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Female Reproductive System: Reported By: Pamela Aikko P. Monforte

The female reproductive system consists of external and internal structures that produce hormones, eggs, and support embryo development. The internal structures include the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandins regulate the menstrual cycle of the uterus and development of eggs. Common gynecologic problems affect menstruation, menopause, infections, and cancers.

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65 views20 pages

Female Reproductive System: Reported By: Pamela Aikko P. Monforte

The female reproductive system consists of external and internal structures that produce hormones, eggs, and support embryo development. The internal structures include the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandins regulate the menstrual cycle of the uterus and development of eggs. Common gynecologic problems affect menstruation, menopause, infections, and cancers.

Uploaded by

dodge_dj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Female Reproductive

System
Reported by: Pamela Aikko P. Monforte
Functions of the Female Reproductive
System
• Produce sex hormones
• Produce functioning
gametes (ova)
• Support and protect
developing embryo
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• The female reproductive
system consists of those
structures within the female
body that are designed to
create and nourish new life.

• Divided into two parts:


1. External Genitalia
2. Internal Genitalia
External Genitalia
Internal Genitalia
Blood Supply to Internal Reproductive Organs
Female Mammary Glands
Female Mammary Glands
• The breasts, or mammary glands are
considered accessories of the reproductive
system meant to nourish the infant after birth.
• Develop in response to secretions from the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries.
• Also considered an organ for sexual arousal in
the mature adult.
Female Hormones
Estrogens
• Hormones associated with characteristics contributing
to “femaleness”
• Major estrogenic effects are due primarily to three
classical estrogens: estrone, B-estradiol and estriol
• Assist in maturation of the ovarian follicles and cause
endometrial mucosa to proliferate following
menstruation
• Inhibit FSH production and stimulate LH production
• Increase sexual desire in women.
Progesterone

Female Hormones • Hormone of pregnancy


• Secreted by corpus luteum and is
found in greatest amounts during the
secretory (luteal) phase of menstrual
cycle.
• It decrease uterine motility and
contractility caused by estrogens,
thereby preparing the uterus for
implantation.
• Causes uterine endometrium to
further increase its supply of
glycogen, arterial blood, secretory
glands, amino acids and water.
• Prepares the breasts for lactation
Prostaglandins

• Oxygenated fatty acids that are produced by the


cells of the endometrium and are also classified as
hormones.
• Two primary types of prostaglandins: Group E and
F
• PGE relaxes smooth muscles and is a potent
vasodilator; PGF is a potent vasoconstrictor and
increases the contractility of muscles and arteries.
• Prostaglandin production increases foliicular
maturation
Menstruation
• Cyclic uterine bleeding in response
to cyclic hormonal changes which
starts usually between 10-16 years
of age.
• The menstrual cycle is under a
feedback control system of three
interrelated cycle: the
hypothalamic-pituitary cycle,
ovarian cycle and uterine cycle.
• It occurs every 28-38 days; duration
of 3-7 days with blood loss
averaging 30 ml.
• Emotional and physical factors such
as illness, excessive fatigue, stress
or anxiety and vigorous exercise can
alter the cycle interval.
Ovarian Cycle
•Follicular phase (days 1-14): Primordial follicle matures
under influence of FSH and LH up to the time of
ovulation
Menstruation
•Luteal phase (days 15-28): Ovum leaves follicle; corpus
luteum develops under LH influence and produces high
levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen.

Menstrual Cycle
•Menstrual phase (days 1-6): Estrogen levels are low,
cervical mucus is scant, viscous and opaque.
•Proliferative phase (days 7-14): Estrogen peaks prior to
ovulation. Cervical mucus at ovulation is clear, thin,
watery, alkaline and more favorable to sperm; shows
ferning pattern; and has spinnbarkeit greater than 5
cm. Just before ovulation, body temperature may drop
slightly, then at ovulation body temperature rises
sharply and remains elevated under the influence of
progesterone.
•Secretory phase (days 15-26): Estrogen drops sharply,
and progesterone dominates.
•Ischemic phase (days 27-28): Both estrogen and
progesterone levels drop.
Gynecologic Problems
• Dysmenorrhea
• Premenstrual syndrome
• Amenorrhea
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Endometriosis
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Menopause
• Vaginitis
• Vulvitis
• Fistulas
• Uterine leiomyomas
• cancer

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