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2 Notes RXN Base

This document describes tests to identify ammonium, copper, ferrous, ferric, and zinc ions in solution. Ammonium ions can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide, which releases a smelly ammonia gas and turns red litmus blue. Copper, ferrous, ferric, and zinc ions can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, which produce characteristic precipitates and solubility changes depending on the metal ion present. The precipitates and their solubility in excess alkali provide clues to identify the positive metal cation in solution.

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Adam Carnell
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83 views1 page

2 Notes RXN Base

This document describes tests to identify ammonium, copper, ferrous, ferric, and zinc ions in solution. Ammonium ions can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide, which releases a smelly ammonia gas and turns red litmus blue. Copper, ferrous, ferric, and zinc ions can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, which produce characteristic precipitates and solubility changes depending on the metal ion present. The precipitates and their solubility in excess alkali provide clues to identify the positive metal cation in solution.

Uploaded by

Adam Carnell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reaction of bases

Test for ammonium ( NH4+)

Ammonium ion Add sodium hydroxide Smelly ammonia released! Ammonia gas is evolved
solution to the suspected when NaOH solution is
NH4+ ammonium salt and red litmus turns blue. added to an ammonium salt

Test any gas above the


solution with red litmus.

Test for copper (Cu2+), ferrous (Fe2+), ferric (Fe3+), zinc (Zn2+)

Positive metal cations (copper, Dilute sodium hydroxide Dilute ammonium hydroxide
ferrous,ferric , zinc) : solution is added to a solution solution is added to a solution
containing the suspected ion. containing the suspected ion.
Using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or
ammonia (NH3) solutions. Both the precipitate formed and Both the precipitate formed and
the effect of excess alkali are the effect of excess alkali are
important observations. important observations.

NaOH solution NH4OH solution

Cu2+ In drops Blue precipitate

In excess of copper (II) hydroxide, which


is not soluble in excess of
NaOH.
Fe2+ In drops
Dark green precipitate

of iron(II) hydroxide, which is


In excess not soluble in excess of NaOH.
Fe3+ In drops
Brown precipitate
In excess
of iron(III) hydroxide, which is
not soluble in excess of NaOH.
Zn2+ In drops
White precipitate

In excess of zinc hydroxide, which


dissolves in excess sodium
hydroxide to give a clear
colourless solution

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