      Field input is mandatory.
INPUT                    1                      Field is ready for input.
OUTPUT                 1                      Field is display only.
INTENSIFIED          1                      Field is highlighted
INVISIBLE              1                      Field is suppressed.
LENGTH                 1                      Field output length is reduced.
DISPLAY_3D          1                      Field is displayed with 3D frames.
VALUE_HELP         1                      Field is displayed with value help.
 
42.    Why grouping of fields is required? What is the max no of modification groups for each
field?
If the same attribute need to be changed for several fields at the same time these fields can be
grouped together.  We can specify up to four modification groups for each field.
 
43.    What are the attributes of a field that can be activated or deactivated during runtime?
Input, Output, Mandatory, Active, Highlighted, Invisible.
 
44.    What is a screen group? How it is useful?
Screen group is a field in the Screen Attributes of a screen.  Here we can define a string of up to
four characters which is available at the screen runtime in the SY-DNGR field.  Rather than
maintaining field selection separately for each screen of a program, we can combine logically
associated screens together in a screen group.
 
45.    What is a Subscreen? How can we use a Subscreen?
A subscreen is an independent screen that is displayed in a n area of another (“main”) screen.  To
use a subscreen we must call it in the flow logic (both PBO and PAI) of the main screen.  The
CALL SUBSCREEN stratement tells the system to execute the PBO and PAI events for the
subscreen as part of the PBO or PAI events of the main screen.  The flow logic of your main
program should look as follows:
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
CALL SUBSCREEN <area> INCLUDING ‘<program>’ ’<screen>’.
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
CALL SUBSCREEN <area>.
Area is the name of the subscreen area you defined in your main screen.  This name can have up
to ten characters.  Program is the name of the program to which the subscreen belongs and screen
is the subscreen’s number.
 
46.    What are the restrictions on Subscreens?
Subscreens have several restrictions.  They cannot:
·             Set their own GUI status
·             Have a named OK code
·             Call another screen
·             Contain an AT EXIT-COMMAND module
·             Support positioning of the cursor.
 
47.    How can we use / display table in a screen?
ABAP/4 offers two mechanisms for displaying and using table data in a screen.  These
mechanisms are TABLE CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS.
 
48.    What are the differences between TABLE CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS?
TABLE CONTROLS are simply enhanced STEP LOOPS that display with the look and feel of a
table widget in a desktop application.  But from a programming standpoint, TABLE
CONTROLS and STEP LOOPS are almost exactly the same.  One major difference between
STEP LOOPS and TABLE CONTROLS is in STEP LOOPS their table rows can span more than
one time on the screen.  By contrast the rows in a TABLE CONTROLS  are always single lines,
but can be very long.  (Table control rows are scrollable).  The structure of table control is
different from step loops.  A step loop, as a screen object, is simply a series of field rows that
appear as a repeating block.  A table control, as a screen object consists of: I) table fields
(displayed in the screen ) ii) a control structure that governs the table display and what the user
can do with it.
 
49.    What are the dynapro keywords?
FIELD, MODULE, SELECT, VALUES and CHAIN are the dynapro keywords.
 
50.    Why do we need to code a LOOP statement in both the PBO and PAI events for each table
in the screen?
We need to code a LOOP statement in both PBO and PAI events for each table in the screen. 
This is because the LOOP statement causes the screen fields to be copied back and forth between
the ABAP/4 program and the screen field.  For this reason, at least an empty
LOOP….ENDLOOP must be there.
 
51.    The field SY-STEPL refers to the index of the screen table row that is currently being
processed.  The system variable SY-stepl only has a meaning within the confines of
LOOP….ENDLOOP processing.  Outside the loop, it has no valid value.
 
52.    How can we declare a table control in the ABAP/4 program?
 
Using the syntax controls <table control name> type tableview using screen <scr no>.
 
53.    Differentiate between static and dynamic step loops.
Step loops fall into two classes: Static and Dynamic.  Static step loops have a fixed size that
cannot be changed at runtime.  Dynamic step loops are variable in size.  If the user re-sizes the
window the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks
displayed.  In any given screen you can define any number of static step loops but only a single
dynamic one.
 
54.    What are the two ways of producing a list within a transaction?
By submitting a separate report.
By using leave to list-processing.
 
55.    What is the use of the statement Leave to List-processing?
Leave to List-processing statement is used to produce a list from a module pool.  Leave to list
processing statement allows to switch from dialog-mode to list-mode within a dialog program.
 
56.    When will the current screen processing terminates?
A current screen processing terminates when control reaches either a Leave-screen or the end of
PAI.
 
57.    How is the command Suppress-Dialog useful?
Suppressing entire screens is possible using this command.  This command allows us to perform
screen processing “in the background”.  The system carries out all PBO and PAI logic, but does
not display the screen to the user.  Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to list-
mode from a transaction dialog step.
 
58.    What happens if we use Leave to list-processing without using Suppress-Dialog?
If we don’t use Suppress-Dialog to next screen will be displayed but as empty, when the user
presses ENTER, the standard list output is displayed.
 
59.    How the transaction that are programmed by the user can be protected?
By implementing an authority check.
 
60.    What are the modes in which any update tasks work?
Synchronous and Asynchronous.
 
61.    What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous updates?
A program asks the system to perform a certain task, and then either waits or doesn’t wait for the
task to finish.  In synchronous processing, the program waits: control returns to the program only
when the task has been completed.  In asynchronous processing, the program does not wait: the
system returns control after merely logging the request for execution.
 
62.    SAP system configuration incluedes Dialog tasks and Update tasks.
63.    Dialog-task updates are Synchronous  updates.
64.    Update –task updates are Asynchronous updates.
65.    What is the difference between Commit-work and Rollback-Work tasks?
Commit-Work statement “performs” many functions relevant to synchronized execution of
tasks.  Rollback-work statement “cancels: all reuests relevant to synchronized execution of tasks.
 
66.    What are the different database integrities?
·         Semantic Integrity.
·         Relational Integrity.
·         Primary Key Integrity.
·         Value Set Integrity.
·         Foreign Key integrity and
·         Operational integrity.
 
67.    All SAP Databases are Relational Databases.
68.    What is SAP locking?
It is a mechanism for defining and applying logical locks to database objects.
 
69.    What does a lock object involve?
The tables.
The lock argument.
 
70.    What are the different kinds of lock modes?
Shared lock
Exclusive lock.
Extended exclusive list.
 
71.    How can a lock object be called in the transaction?
By calling Enqueue<lock object> and Dequeue<lock object> in the transaction.
 
72.    What are the events by which we can program “help texts” and display “possible value
lists”?
-PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH).
-PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST (POV).
 
73.    What is a matchcode?
A matchcode is an aid to finding records stored in the system whenever an object key is required
in an input field but the user only knows other (non-key) information about the object.
 
74.    In what ways we can get the context sensitive F1 help on a field?
-          Data element documentation.
-          Data element additional text in screen painter.
-          Using the process on help request event.
 
75.    What is roll area?
A roll area contains the program’s runtime context.  In addition to the runtime stack and other
structures, all local variables and any data known to the program are stored here.
 
76.    How does the system handle roll areas for external program components?
-          Transactions run in their own roll areas.
-          Reports run in their own roll areas.
-          Dialog modules run in their own roll areas
-          Function modules run in the roll area of their callers.
 
77.    Does the external program run in the same SAP LUW as the caller, or in a separate one?
-          Transactions run with a separate SAP LUW
-          Reports run with a separate SAP LUW.
-          Dialog modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller
-          Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller.
The only exceptions to the above rules are function modules called with IN UPDATE TASK (V2
function only) or IN BACKGROUND TASK (ALE applications).  These always run in their
own (separate) update transactions.
 
78.    What are function modules?
Function modules are general-purpose library routines that are available system-wide.
 
79.    What are the types of parameters in the function modules?
In general, function module can have four types of parameters:
-          EXPORTING: for passing data to the called function.
-          IMPORTING: for receiving data returned from the function module.
-          TABLES: for passing internal tables only, by reference (that is, by address).
-          CHANGING: for passing parameters to and from the function.
 
80.    What is the difference between Leave Transaction and Call Transaction?
In contrast to LEAVE TO TRANSACTION, the CALL TRANSACTION  statement causes the
system to start a new SAP LUW.  This second SAP LUW runs parallel to the SAP LUW  for the
calling transaction.
 
81.    How can we pass selection and parameter data to a report?
There are three options for passing selection and parameter data to the report.
-          Using SUBMIT…WITH
-          Using a report variant.
-          Using a range table.
 
82.    How to send a report to the printer instead of displaying it on the screen?
We can send a report to the printer instead of diplaying it on the screen.  To do this, use the
keywords TO SAP-SPOOL:
SUBMIT RSFLFIND…TO SAP-SPOOL DESTINATION ‘LT50’.
 
83.    How can we send data to external programs?
Using SPA/GPA parameters(SAP memory).
Using EXPORT/IMPORT data (ABAP/4 memory)
 
84.    What are SPA/GPA parameters (SAP memory)
SPA/GPA parameters are field values saved globally in memory.  There are two ways to use
SPA/GPA parmeters:
By setting field attributes in the Screen Painter.
By using the SET PARAMETER or GET PARAMETER statements.
Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure?
Yes. 
What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the
same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques.  By
modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. 
Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update. 
Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.
·        Source code module.
·        Subroutines.
·        Functions. 
How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
·            By defining Macros.
·            By creating include programs in the library. 
M  is the attribute type of the module program.
Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?
No.  If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function
modules. 
What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within
the same program. 
What are the types of Subroutines?
·            Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same
ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
·            External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4
program other than the calling procedure. 
It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).
False. 
A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)
False. 
Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.
What are the different types of parameters?
       Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with
the FORM statement.
       Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the
PERFORM statement. 
How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
·            Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
·            Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines. 
What are the different methods of passing data?
·            Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter
is transferred to the formal parameters.  The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we
work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine.  If we change the formal
parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.
·            Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies
of the actual parameters.  The formal parameters have memory of their own.  Changes to the
formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
·            Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created
as copies of the actual parameters.  The formal parameters have their own memory space. 
Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the
subroutine. 
The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
   16.  How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be
distinguished when passed to a subroutine?
       Itab [] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line. 
What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal
tables without header lines & why?
Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from
the table. 
A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)
True. 
A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.
 
Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).
      True. 
What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface.  Declaring
data as common parts is not possible for function modules.  Function modules are stored in a
central library. 
What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each
other.  All the modules in the group are included in the same main program.  When an ABAP/4
program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in
with the program code at runtime.  Every function module belongs to a function group. 
What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?
During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will
instantly lead to changes to the original data objects. 
A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an ABAP/4 program. (T/F).
True. 
What is an update task?
It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database. 
What happens if a function module runs in an update task?
The system performs the module processing asynchronously.  Instead of carrying out the call
immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT
WORK’ command. 
The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library.
When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)
True. 
What is the use of the RAISING exception?
The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or
leave the exception to the system. 
What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
·            The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets,
you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped
data.
·            You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not
define the structure of the extract dataset.
·            In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing
them. This reduces the storage space required.
·            Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not
need a special work area for interface. 
It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field
group. (T/F).
False.
What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?
The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria.  The system automatically
prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.
Can a filed occur in several field groups.
Yes.  But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.
What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?
      It defines the fields of a field group.
What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.
A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).
False.
While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface (T/F)
False.
The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)
False.  It causes runtime errors.
The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.
While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).
False.
While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external
help file.  The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.
 
43.  The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort
statements. (T/F)
       FALSE.

REPORT GENERATION – FORMATTING

The alignment of a type ‘c’ field in a report is left Aligned.
In the statement Write:/15(10) Ofal-lifnr. what do the number 15 and 10 stand for
      15 stand for the offset on the screen and 10 stands for the field length displayed.
3.      Specify the default alignment for the following field types:
‘D’ – Left, ‘F’-Right, ‘N’-Left, ‘I’-Right, ‘T’-Left.
If s_time has the value ‘123456’ how would you get an output of 12:34:56 with a single ‘Write:’
statement.
Write:s_time using edit mask’--:--:--‘.
In order to suppress the leading zeroes of a number field the keywords used are NO-ZERO.
The total no of date formats that can be used to display a date during output is MM/DD/YY,
DD/MM/YY, DD/MM/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MMDDYY, DDMMYY, YYMMDD.
The UNDER Command allows for vertical alignment of fields one below the other.
In order to concatenate strings only for output purposes the command NO-GAP can be used in
conjunction with the ‘Write’ statement.
The no of decimal places for output can be defines within a write statement. (T/F).
TRUE.  Write:/<F> decimals 2.
Data can be moved from one field to another using a ‘Write:’ Statement and stored in the desired
format. (T/F).
TRUE. Write: Date_1 to Date_2 format DD/MM/YY.
In the statement Write:/15(10) lfa1-lifnr. The values 15 and 11 can also be defined by variables
(T/F). False.
Differentiate between the following two statements if any.
ULINE.
Write: sy-uline.
No-difference.  Except that uline is used outside the ‘Write’ Statement.
In order to skip a single line the number of lines need not be given as an assignment (T/F)
TRUE.
The “SKIP TO LINE line number” is dependent on the LINE-COUNT  statement included in the
report statement of the program.
In order to skip columns the command used is POSITION <n>.
In order to have boldfaced text as output the command used is Write:<f>INTENSIFIED.
Background and foreground colors can be interchanged using the command Format Inverse.
In order to restore the system defaults for all changes made with the format statement is Format
Reset.
 Like ULINE the statement VLINE is used to insert vertical lines. (T/F).
False.
20. Suppressing the number signs (+/-) is carried out using the addition NO-SIGNS to the Write
statement. (T/F).    False.
If SY-UZEIT has the value 6:34:45 it can be displayed as 063445 using No Edit Mask.
If the variable “Text” has the value ‘ABCDEF’ the output for the statement “Write:/Text+2(3)”
will be “CDE”
The fields specified by select-options and parameters statement cannot be grouped together in
the selection screen. (T/F).  False.
When calling an external report the parameters or select-options specified in the external report
cannot be called. (T/F)
FALSE.
Selection Texts  in the text elements of the program helps in changing the displayed names of
variables in the parameters statement.
 Type F  datatype cannot be used to define parameters.
27. Rounding off of values can be carried out using the write statement. (T/F). TRUE
How would you define the exponents for a type ‘f’ field?
Exponent <e>.
How would you format the output as left, centered or right-justified using the write statement.
Left-justified, Centered, Right-justified.
If the same formatting options were used for a WRITE statement that follows the FORMAT
statement, which settings would take precedence.
The settings in the Write Statement.
For each new event, the system resets all formatting options to their default values (T/F)
TRUE.
All formatting options have the default value OFF. (T/F).
TRUE.
How would you set the formatting options statically and dynamically within a report? Statically:
FORMAT <option1>[ON|OFF]….
Dynamically: FORMAT <option1> = <var1><option2>=<var2>….
The page footer is defined using the statement END-OF-PAGE.
The processing block following END-OF-PAGE is processed only if you reserve lines for the
footer in the LINE-COUNT option of the REPORT statement. (T/F)
TRUE.
To execute a page break under the condition that less than a certain number of lines is left on a
page is achieved by RESERVE n lines.
The RESERVE statement only takes effect if output is written to the subsequent page.  No blank
pages are created and it defines a block of lines that must be output as a whole. (T/F). TRUE.
To set the next output line to the first line of a block of lines defined with the RESERVE
statement the statement BACK  is used.
What is the limit for the length of a page if the page length is not specified in the report
statement. 60,000 lines.
How would you start the printing process from within the program while creating a list?
NEW-PAGE PRINT ON.
You can change the width of pages within list levels triggered by page breaks. (T/F).
FALSE.
Hotspots are special areas of an output list used to trigger events. (T/F) TRUE.
To designate fields as hotspots at runtime, use FORMAT HOTSPOT = <h>.
Horizontal lines created with ULINE and blank lines created with SKIP can be formatted as
hotspots. (T/F). FALSE.
How would you suppress the display of a parameter on the selection screen?
Parameters <p> ………..No-Display.
Can you assign a matchcode object to a parameter? If so how?
Yes.  PARAMETERS <p>……..MATCHCODE OBJECT <obj>……..
For each SELECT-OPTIONS statement, the system creates a selection table. (T/F)
TRUE.
To position a set of parameters or comments on a single line on the selection screen, you must
declare the elements in a block enclosed by
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
……..
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
How can Symbols or R/3 icons be output on the screen?
     WRITE <symbol-name>AS SYMBOL.
     WRITE <icon-name> AS ICON.
In the standard setting, you cannot create empty lines with the WRITE statement alone. (T/F). 
TRUE.

 
REPORTING – GENERAL
The system field, which indicates success or failure of a SQL operation, is SY-SUBRC.
What is the syntax for specifying database table name at runtime in SELECT statement.
NAME = ‘SPFL1’.
SELECT * FROM (NAME).
……………….
……………….
ENDSELECT.
How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of predefined
size.
SELECT * FROM <SPFLI>INTO TABLE <ITAB>PACKAGE SIZE<N>.
Where n is variable.
Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisons with character strings &
numeric strings. ‘%’ and ‘-‘.
In SELECT statements can you specify a variable in WHERE condition or a part of the
condition, if so what is the syntax.
SELECT * FROM <table>WHERE <var1><condition><var or const>.
Name the ABAP/4 key words, which are used to change the contents of database table.
UPDATE or MODIFY.
 
7. How to specify a client for database table processing.
TABLES SPFLI.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED WHERE MANDT BETWEEN ‘001’ AND
‘003’.
……..
ENDSELECT.
How do you write a DATA object from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4 memory and restore the
same from memory to program.
EXPORT <f1>[FROM <g1>]<f2>[FROM <g2>]…. TO MEMORY ID <key>.
The ID <key>, which can be up to 32 characters long, identifies the data in memory.
What are DATA CLUSTERS?
You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data
clusters and store them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in databases.  You
can store data clusters in special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.  These databases are
known as ABAP/4 cluster databases and have a predefined structure.  Storing a data cluster is
specific to ABAP/4.  Although you can also access cluster databases using SQL statements, only
ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the structure of the stored data cluster.
Statements used to delete data objects in ABAP/4 memory FREE MEMORY [ID <key>].
How will you create a file on application server.
Open dataset <dsn> for output.
ABAP/4 statement for opening a file on application server for reading Open dataset <dsn> for
input.
How will you transfer data into a file in application server?
Data fname(60) value ‘mYFILE’.
Data num type i.
Open dataset fname for output.
Do 10 times.
  Num = Num +1.
  Transfer num to fname.
Enddo.
       …….etc.
Name the function modules to write data from an Internal Table to the Presentation Server.
DOWNLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.
Name the function module that can be used to give information about files on Presentation
Server and about its Operating System.
WS_QUERY.
Name the ABAP/4 key word, which is used to clear the Headerline of an Internal Table.
CLEAR<itab>.
Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table.
UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD.
Name the ABAP/4 keywords to initialize an Internal Table with and without headerline.
REFRESH <itab>.
How to determine the attributes of an internal table?
DESCRIBE TABLE <itab>[LINES <lin>] [OCCURS <occ>].
Name the ABAP/4 key word for searching a string in an Internal Table.
SEARCH <itab> FOR <str><options>.
The different options (<options>) for the search in an internal table are:
 
ABBREVIATED
Searches table<itab>for a word containing the character string specified in <str>, where other
characters might separate the characters. The first letter of the word and the string <str> must be
the same.
STARTING AT<lin1>
Searches table<itab> for <str>, starting at line <line1>. <\lin1> can be a variable.
ENDING AT<n2>
Searches table <itab>for <str>upto line<lin2>. <lin2>can be a variable.
AND MARK
If the search string is found, all the characters in the search string (and all the characters in
between when using ABBREVIATED) are converted to upper case. 
What are the different attributes that can be assigned to a variant?
The different attributes that can be assigned to a variant are….
Description
Enter a short, meaningful description of the variant.  This may be upto 30 characters long.
Background only
Specify whether you want to use the variant in background processing only, or in online
environment as well.
Protected variant.
Mark the field if you want to protect your variant against being changed by other users.
Do not display variant.
Mark this field if you want the variant name to be displayed in the catalog only, but not in the F4
value list. 
For the selections you cover in a variant, you can enter the following attributes:
Type
The system displays whether the field is a parameter or a select option.
Protected
Mark this field for each field on the selection screen you want to protect from being overwritten. 
Values that you mark this way are displayed to the users, but they cannot change them, that are
they are not ready to accept input.
Invisible
If you mark this column, the system will not display the corresponding field on the selection
screen the user sees when starting the report program.
Variable
Mark this column if you want to set the value for this field at runtime. 
Is it possible to create new dynamic programs during runtime of an ABAP/4 program? If so
how?
To create new dynamic programs during the runtime of an ABAP/4 program, you must use an
internal table.  For this purpose, you should create this internal table with one character type
column and a line width of 72.  You can use any method you like from Filling Internal Tables to
write the code of your new program into the internal table.  Especially, you can use internal
fields in which contents are dependent on the flow of the program that you use to create a new
one, to influence the coding of the new program dynamically.  The following example shows
how to proceed in principal:
DATA CODE (72) OCCURS 10.
APPEND ‘REPORT ZDYN1.’
TO CODE.
APPEND ‘WRITE/”Hello, I am dynamically created!”.’
TO CODE.
Two lines of a very simple program are written into the internal table CODE. 
In the next step you have to put the new module, in the above example it is a report, into the
library.  For this purpose you can use the following statement: 
Syntax 
INSERT REPORT <prog>FROM <itab>. 
The program <prog> is inserted in your present development class in the R/3 Repository.  If a
program with this name does not already exists, it is newly created with the following attributes:
Title: none,
Type: 1 (Reporting),
Application: S (Basis).
You can specify the name of the program <prog> explicitly within single quotation marks or you
can write the name of a character field, which contains the program name.  The name of the
program must not necessarily be the same as given in the coding, but it is recommended to do
so.  <itab> is the internal table containing the source code.  For the above example you could
write:
INSERT REPORT ‘ZDYN1’ FROM CODE.
Or
DATA REP (8).
REP = ‘ZDYN1’
INSERT REPORT REP FROM CODE. 
Data types can be elementary or structured (T/F).
TRUE.
The amount of memory associated with a data type is ZERO.
Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. (T/F).
TRUE.
The data object does not occupy any space in memory. (T/F)
FALSE.
What are the three hierarchical levels of data types and objects?
Program-independent data, defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
Internal data used globally in one program.
Data used locally in a procedure (subroutine, function module) 
How would you find the attributes of a data type or data object?
DESCRIBE FIELD <f> [LENGTH <l.] [TYPE <t> [COMPONENTS <n>]]
             [OUTPUT-LENGTH <o>] [DECIMALS <d>]
             [EDIT MASK <m>].
The components of a field string cannot have different data types. (T/F).
FALSE.
Field strings are also called as Record or Structures.
If a field string is aligned (Left, centered, right justified etc.), the filler fields are also added to the
length of the type C field. (T/F).
TRUE.
You cannot assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group.
(T/F)
TRUE.
Field group reserves storage space for the fields, and does not contain pointers to existing fields
(T/F).
False.
Defining a field group as ‘HEADER’ is optional (T/F)
FALSE.
How would you define a field symbol?
FIELD-SYMBOLS<FS>.
Which function module would you use to check the user’s authorization to access files before
opening a file?
AUTHORITY_CHECK_DATASET
37.  Name the function module used to convert logical file names to physical file names in
ABAP/4 programs.
FILE_GET_NAME.
Parameters, which are defined during the definition of a subroutine with the FORM statement,
are called Formal Parameters.
Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement are
called Actual Parameters.
In subroutines internal tables that are passed by TABLES, are always called by value and result.
(T/F)
FALSE.  They are called by reference.

INTERACTIVE REPORTING
1.      What is interactive reporting?
It helps you to create easy-to-read lists.  You can display an overview list first that contains
general information and provide the user with the possibility of choosing detailed information
that you display on further lists.
What are the uses of interactive reporting?
The user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session.  Instead of an
extensive and detailed list, you create a basic list with condensed information from which the
user can switch to detailed displays by positioning the cursor and entering commands.  The
detailed information appears in secondary lists.
What are the event key words in interactive reporting?
Event Keyword                                                Event
AT LINE-SELECTION                            Moment at which the user selects a line by double
clicking on it or by positioning the cursor on it and pressing F2.
AT USER-COMMAND                            Moment at which the user presses a function key.
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING                        Moment during list processing of a
LINE-SELECTION                                  secondary list at which a new page starts.
 
What is secondary list?
It allows you to enhance the information presented in the basic list.  The user can, for example,
select a line of the basic list for which he wants to see more detailed information.  You display
these details on a secondary list.  Secondary lists may either overlay the basic list completely or
you can display them in an extra window on the screen.  The secondary lists can themselves be
interactive again. 
How to select valid lines for secondary list?
To prevent the user from selecting invalid lines, ABAP/4 offers several possibilities.  At the end
of the processing block END-OF-SELECTION, delete the contents of one or more fields you
previously stored for valid lines using the HIDE statement.  At the event AT LINE-
SELECTION, check whether the work area is initial or whether the HIDE statement stored field
contents there.  After processing the secondary list, clear the work area again.  This prevents the
user from trying to create further secondary lists from the secondary list displayed.
How to create user interfaces for lists?
The R/3 system automatically, generates a graphical user interface (GUI) for your lists that offers
the basic functions for list processing, such as saving or printing the list.  If you want to include
additional functionality, such as pushbuttons, you must define your own interface status.  To
create a new status, the Development Workbench offers the Menu Painter.  With the Menu
Painter, you can create menus and application toolbars.  And you can assign Function Keys to
certain functions.  At the beginning of the statement block of AT END-OF-SELECTION, active
the status of the basic list using the statement: SET PF-STATUS ‘STATUS’. 
What is interactive reporting?
A classical non-interactive report consists of one program that creates a single list.  Instead of
one extensive and detailed list, with interactive reporting you create basic list from which the
user can call detailed information by positioning the cursor and entering commands.  Interactive
reporting thus reduces information retrieval to the data actually required. 
Can we call reports and transactions from interactive reporting lists?
Yes.  It also allows you to call transactions or other reports from lists.  These programs then use
values displayed in the list as input values.  The user can, for example, call a transaction from
within a list of change the database table whose data is displayed in the list.
What are system fields for secondary lists?
SY-LSIND   Index of the list created during the current event (basic list = 0)
SY-LISTI                 Index of the list level from which the event was triggered.
SY-LILLI                 Absolute number of the line from which the event was triggered.
SY-LISEL                Contents of the line from which the event was triggered.
SY-CUROW            Position of the line in the window from which the event was triggered  
(counting starts with 1)
SY-CUCOL              Position of the column in the window from which the event was
triggered             (counting starts with 2).
SY-CPAGE              Page number of the first displayed page of the list from which the event was
triggered.
SY-STARO              Number of the first line of the first page displayed of the list from which the
event was triggered (counting starts with 1).  Possibly, a page header occupies this line.
SY-STACO              Number of the first column displayed in the list from which the event was
triggered (counting starts with 1).
SY-UCOMM            Function code that triggered the event.
SY-PFKEY  Status of the displayed list. 
How to maintain lists?
To return from a high list level to the next-lower level (SY-LSIND), the user chooses Back on a
secondary list.  The system then releases the currently displayed list and activates the list created
one step earlier.  The system deletes the contents of the released list.  To explicitly specify the
list level, into which you want to place output, set the SY-lsind field.  The system accepts only
index values, which correspond to existing list levels.  It then deletes all existing list levels
whose index is greater or equal to the index specify.  For example, if you set SY-LSIND to 0, the
system deletes all secondary lists and overwrites the basic list with the current secondary list. 
What are the page headers for secondary lists?
On secondary lists, the system does not display a standard page header and it does not trigger the
event. TOP-OF-PAGE.  To create page headers for secondary list, you must enhance TOP-OF-
PAGE: Syntax TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.  The system triggers this event
for each secondary list.  If you want to create different page headers for different list levels, you
must program the processing block of this event accordingly, for example by using system fields
such as SY-LSIND or SY-PFKEY in control statements (IF, CASE).
How to use messages in lists?
ABAP/4  allows you to react to incorrect or doubtful user input by displaying messages that
influence the program flow depending on how serious the error was.  Handling messages is
mainly a topic of dialog programming.  You store and maintain messages in Table T100. 
Messages are sorted by language, by a two-character ID, and by a three-digit number.  You can
assign different message types to each message you output.  The influence of a message on the
program flow depends on the message type.  In our program, use the MESSAGE statement to
output messages statically or dynamically and to determine the message type.
Syntax:REPORT <rep> MESSAGE-ID <id>.
What are the types of messages?
A message can have five different types.  These message types have the following effects during
list processing:
.A (=Abend):
.E (=Error) or W (=Warning):
.I (=Information):
.S (=Success): 
What are the user interfaces of interactive lists?
If you want the user to communicate with the system during list display, the list must be
interactive.  You can define specific interactive possibilities in the status of the list’s user
interface (GUI).  To define the statuses of interfaces in the R/3 system, use the Menu Painter
tool.  In the Menu Painter, assign function codes to certain interactive functions.  After an user
action occurs on the completed interface, the ABAP/4 processor checks the function code and, if
valid, triggers the corresponding event. 
What are the drill-down features provided by ABAP/4 in interactive lists?
ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click)
or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers
of information about individual items in a list. 
What is meant by stacked list?
A stacked list is nothing but secondary list and is displayed on a full-size screen unless you have
specified its coordinates using the window command. 
Is the basic list deleted when the new list is created?
No.  It is not deleted and you can return back to it using one of the standard navigation functions
like clicking on the back button or the cancel button. 
What is meant by hotspots?
A Hotspot is a list area where the mouse pointer appears as an upright hand symbol. When a user
points to that area (and the hand cursor is active), a single click does the same thing as a double-
click.  Hotspots are supported from R/3 release 3.0c. 
What is the length of function code at user-command?
Each menu function, push button, or function key has an associated function code of length
FOUR (for example, FREE), which is available in the system field SYUCOMM after the user
action. 
Can we create a gui status in a program from the object browser?
Yes.  You can create a GUI STATUS in a program using SET PF-STATUS. 
In which system field does the name of current gui status is there?
The name of the current GUI STATUS is available in the system field SY-PFKEY. 
Can we display a list in a pop-up screen other than full-size stacked list?
Yes, we can display a list in a pop-up screen using the command WINDOW with the additions
starting at X1 Y1 and ending at X2 Y2 to set the upper-left and the lower-right corners where x1
y1 and x2 y2 are the coordinates. 
What is meant by hide area?
The hide command temporarily stores the contents of the field at the current line in a system-
controlled memory called the HIDE AREA.  At an interactive event, the contents of the field are
restored from the HIDE AREA. 
When the get cursor command used in interactive lists?
If the hidden information is not sufficient to uniquely identify the selected line, the command
GET CURSOR is used.  The GET CURSOR command returns the name of the field at the cursor
position in a field specified after the addition field, and the value of the selected field in a field
specified after value. 
How can you display frames (horizontal and vertical lines) in lists?
You can display tabular lists with horizontal and vertical lines (FRAMES) using the ULINE
command and the system field SY-VLINE.  The corners arising at the intersection of horizontal
and vertical lines are automatically drawn by the system.
What are the events used for page headers and footers?
The events TOP-OF-PAGE and END-OF-PAGE are used for pager headers and footers. 
How can you access the function code from menu painter?
From within the program, you can use the SY-UCOMM system field to access the function
code.  You can define individual interfaces for your report and assign them in the report to any
list level.  If you do not specify self-defined interfaces in the report but use at least one of the
three interactive event keywords.  AT LINE-SELECTION, AT PF<nn>, OR AT USER-
COMMAND in the program, the system automatically uses appropriate predefined standard
interfaces.  These standard interfaces provide the same functions as the standard list described
under the standard list. 
How the at-user command serves mainly in lists?
The AT USER-COMMAND event serves mainly to handle own function codes.  In this case,
you should create an individual interface with the Menu Painter and define such function codes. 
How to pass data from list to report?
ABAP/4 provides three ways of passing data:
---Passing data automatically using system fields
---Using statements in the program to fetch data
---Passing list attributes 
How can you manipulate the presentation and attributes of interactive lists?
---Scrolling through Interactive Lists.
---Setting the Cursor from within the Program.
---Modifying List Lines. 
How to call other programs?
Report                                                  Transaction
Call and return          SUBMIT AND RETURN                      CALL TRANSACTION
Call without return   SUBMIT                                             LEAVE TO TRANSACTION
You can use these statements in any ABAP/4 program. 
What will exactly the hide statement do?
For displaying the details on secondary lists requires that you have previously stored the contents
of the selected line from within the program.  To do this, ABAP/4 provides the HIDE statement. 
This statement stores the current field contents for the current list line.  When calling a secondary
list from a list line for which the HIDE fields are stored, the system fills the stored values back
into the variables in the program.  In the program code, insert the HIDE statement directly after
the WRITE statement for the current line.  Interactive lists provide the user with the so-called
‘INTERACTIVE REPORTING’ facility.  For background processing the only possible method
of picking the relevant data is through ‘NON INTERACTIVE REPORT’ .  After starting a
background job, there is no way of influencing the program.  But whereas for dialog sessions
there are no such restrictions. 
How many lists can a program can produce?
Each program can produce up to 21 lists: one basic list and 20 secondary lists.  If the user creates
a list on the next level (that is, SY-LSIND increases), the system stores the previous list and
displays the new one.  Only one list is active, and that is always the most recently created list.
       FALSE.

ABAP Data dictionary interview questions

Posted in May 17, 2009 ¬ 5:27 pmh. CINTHIA NAZNEEN

Q. What’s the full form of ECC?

Ans: Enterprice Central Component.

Q. What’s the full form of IDES?

Ans: Internet Demonstration and Evaluation System.

Q. What’s ABAP dictionary and its role in SAP?

Ans: ABAP dictionary is the central information base for the developers. This manages all
definitions(metadata) required for different applications in SAP. ABAP dictionary is completely
integrated into ABAP development workbench. All other component of ABAP development
workbench can access the data definitions(meta data) stored in the data dictionary.

Role: ABAP data dictionary supports

 definition of user-defined types (data elements, structures, table types).

 structure of database objects (tables, indexes and views) can also be defined.
These user-defined types/objects are then automatically created in the underlying relational
database using the above data definitions.
 The ABAP dictionary also provides tools for editing screen fields (e.g., for assigning a field an
input help i.e. F4 help).
 Data dictionary ensures data integrity, consistency and security.

Q. What are the main object types of ABAP dictionary?

Ans: The object types of ABAP dictionary can be of following type:

 Tables: Tables are defined in the ABAP Dictionary independently of the database.
A table having the same structure is then created from this table definition in the underlying
database.
 Views: are logical views on more than one table. The structure of the view is defined in the
ABAP Dictionary. A view on the database can then be created from this structure.
 Types (elements, structures, table types): Types are created in ABAP programs. The structure of
a type can be defined globally in ABAP programs. Changes to a type automatically take effect in
all the programs using the type.
 Lock objects:are used to synchronize access to the same data by more than one user. Function
modules that can be used in application programs are generated from the definition of a lock
object in the ABAP Dictionary.
 Domains: Different fields having the same technical type can be combined in domains. Domain
defines the value range of all table fields and structure components that refer to this domain.
 Data element: The ABAP Dictionary also contains the information displayed with the F1 and F4
help for a field in an input template. The documentation about the field is created for a data
element.
 Input help: The list of possible input values that appears for the input help is created by a
foreign key or a search help.

Q. Note on SAP tables(defining through ABAP dictionary).

Ans: Tables are defined independently of the database in ABAP dictionary. The fields of the
table are defined with their (Database-independent) data types and lengths. Using the table
definitions stored in the ABAP dictionary, a table is automatically created in the physical
database(when the table is activated).

Q. What are the components of a table definition.

Ans:

 Table fields: For table fields, field names and data types are defined.
 Foreign keys: Relationship between the table and the other tables are defined.
 Technical settings: Data class and size category defines that what type of table
to be created and how much space required.
 Indexes: Secondary indexes are created for a table for faster data selection.

Again following are defined for a table fields:

 Field name can be of maximum 16 characters in a table and must start with a letter.
 Key flag determines if a field should be the table key.
 Field type depicts the data type of the field in the ABAP dictionary.
 Field length denotes the number of valid places in the field.
 Decimal places Number of places after decimal point for float type value.
 Short text describes the business meaning of the field.

Also fields from other structures can be added to the table definition as include.

Q. How data Type, field Length and short Text of any field is assigned?

Ans: i. Data type, field length (and if necessary decimal places) short text can be directly
assigned to a field in the table definition.
ii. Data element can be assigned to a field so that data type, field length (and decimal places) are
automatically determined from the domain of the data element. The short description of the data
element is then assigned to the field as a short text.

Q. What are the assignment options to the field?

Ans: i. Direct assignment of data types, field length, short text to a field.

ii. Data element assignment to a field.

iii. An input check(check table) for a field can be defined with a foreign key.

iv. A search help can be assigned to a field.

v. Reference field or reference table must be specified for a table field that holds currency or
quantity type value.

Q. What’s reference table and reference field?

Ans: Reference table is specified for fields containing quantities(data type QUAN) or
currency(Data type CURR). This reference table must contain a field with the format for the
currency key (data type CUKY) or unit of measure (data type UNIT). This field is called the
reference field of the output field. The reference field can also reside in the table itself.

E.g.: TAB1 contains the field PRICE which holds price values. Field UNIT contains currency
key for PRICE.
So,TAB1 is the reference table for field PRICE and UNIT is the reference field for field PRICE.

Q. What’s table include?

Ans: In addition to listing the individual fields in a table or structure, fields from another
structure can be included as includes.

Q. What’s named include?

Ans: If an include is added to define a database table or database structure, a name can be
assigned to that included (included substructure). The group of fields of that include can be
addressed as a whole in ABAP application programs with a group name which is called as
named include.

E.g.:We can access field of a table/ structure in the ABAP application program in the following
manner:

1. <TABLE / STRUCTURE NAME > - < FIELD NAME>

2. <TABLE / STRUCTURE NAME > - <GROUP NAME>-<FIELD NAME>
3. <TABLE / STRUCTURE NAME > - <GROUP NAME>

Q. Give an example of nested include.

Ans: Structure S1 may include structure S2 and again S2 may include S3.

Q.What’s the maximum depth of nested includes in a table?

Ans: Maximum depth is 9 i.e. maximum 9 structures can be included in a table/structure.

Q. What’s the number of characters limit for field name?

Ans: A field name may not have more than 16 characters in a table, but in a structure maximum
30 characters are allowed for a field name.

Q. What are foreign keys?

Ans: Relationships between tables are defined in the ABAP dictionary by creating foreign keys.

Q. Whare are the uses of foreign keys in SAP?

Ans:
  Using foreign keys(as main table-field is linked with check table), input value check for any input
field can be done.
 Foreign keys can also be used to link several tables.

Explaination on foreign keys:

Suppose, tab1(Foreign key table or dependent table) contains the following fields:
fld1(primary key), fld2, fld3, fld4, fld5 and Tab2(Referenced table) contains the
following fields: fld6(primary key), fld7(primary key), fld8, fld9 and tab1-fld2 is
connected to tab2-fld5, tab1-fld4 is connected to tab2-fld6Therefore, fld2 and fld4 fields
of the table tab1 are called as foreign key fields to the table tab2 and tab2 is called as
check table or referenced table.

Q. What are foreign key fields?

Ans: One field of the foreign key table corresponds to each key field of the check table. That
field of the is called as foreign key field.

Uses: A foreign key permits assigning data records in the foreign key table and check table. One
record of the foreign key table uniquely identifies a record of the check table (using the value
entries in the foreign key fields of the foreign key table).

Q. What’s check table?

Ans: Check table is maintained at field level for data validation.

Q. What’s check field?

Ans: One of the foreign key field is marked as the check field. This depicts that the foreign key
relationship is maintained for that field. When a value is entered for that check field in the table,
input validation checking is done i.e. a checking is done that whether the inserted value exists in
the check table or not. If doesn’t exist then system rejects the entry else input validation check
for that field is successful.

Q. What’s generic and constant foreign keys?

Q. What’s cardinality?

Q. What are the types of foreign key fields?

Q. What are text table?

Q. What is ‘technical settings’ of a table?What are the important parameters to be

mentioned within it?

Q. What’s data class?

Ans: Data class is that which allows the table to get automatically assigned under specific
tablespace/dbspace during table creation in the SAP database i.e. dataclass determines that under
which table space/dbspace the table will be stored.

Q. How many types of data classes are there in SAP?

Data classes are mainly of three types(for application tables):

i.Choose APPL0(master data) for data that is frequently accessed but rarely updated/changed.
ii.Choose APPL1(transaction data) for data that is frequently changed.
iii.Choose APPL2(organizational data) for customizing data that is defined/entered
during system installation and rarely changed.

The other two types of data classes are:USR and USR1(for customer’s own development
purpose).

Q. What’s size category?

Ans: The Size category is used to defined the space requirement for the table in the database.

Q. How many types of size category are there in SAP?

Ans: There are five size categories. Size category from 0 to 4 can be choosen for the tables. A
certain fixed memory size is assigned to each category in the SAP database.

Q. What’s the utility of size category?

Ans: During table creation, the SAP system reserves an initial space i.e. an initial extent) in the
database.If in any case more space is needed, then additional memory is added according to the
mentioned size category for that table. correct size category prevents the creation of a large
number of small extents for a table i.e. prevents memory wastage.

Q. What’s buffering?

Q. How buffers are filled up?

Q. What are the different buffering types?

Q. What are the different buffering permissions?

Q. How database tables are buffered?

Q. What’s logging?

Q. How many tables are there in SAP?

Ans: i. Transparent tables, ii. Pool tables, iii. Cluster tables.

Q. What is transparent table?

Ans: The tables which create 1-to-1 correspondence between the table definition in the ABAP
data dictionary and the table definition in the physical database are called as transparent tables in
SAP.

Q. Give examples of transparent table.

Ans: VBAK, VBAP, KNA1 etc.

Q. What is table pool?

Ans: Table pool is a table in the SAP database in which many pool tables are assigned.

Q. What are pool tables?

Ans: Tables assigned to a table pool are called as pool tables.

Q. What are table clusters?

Ans: Table cluster is a table in the SAP database in which many cluster tables are stored.

Q. What are clustered tables?

Ans: Tables assigned to a Table cluster are called as clustered tables.

Q. Uses of table pool or table cluster.

Ans: Table pool or table cluster is used to store SAP’s internal control information (screen
sequences, program parameters, temporary data, continuous texts such as documentation).

Q. Example of table cluster and cluster tables.

Ans: i. The table cluster RFBLG holds data for five transparent tables i.e. BSEC, BSED, BSEG,
BSES and BSET.

ii. Other examples of table clusters are CDCLS, CDHDR, RFBLG, DOKCLU, DOKTL .

Q. What are the differences between transparent and cluster/pool tables?

Ans: i. A transparent table has 1-to-1 cardinality between the table definition in the data
dictionary and in the table definition of sap database whereas cluster/pool tables have many-to-1
cardinality between the table definition in the data dictionary and in the table definition of sap
database.
ii. Transparent tables are accessible both by Open and native SQL statements whereas table
pool/cluster tables are accessible only by open SQL but never by native SQL.

iii. Transparent tables can store table relevant data whereas table pool or cluster tables can store
only system data/ application data based on the transparent tables.

Q. What are tabs under the maintenance screen of the ABAP data dictionary screen?

Ans: There are five tabs under ABAP dictionary.

i.Attributes,
ii.Delivery & maintenance,
iii. Fields,
iv. Entry help/check,
v. Currency/Quantity fields.

Q. What is delivery class?

Ans: We need to insert an delivery class value while creating customized table in SAP through
the transaction code SE11. Delivery class is that which regulates the transport of the table’s data
records (during SAP installations, SAP software upgrade, client copies, and data transport to
other SAP system). SAP and its customers have different write types depending on the variety of
delivery class. If Delivery class is A, it depicts that the application table for master and
transaction data changes only rarely.

Q. How many types of delivery classes are there in SAP?

Ans: There are following delivery classes:

i. A: Application table (master and transaction data) is maintained by the customers

using application transaction.

ii. C: Customer table. Data is maintained only by the customer.

iii. L: Table for storing temporary data.

iv. G: Customer table, new data records can be inserted but may not overwrite or delete existing
ones.

v. E: System table with its own namespaces for customer entries.

vi. S: System table, data changes have the status of program changes i.e. System table
for program’s nature. Maintained only by SAP. E.g.: Codes for SAP transactions.

vii. W: System table for system operation and maintenance. Table contents are maintained by
maintenance transactions. E.g.: function module table.
Q. What are the differences between domain and data element?

Ans: i.Domain depicts the technical attributes of a field (its data type, field length, no. of decimal
places, appreance on the sreen) of a SAP database table. Whereas data element denotes the
semantic attributes(short description, label names) for a field.

ii.Data elements are directly attaced to the fields of SAP database tables and each data element
has an underlying domain within it. Whereas domains are not directly attached to the fields and a
single domain can be under many data elements.

iii.Within domain value range of a field can be described. Whereas within the data element
parameter id and search help for a particular field can be assigned.

Q. What’s value table?

Ans: Value table is maintained at domain level in SAP. During domain creation, value range of
the domain is defined by specifying value table. Suppose for a particular domain, its value table
holds the values ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘Z’. So whenever the domain will be used, system will allow to use
these values only.

Re: How you can perform field-validation in your dialog program ? Answer
#2

You can validate your fields in the PAI module of the

program by placing them between the CHAIN & ENDCHAIN
Statement.

Re: HOW MANY EDITORS ARE THERE IN SAP ABAP. WHAT ARE THEY AND THERE USES. Answer
#2

Hi,
I think there r 3 types of editors.
1. ABAP Editor------> SE38.
2. Screen Editor----> SE51.
3. Script Editor----> Se71.