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Operators

The document discusses operators in quantum mechanics. An operator acts on a function to produce another function. Common operators are partial derivative operators (∂/∂x). When an operator is applied to a function, it yields an eigenvalue and eigenfunction. Eigenvalues are constant values produced by the operator, while eigenfunctions are the functions produced along with the eigenvalue. If an operator produces the same eigenvalue for different functions, the eigenvalue is degenerate. If two operators produce the same function when acting on a function, the function is a simultaneous eigenfunction. The momentum operator corresponds to linear momentum in quantum mechanics and can be constructed from substitutions involving partial derivatives and Planck's constant.

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66 views7 pages

Operators

The document discusses operators in quantum mechanics. An operator acts on a function to produce another function. Common operators are partial derivative operators (∂/∂x). When an operator is applied to a function, it yields an eigenvalue and eigenfunction. Eigenvalues are constant values produced by the operator, while eigenfunctions are the functions produced along with the eigenvalue. If an operator produces the same eigenvalue for different functions, the eigenvalue is degenerate. If two operators produce the same function when acting on a function, the function is a simultaneous eigenfunction. The momentum operator corresponds to linear momentum in quantum mechanics and can be constructed from substitutions involving partial derivatives and Planck's constant.

Uploaded by

Inam Rajj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By

Zara Maryem
Operators
•It is mathematical entity which when operated
on a function, the function changes to another
function.
•It is denoted by Ô, or d /dx , d ²/dx ².
•Ψ is another entity.

Example
Now we operate operator  which is function of
x and ∂/∂x.
Â( x, ∂/∂x)= Â ∂/∂x . X
Now operating above operator on certain
function Ψ.
Â( x, ∂/∂x) Ψ = ( ∂/∂x . X) Ψ
Â( x, ∂/∂x) Ψ= ∂x /∂x . Ψ+ x ∂ Ψ /∂x
Â( x, ∂/∂x) Ψ= Ψ+x ∂ Ψ /∂x
Ψ is an arbitrary function. So
Â( x, ∂/∂x) Ψ= (1+x ∂ /∂x ) Ψ
Â( x, ∂/∂x) = (1+x ∂ /∂x )
This is operator equation.
Eigenvalue & Eigen Function
When operator is applied to any function, it gives us a
constant value. That constant value is called eigen value.

When operator is applied to any function it also gives


us a function along with eigenvalue , is called eigen function.

We can solve the eigenvalue equation as,

ˆ n  n n


We obtain eigenfunctions and eigenvalues


Degenerate Eigen value

If same operators operates on different


functions and gives same eigen values then these
same eigen values are known as Degenerate eigen
values,
Example,

Degenerate eigen value


Simultaneous Eigen Function

If two different operators operate on same


function and functions come out to be same,
then those functions are called Simultaneous
eigen function.

Example:

Simultaneous Eigen Function


The Momentum Operator

The operator that corresponds to linear


momentum is called momentum operator .
We can construct the corresponding operator
from the substitution:

Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics


 
x px xˆ   x ; pˆ x  
i x
 
y py yˆ   y ; pˆ y  
i y
 
z pz zˆ   z ; pˆ z  
i z
Derivation of momentum operator

The wave function in space can be defined as,

Ψ=A eί(kx-ωt)

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