Scribd
Upload
7K views

Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

This document provides an overview of engineering graphics and the fundamentals of engineering drawing. It discusses the different methods for producing engineering drawings, including sketching, manual drafting, and computer-aided drafting. It also covers important aspects of engineering drawings such as drawing standards, scales, line styles, lettering and numbering. The key topics include the importance of graphical communication in engineering, the equipment and software used, drawing layout and sheet elements, projection methods, and conforming to relevant drafting standards.

Uploaded by

engidadereje
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views

Lecture 1 - Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

This document provides an overview of engineering graphics and the fundamentals of engineering drawing. It discusses the different methods for producing engineering drawings, including sketching, manual drafting, and computer-aided drafting. It also covers important aspects of engineering drawings such as drawing standards, scales, line styles, lettering and numbering. The key topics include the importance of graphical communication in engineering, the equipment and software used, drawing layout and sheet elements, projection methods, and conforming to relevant drafting standards.

Uploaded by

engidadereje
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Fundamentals of Engineering

Drawing

LECTURE 1
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS 232
Introduction

Engineering graphics is
 is a graphical communication language of engineers,
 a system of communication, which employs lines, characters
and symbols to represent three-dimensional objects two-
dimensionally
 used to represent initial concepts and final working drawings
Methods for producing engineering drawings:
 Sketching
 Manual Drafting
 Computer-Aided Drafting / Drawing (CAD)
Sketching/freehand drawing

is one of the quickest ways to graphically express


ideas, concepts and designs.
is an integral part of the design and development
process.
Materials required for sketching
 Sketching paper(Graph paper)
 Lead pencils and erasers
 Trigonometry set (compass, triangles and ruler)
 Templates (circles, curves)
Manual Drafting

is created on a paper or polyester film using manual


drawing instruments and equipment.
Instruments used
 Drawing board and T-square or Drafting machine
 Compass
 set squares ( 45, 30-60)
 Protractor
 Lead pencils
 Eraser
Widely replaced by CADD in industry
Fig. 1 Manual drafting equipments
Fig. 1 Manual drafting equipments cont’d
Computer-Aided Drafting/Drawing

includes 2D projections and 3D solid modelling.


Some of popular software used for drawing and
design of products are:
 AutoCAD and Inventor (Autodesk, Inc.).
 CATIA (Dassault Systems)
 MicroStation (Bentley Systems, Inc.)
 SolidWorks (SolidWorks Corporation, InterCAD)
 Solid Edge (UGS, The PLM Company)
 ArchiCAD Design / Building Series (GraphiSoft)
Drawing Standards

Importance of drawing standards


ISO standard
Australian Standard related to engineering drawing:
Basics of Engineering Drawing
Drawing sheets

Sizes:
 Factors that affect the selection of drawing sheets size includes:
 the complexity of drawing,
 amount of information contained and
 the drawing equipment.

Table 1: Dimensions of preferred sheets


Layout

Fig 2. Layout of a drawing sheet for detail drawing


Layout

Fig 3. Layout of a drawing sheet for assembly drawing


Borders/Frames

The drawing area on a drawing sheet is enclosed by a border (frame).


Borders/Frames

Table 2: Dimensions for drawing frames and margins


Elements of a drawing sheet

1. Title Block
Its recommended position is in the lower right-hand
corner.
It is also allowed to be placed in the upper-right hand
corner if required.
The contents of a title block include
 drawing identification,
 company name,
 confidential statement,
 sheet size,
 scale,
 drafter and engineer’s names, and
 history of construction and revisions etc.
Recommended
dimensions of title
blocks

Fig 4. Title blocks for


various size sheets
Table 3: Location of contents of a title block
LOCATION INFORMATION
A Name of company, e.g. Curtin University, ABC Engineering, etc.
B Title of drawing, e.g. Crank shaft, bearing pedestal etc.
C Drawing identification number
D Information regarding drawing preparation, e.g. names / signatures
of drafter, checker and approver, etc.
E Code identification number of the design authority (if needed)
F Drawing sheet size
G Scale of drawing, e.g. SCALE 1:1, SCALE 1:2, SCALE 5:1, etc
H Miscellaneous information
…. More blocks can be added for general information, such as
tolerancing and finishing notes
Elements of a drawing sheet

2. System of Projection:
 Method of project must be shown in a prominent position.
 It could be an appropriate projection symbol or words .

a b
Fig 5: Method of projection a) third angle projection, b) first angle projection
Elements of a drawing sheet

3. Prohibition of Scaling:
 Scaling dimensions directly from a drawing is extremely dangerous and
must be prohibited using the phrase “DO NOT SCALE”.
4. Dimensional Units:
 The correct dimensional units must be indicated on a drawing. For
metric units, this is done by including the phrase “ALL DIMENSIONS
IN MILLIMETRES”.
5. Drafting Standard:
 Conformance to the particular edition of a drafting standard should be
shown. For example, DRAFTING STANDARD AS 1100 – 1992
6. Other Information:
 Where it is appropriate, space in the area to the left of title block should
be provided for other relevant information such as tolerance notes,
heat treatment and machining requirements etc.
Drawing Scale

Why scale?
Types of scale
1. Full Size:
 In this case, the drawing size is equal to the size of the object. This
scale is indicated as SCALE 1:1.
2. Reduction Ratios (Scaling down):
 In this case, the drawing size is smaller than the size of the object.

3. Enlargement Ratios (Scaling up):


 In this case, the drawing size is greater than the size of the object.
For small objects, drawn using large scales, a full-size view of the
object should be added to the drawing.
Drawing Scale

recommended scales for mechanical engineering


drawings are shown below.
Table 4: Engineering drawing scales
Full size and 5:1 2:1 10:1
enlargement ratios 1:1

1:2 1:2.5 1:5 1:10


1:20 1:25 1:50 1:100
1:200 1:250 1:500 1:1 000
Reduction ratios 1:2 000 1:2 500 1:5 000 1:10 000
1:25 000 1:50 000 1:100 000
Drawing Scale

Indicating scale on drawing


The scale of a drawing should be shown by:
 Block or graduated scale
 The “SCALE” word followed by the ratio. For example,
SCALE 1:100.
 “NOT TO SCALE” words in or near the title block or a
diagonal line through the space reserved for the indication of
scale ratio specifies that the drawing is not drawn to any
consistent scale.

NOTE: Regardless of the scale used, the actual values


of dimensions are indicated on the drawing.
Line styles and application

 Lines on a drawing illustrate the shape and size of objects


that will later become real parts.
 A particular line type is defined by two essential features
 shape of the line, and
 thickness (or line weight) of the line.

Note that:
• Lines on drawing sheets
should be clear, uniform in
thickness, dark and must be of
a quality that reproduces
easily.
• There should be no variation
in darkness
Fig 6: Commonly used line types
Fig 7: Definition and application of the standard line types
Fig 7: Definition and application of the standard line types cont’d
Line styles and application cont’d

Notes on definition and application of the standard line types (Fig 7):
1. It is desired to restrict line thickness to two on any one drawing. A
medium thickness line may be used by some drafting disciplines.
2. It is recommended that only one thickness of dashed line be used.
3. Proportion of spaces is as specified for type G.
Order of Precedence
 Visible outlines and edges
 Hidden lines
 Cutting plane lines
 Centre line
 Centroidal lines
 Projection lines
Fig 8: Application of Line types
Fig 9: Poor definition of line types
Letters and Numbers

Letters and numbers are used to represent notes, dimensions,


and specifications, which can not be represented graphically.
According to AS 1100.101, the basic form of letters and
characters on a drawing should be similar to either Gothic or
ISO Type B character sets.
Upper case letters should be used except for conventional
applications such as mm, kg etc.
Only one style of characters should be used through a drawing
Vertical characters should be used for titles, drawing and
reference numbers
Fig 10: Lettering and numerals suggested by Standards Australia
References:
 Lecture Note- week 1 Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

You might also like