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Probability: Marwah Yash

Probability is a measure of uncertainty and can be quantified mathematically. It is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. For example, when rolling a standard six-sided die, the probability of rolling a 3 is 1/6 since there is one favorable outcome (3) out of a total of six possible outcomes. Probability is used widely in natural and social sciences to quantify chances and likelihoods.

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62 views

Probability: Marwah Yash

Probability is a measure of uncertainty and can be quantified mathematically. It is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. For example, when rolling a standard six-sided die, the probability of rolling a 3 is 1/6 since there is one favorable outcome (3) out of a total of six possible outcomes. Probability is used widely in natural and social sciences to quantify chances and likelihoods.

Uploaded by

yuktim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability

Marwah Yash
• Sometimes we say, “probably it may rain”
or “Probably he may get more than 90% in
the examination" etc.
• These are elements of certainty.
• Means we are not certain about some
things.
• In mathematics these comes under
Probability.
• The theory of probability is widely used in
the area of natural as well as social
science.
Probability as a Measure of
Uncertainty
• Suppose we through a die which is a well
balanced cube with its six faces marked
numbers from 1 to 6
• One number of one face, we see the
number which come up on its uppermost
face.
• A die can fall with any of its face upper
most.
• The number on each of the face is equally
likely and possible outcome. There are six
equally likely outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 in
a single throw of a die.
• The chance of any number ‘say 3’ to come
up is 1 out of 6. That is probability of 3
coming up is 1/6 
i.e. p(3) = 1/6
• Similarly in tossing a coin, we may get either
head (H) or tail (T) up and P(H) = ½
• Hence probability of an event E is
Probability of an impossible event
• There are only six possible outcome in a
single throw of a die. If we want to find
probability of 7 or 8 to come up, then in
that case number of possible or favorable
outcome is O (zero), hence P(7) = 0/6 = 0
• i.e. probability of an impossible event is
zero.
• If we consider to find the probability of number less
than 7, then all six cases are favorable and hence
P (number less than 7) = 6/6 = 1
• i.e. probability of sure event is 1
• Now, P (3) = 1/6, then probability of numbers of
other than 3 must be 5/6
Examples
1. Write the sample space of the
experiment
• Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(s) = 6
2.Find the probability of getting a number
greater than 4.
• E = event of getting a number greater
than 4= {5, 6}
n (E) = 2
P (> 4) = Probability of a number
greater than 4
= n(E)/n(S) = 2/6 = 1/3
3.Find the probability of getting a prime
number.
• E = Event of getting a prime number 
 = {2, 3, 5}
n (E) = 3
P(Prime number) = Probability of a prime
number
• Thank you !

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