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HYDROGEN-" As A Fuel Cell": BY: Rahul Bhoj - 55 Vaibhav Godse - 74 Phani Sashikant - Siddhanth Tyagi - Ankit Sethi

Hydrogen has potential as a clean-burning fuel for vehicles. It produces only water vapor as a byproduct and can be produced from various domestic resources. Fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen have been shown to have lower well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage than gasoline or diesel vehicles. However, widespread adoption of hydrogen faces challenges related to vehicle costs, fuel storage and transportation infrastructure, and fuel production. Some countries have begun trials of hydrogen fuel cell buses and vehicles to demonstrate the technology.

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93 views28 pages

HYDROGEN-" As A Fuel Cell": BY: Rahul Bhoj - 55 Vaibhav Godse - 74 Phani Sashikant - Siddhanth Tyagi - Ankit Sethi

Hydrogen has potential as a clean-burning fuel for vehicles. It produces only water vapor as a byproduct and can be produced from various domestic resources. Fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen have been shown to have lower well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage than gasoline or diesel vehicles. However, widespread adoption of hydrogen faces challenges related to vehicle costs, fuel storage and transportation infrastructure, and fuel production. Some countries have begun trials of hydrogen fuel cell buses and vehicles to demonstrate the technology.

Uploaded by

praneshsonal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYDROGEN- “ As a fuel cell”

BY:
RAHUL BHOJ – 55
VAIBHAV GODSE – 74
PHANI SASHIKANT –
SIDDHANTH TYAGI -
ANKIT SETHI -
contents
Introduction, History and development.
Fuel cell.
Well to wheel analysis, emission study.
Cost benefit analysis.
Challenges, advantages and present scenario.
BIZZARE SCENERIO
Reliance on foreign oil
Price shocks that can wreck
By products of present
the economy
day energy scenario
Wars
Air pollution
Global warming
WHY HYDROGEN-???
Fact file
 Hydrogen makes up 90% of the known universe, today.
 it is the third most abundant element on Earth.
 Most hydrogen is currently produced out of natural gas or it can
be produced from water .
 contains more useful energy per pound than any other
Fuel.
 the only byproducts created are electricity, water and
useful heat.
----no particulates, no carbon dioxide, and no smog
Sources of hydrogen
Fossil based:
reforming.
coal gasification.
• Non fossil based:
industrial waste.
photo electrochemical system.
thermal processing
electrolysis
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
 The GM 1966 Electrovan
 The 2001 Chrysler Natrium used its own on-board hydrogen processor
 The first public hydrogen refueling station was opened in Iceland in
April 2003
 In 2003 President George Bush proposed the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative
(HFI)
 In 2005 the British firm Intelligent Energy produced the first ever
working hydrogen run motorcycle called the ENV (Emission Neutral
Vehicle).
 Japan also has a hydrogen highway, as part of the
Japan hydrogen fuel cell project
FUEL CELL
How a fuel cell works?
Fuel cell works on chemical reaction not on
combustion process.
Flow Diagram
How electricity generated is utilized?

AIR

FUEL MOT
FUEL FUEL CELL INVERTER
PROCESSO OR
TANK STACK DC-AC
R
LPG
GASOLINE
ETHANOL
WATE
R
TANK
Types of fuel cells
• Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) or
• Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
(PEMFC)
• Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
• Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
• Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
• Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)
WELL-TO-WHEEL ANALYSIS
 IS A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS AT EVERY STAGE OF PROCESS

FROM THE MOMENT, THE FUEL IS PRODUCED


AT THE “WELL” TO THE MOMENT THE
“WHEELS” ARE MOVED .
EUROPEAN STUDY BY GENERAL
MOTORS, BP, EXXON MOBIL , SHELL ,
TOTALFINAELF

NORTH AMERICAN STUDY BY


GENERALMOTORS, EXXON MOBIL ,
SHELL
GHG EMISSIONS ( g/Km )
250 222
202.5
200
166
150

100 96

50 25
0
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS (MJ/Km)
6
4.93
5
4
3 2.65
2.19
2 1.73 1.76
1
0
CONCLUSIONS
 FUEL CELL VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN
OBTAINED FROM WIND ENERGY HAVE
LOWEST GHG EMISSIONS

 FUEL CELL VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN


OBTAINED FROM NATURAL GAS
CONSUME LEAST AMOUNT OF ENERGY
GHG EMISSIONS ( g/mile )
800
700 675
600 544
500 472
400
300 286
200
100
0
ENERGY USE ( BTU/mile )
9000 8289
8000
6949
7000
6000 5735
5000 4625
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
CONCLUSIONS

 FUEL CELL VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN


OBTAINED FROM NATURAL GAS HAVE
LOWEST GHG EMISSIONS

 FUEL CELL VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN


OBTAINED FROM NATURAL GAS CONSUME
LEAST AMOUNT OF ENERGY .
FUEL CONSUMPTION & GHG
EMISSIONS
FUEL CO2 CH4 N2O
( MJ/Km) ( g/Km) ( g/Km) ( g/Km)

GASOLINE 1.9 139.4 0.017 0.0017

DIESEL 1.8 131.4 0.009 0.0054

CNG 1.47 82.6 0.074 0.0017

HYDROGEN
FUEL CELL 0.94 0 0 0
CONCLUSIONS

 FUEL CELL VEHICLES (FCV) USING


HYDROGEN PRODUCED FROM NATURAL
GAS EMITS 60% FEWER GHGS THAN
TODAY’S GASOLINE VEHICLE .

 35% FEWER GHGS THAN NATURAL


GAS VEHICLES .
Cost Benefit Analysis
 A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Perth’s Hydrogen Fuel
Cell Buses

Source: Emissions data for Perth from Beer et al.


For Diesel powered vehicle
Economic and
Technical
Specification for the $0.35/km
Average Perth Diesel- $11,000 engine replaced every 1,000,000 km
Powered Bus
Maintenance costs

19.3 MJ/km (2.00 km/l diesel)


Energy consumption
$0.28/km @ $0.57/l (net of tax)
Emissions (g/km) Combustion Fuel Production Total
CO 4.44 0.44 4.88
NOx 18.22 1.93 20.15
NMHC 1.62 1.09 2.71
Particulates (PM10) 0.681 0.105 0.786
CO2 emissions 1290 370 1660 (3.32 kg/l)
For CNG Powered vehicles
Table 3: Economic $0.50/km
and Technical $11,000 engine replaced every 500,000 km
Specification for the
CNG-Powered Bus
Maintenance costs
Energy 24.8 MJ/km (1.57 km/m3 CNG)
consumption $0.36/km @ $0.57/m3 (net of tax)
Emissions (g/km) Combustion Fuel Production Total
CO 0.074 0.17 0.24
NOx 2.82 0.64 3.47
NMHC 0.47 0.60 1.07
Particulates (PM10) 0.017 0.011 0.028
CO2 emissions 1340 290 1630 (2.56 kg/m3)
For Hydrogen Powered vehicles
Table 4: Economic and $0.50/km
Technical Specification $12,000 fuel cell stack replaced every 5,000 hrs
for the Hydrogen/Fuel
Cell Bus Maintenance
costs
Energy consumption 11.99 MJ/km (10 km/kg)
$0.42/km @ $4.16/kg (net of tax): H2 from wind/electrolysis
Emissions (g/km) Combustion Fuel Production Fuel Production
Steam Methane Onshore wind and
Reforming (SMR) with electrolysis
CO2 sequestration
CO 0.0 0.14 0.09
NOx 0.0 0.64 0.47
NMHC 0.0 0.40 0.44
Particulates (PM10) 0.0 0.0081 0.0029
CO2 emissions 0.0 99.8 95
CHALLENGES

 VEHICLE COST & AVAILABILITY


 ONBOARD FUEL STORAGE
 TRANSPORT OF HYDROGEN
 BULK STORAGE
 WARMING TIME
ADVANTAGES
EFFICIENCY
ENVIROMENT ALLY PREFERABBLE.
FEWER MOVING PARTS.
RELIABILITY.
QUALITY OF LIFE.
PRESENT SCENERIO
 Prototype fuel cell buses powered by compressed hydrogen are
currently undergoing field trials in Australia (Perth)9, Japan and
North America, while the European Commission (EC) is
supporting the demonstration of three fuel cell buses in Iceland
and three in each of nine European cities over a two-year period,
which commenced in 2003.10 In addition, the United Nations
Development Program Global Environmental Facility is
supporting a project to demonstrate the technology using 46
buses powered by fuel cells in the heavily polluted cities of
Beijing, Cairo, Mexico City, New Delhi, Sao Paulo and Shanghai
THANK YOU

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