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    Cracking

    Uploaded by

    Paul Burgess
    Large hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil can be cracked (broken down) into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes using a porous catalyst. This is done by passing the vaporized hydrocarbons over the heated catalyst. One product is the alkene ethene, which can be identified by the bromine water test where bromine water shaken with the gas turns from orange to colorless. The document then discusses experiments on cracking liquid paraffin over porous pot catalyst and measuring the effect of temperature on product formation. Boiling points of alkanes increase with carbon number. Finally, it notes that while crude oil production increased until the late 2000s, demand has leveled off in recent years.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Cracking

    Uploaded by

    Paul Burgess
    2K views6 pages
    Large hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil can be cracked (broken down) into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes using a porous catalyst. This is done by passing the vaporized hydrocarbons over the heated catalyst. One product is the alkene ethene, which can be identified by the bromine water test where bromine water shaken with the gas turns from orange to colorless. The document then discusses experiments on cracking liquid paraffin over porous pot catalyst and measuring the effect of temperature on product formation. Boiling points of alkanes increase with carbon number. Finally, it notes that while crude oil production increased until the late 2000s, demand has leveled off in recent years.

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    Large hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil can be cracked (broken down) into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes using a porous catalyst. This is done by passing the vaporized hydrocarbons over the heated catalyst. One product is the alkene ethene, which can be identified by the bromine water test where bromine water shaken with the gas turns from orange to colorless. The document then discusses experiments on cracking liquid paraffin over porous pot catalyst and measuring the effect of temperature on product formation. Boiling points of alkanes increase with carbon number. Finally, it notes that while crude oil production increased until the late 2000s, demand has leveled off in recent years.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views6 pages

    Cracking

    Uploaded by

    Paul Burgess
    Large hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil can be cracked (broken down) into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes using a porous catalyst. This is done by passing the vaporized hydrocarbons over the heated catalyst. One product is the alkene ethene, which can be identified by the bromine water test where bromine water shaken with the gas turns from orange to colorless. The document then discusses experiments on cracking liquid paraffin over porous pot catalyst and measuring the effect of temperature on product formation. Boiling points of alkanes increase with carbon number. Finally, it notes that while crude oil production increased until the late 2000s, demand has leveled off in recent years.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Cracking

    Large hydrocarbons obtained from fractional distillation of crude oil, such as


    liquid paraffin, can be cracked to produce smaller more useful alkanes and
    some alkenes. Cracking is performed using porous pot as a catalyst.

    1. Draw a labeled diagram of the apparatus used for cracking.

    2. State two precautions that need to be taken during this experiment.


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    3. One of the products of the cracking process is an alkene, ethene.


    The presence of ethene gas can be shown by shaking a test tube that
    contains this gas with bromine water.

    i) Why is it necessary for the test tube to be shaken?


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    ii) What colour does bromine water turn?


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    4. Mathew did the experiment by passing the vapour of liquid paraffin over
    porous pot catalyst. He then passed the products of the reaction through
    bromine water and he measured the time taken for bromine water to turn
    colourless.

    It took 15 seconds.

    Mathew then asked to investigate another idea ‘Increasing the temperature of


    the porous pot in the boiling tube would decrease the rate by which the
    unsaturated compounds are produced’.

    (i) Describe how Mathew could plan to obtain valid data to test this idea.

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    (ii) How could Mathew obtain reliable results?

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    5. Nicko found the boiling temperatures of some alkanes in a chemistry book.

    Boiling
    Molecular
    Temperature
    Formula
    Name (oC)
    methane CH4 -164
    ethane C2H6 -89
    propane C3H8 -42
    butane C4H10 -0.5
    pentane C5H12 36
    hexane C6H14 69

    octane C8H18 125


    nonane C9H20 151

    (i) On the graph paper, draw a graph of the boiling temperatures


    against the number of carbon atoms per molecule.
    (ii) Describe, and explain in detail the pattern shown on the graph.

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    6. Crude oil is one of the world’s treasures because of its importance in our
    lives.

    Alkanes and alkenes are obtained from crude oil.

    The graph below shows how the world production of crude oil per day has
    varied since 1999.

    Using the graph, explain in detail how the world production of crude oil has
    changed since 1999.

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    7. In the last few years, the demand for crude oil has not been increased.
    Suggest reasons for this.

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