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SQL Oracle

The document provides examples of SQL queries using operators like SELECT, FROM, WHERE, AND, OR, NOT, UNION, UNION ALL, MINUS, DISTINCT, and aggregate functions like COUNT, AVG, MAX, MIN. The examples demonstrate retrieving data from single or multiple tables using joins, filtering on conditions, aggregating data, and set operations. Key concepts covered include basic queries, joins, aggregation, grouping, filtering, sorting, and set operations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

2K views113 pages

SQL Oracle

Uploaded by

siranji_it

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Available Formats

Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SQL\Ch01

Ex.1 List name of companies located in BOMBAY.

SQL> select cname from company where city =`BOMBAY';

Ex.2 list name of employees living in city `NAGPUR'

SQL> select ename from employees where city = `Nagpur';

EX.3 list name of employees having company `ACC' AND RECEIVING SALARY GREATER THAN 1000.00
SQL> select ename from emp_company where cname=`ACC'
and salary>1000;

Example 4. List the names of employee who are not employee with the company ‘ACC’.
SQL>select ename from emp_company where not (cname=‘ACC’);

SQL>select ename from emp_company where cname<>‘ACC’;

Example 5. Suppose you want the names of employee from company ‘ACC’ or ‘TATA’.
SQL>select ename from emp_company where cname =‘ACC’ or cname = ‘TATA’;

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch02

Example 1. Give name of employee whose company is located in city ‘DELHI’.

SQL>select emp_company.ename
from emp_company, company
where emp_company.cname = [Link]
and [Link] = ’DELHI’;

Example 2. Give name of employee living in the same city where their company is located.
SQL>select [Link]
from employee,emp_company,company
where [Link] = emp_company.ename
and emp_company.cname = [Link]
and [Link] = [Link];

Example 3. Give name of employee living in city BOMBAY and having company located in city DELHI.
SQL>select [Link]
from employee,emp_company,company
where [Link] = emp_company.ename
and emp_company.cname = [Link]
and [Link] = ’BOMBAY’
and [Link] = ’DELHI’

Example. 4. Give name of manager and salary of employee SUNIL.

SQL>select emp_company.salary,[Link]
from emp_company,manager
where emp_company.ename = ’SUNIL’
and emp_company.ename = [Link];

Example 1. Give the salary of employee living in DELHI.

SQL>select salary from emp_company where exists (select ‘X’ from employee
where [Link] = ‘DELHI’ and [Link] = emp_company.ename);
Example 2. Give name of companies located in those cities where ‘TATA’ is located.
SQL>select cname from company where not exists((select city from company cmp1 where cname = ’TATA’)
minus (select [Link] from company cmp2 where [Link] = [Link]));

try the following example using only in

1. List name of employees having living city same as 'Ajay'

2. List name of Employees with their living city having shift B and company 'ACC'
3. List name of employees with their living city having company city 'Bombay'
4. List name of employees having living city same as company city
5. List name of employee having same company city as company city of 'Ajay'

1. select [Link],[Link]
from employee e
where
exists
(select 'X'
from employee e1
where [Link]='Ajay'
and [Link] = [Link]);

2. select [Link],[Link]
from employee e
where exists
(select 'X' from emp_company c where [Link]='ACC'and [Link]=[Link]) // anil sunil
and exists (select 'X' from emp_shift s where [Link]='B'and [Link]=[Link]); //ajay sunil

3.
select [Link],[Link]
from employee e
where [Link] in
(select [Link] --ajay sunil vijay
from emp_company c
where [Link] in
(select [Link] -- ACC TATA
from company m
where [Link]='Bombay') );

select [Link],[Link]
from employee e
where exists
(select'X' --ajay sunil vijay
from emp_company c
where [Link]=[Link] and exists
(select 'X'
from company m
where [Link] = [Link] and [Link]='Bombay') );

4. select [Link]
from employee e1
where [Link] in
(select [Link]
from company c1
where [Link] in
(select [Link]
from emp_compay m1
where [Link]=[Link])) ;
using exists
4. select [Link] ajay
from employee e1
where exists
(select 'X'
from company c1
where [Link] = [Link] and exists
(select 'X'
from emp_compay m1
where [Link]=[Link] and [Link]=[Link]));

5.
select [Link] --all employees working in ACC,TATA
from emp_company e1
where [Link] in
(select [Link] -- ACC,TATA
from company c1
where [Link] in
(select [Link] --Bombay
from company c2
where [Link] in -- ACC
(select [Link]
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='Ajay')));

Example 1. List the employee living in city ‘BOMBAY’ and those having company located in city ‘DELHI’.
SQL>select ename from emp_company where ename In
(select ename from employee where city = ’BOMBAY’) and cname In
(select cname from company where city = ’DELHI’);

Example 2. List the names of employee living in the same city as where SUNIL is living.
SQL>select ename from employee where city in (select city from employee where ename = ’SUNIL’);
/
Example 1. Give name of employee having same company city as ‘SUNIL’.
SQL>select employee_cmp2.ename
from emp_company employee_cmp1,company company1,
emp_company employee_cmp2,company company2
Where employee_cmp1.cname = [Link]
and employee_cmp1.ename = ’SUNIL’
and employee_cmp2.cname = [Link]
and [Link] = [Link]
/

list name of employees who don't have shift

select ename
from employee
minus
select ename
from emp_shift
/

Examples
[Link] name of employees living in nagpur and working with company ACC
[Link] name of employee living in Nagpur but not working in company ACC
[Link] name of employee living in nagpur ,working in ACC and having shift A
[Link] name of employee living in Nagpur and having company ACC ,don't have shift A
[Link] name of employee who are living in nagpur or bombay

[Link] ename from employee

where city = 'Nagpur'
intersect
select ename from emp_company
where cname = 'ACC'
/

[Link] ename from employee

where city = 'Nagpur'
minus select ename from emp_company
where cname = 'ACC'
/

4. (select ename from employee

where city='Nagpur'
intersect
select ename from emp_company
where cname='ACC')
minus
select ename from emp_shift
where shift='A'
/

5. select ename from employee

where city='Nagpur'
union
select ename from employee
where city='Bombay'
/=================================================================================

SQL\ch03

SQL> select ename,salary from emp_company;

ENAME SALARY
---------- ---------
Anil 1500
Shankar 2000
Jaya 1800
Sunil 1700
Vijay 5000
Prakash 3000
Ajay 8000

list name of employee having highest salary

SQL> select ename

2 from emp_company
3 where salary >= all(select salary from emp_company);

ENAME
----------
Ajay

SQL> select ename

2 from emp_company
3 where salary > any(select salary from emp_company);

ENAME
----------
Shankar
Jaya
Sunil
Vijay
Prakash
Ajay

6 rows selected.

list name of company having highest avg. deposit

select [Link],avg([Link])
from emp_company e
group by cname
having avg([Link]) > = all(select avg([Link])
from emp_company c
group by [Link])

7 rows selected.

SQL> spool off

try these examples

1. List name of company having highest number of employees

2. List name of employee from ACC having highest salary in company ACC.

1. List name of company having highest number of employees

1. select [Link],count([Link])
from emp_company e
group by cname
having count([Link]) > = all(select count([Link])
from emp_company c
group by [Link]);
2. List name of employee from ACC having highest salary in company ACC.
2. select [Link]
from emp_company e1
where [Link]='ACC' and
[Link] >=All(select [Link]
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='ACC')

/
DISTINCT OPERATOR

SQL> select distinct cname from emp_company;

CNAME
----------
Acc
CMC
TATA
SQL> select cname from emp_company;

CNAME
----------
Acc
TATA
CMC
CMC
TATA
TATA
ACC

7 rows selected.

SQL> select count(cname) from emp_company;

COUNT(CNAME)
------------
7

SQL> select count(distinct cname) from emp_company;

COUNT(DISTINCTCNAME)
--------------------
4

SQL> insert into emp_company(ename,salary) values('prakash',5000);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(cname) from emp_company;

COUNT(CNAME)
------------
7

SQL> select count(distinct cname) from emp_company;

COUNT(DISTINCTCNAME)
--------------------
4

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 select ename from emp_company

2 union
3* select ename from emp_shift
SQL> /

ENAME
----------
Ajay
Anil
Jaya
Prakash
Shankar
Sunil
Vijay
prakash

8 rows selected.

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 select ename from emp_company

2 union all
3* select ename from emp_shift
SQL> /

ENAME
----------
Anil
Shankar
Jaya
Sunil
Vijay
Prakash
Ajay
prakash
Anil
Sunil
Vijay
Prakash

12 rows selected.

SQL> insert into emp_company(ename,salary) values('prakash',4000);

1 row created.

SQL>select ename from emp_company

2 minus
3* select ename from emp_shift
SQL> /

ENAME
----------
Ajay
Jaya
Shankar
prakash

SQL> spool off

SQL> select ename from emp_company

2 union
3 select ename from emp_company
4 union all
5* select ename from emp_company
6 /

ENAME
----------
Ajay
Anil
Jaya
Prakash
Shankar
Sunil
Vijay
prakash
Anil
Shankar
Jaya
Sunil
Vijay
Prakash
Ajay
prakash
prakash
prakash

18 rows selected.

SQL> spool off

/
The Like operator

SQL> select * from employee where ename like 'A%'; --% means zero or more characters

ENAME CITY
---------- ----------
Anil Nagpur
Ajay Madras

ename = 'A%' -- wrong

1* select * from employee where ename like 'A_ay%' -- '_' means any one character
SQL> /

ENAME CITY
---------- ----------
Ajay Madras

If your data is
SQL> insert into employee values('A%B','bm');
1 row created.
You want to retrieve rows which starts with ‘A%’. here you want to shut down special meaning of character
%. You can use essacpe character ‘/’ for doing this. You can write query as
select ename
from employee
where ename like 'A/%%'
escape '/'

SQL> spool off

/
The null operator

insert into emp_company(ename,salary) values ('prakash',5000)

or
insert into emp_company values ('prakash',null,5000,null)

SQL> select * from emp_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Anil Acc 1500 01-MAY-89
Shankar TATA 2000 10-JUL-90
Jaya CMC 1800 07-JUN-91
Sunil CMC 1700 01-JAN-88
Vijay TATA 5000 03-JAN-88
Prakash TATA 3000 27-MAY-89
Ajay ACC 8000 30-APR-95
prakash 5000

8 rows selected.

SQL> select * from emp_company where cname='';

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp_company where cname=null;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp_company where not(cname=null);

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp_company where cname is null;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
prakash 5000

compliment is not null

SQL> select 5*4 from dual;

5*4
---------
20

SQL> select 5*4+null from dual;

5*4+NULL
---------

1* select * from emp_company where cname=null or salary>=8000

SQL> /

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Ajay ACC 8000 30-APR-95

SQL> select ename,nvl(cname,'No Company') from emp_company;

ENAME NVL(CNAME,
---------- ----------
Anil Acc
Shankar TATA
Jaya CMC
Sunil CMC
Vijay TATA
Prakash TATA
Ajay ACC
prakash No Company

8 rows selected.

SQL> select max(cname) from emp_company;

MAX(CNAME)
----------
TATA
SQL> select count(cname) from emp_company;

SQL> spool off

/
SQL> select ascii('Abc') from dual;

ASCII('ABC')
------------
65

SQL> select chr(65) from dual;

C
-
A

SQL> select initcap('abcDe') from dual;

INITC
-----
Abcde

SQL> select upper('abCfg') from dual;

UPPER
-----
ABCFG

SQL> select lower('sfdsFG') from dual;

LOWER(
------
sfdsfg

SQL> select length('abcdf') from dual;

LENGTH('ABCDF')
---------------
5

SQL> select lengthb('abcdf') from dual;

LENGTHB('ABCDF')
----------------
5

SQL> select lengthb(34) from dual;

LENGTHB(34)
-----------
2
SQL> select lengthb(1000) from dual;

LENGTHB(1000)
-------------
4

SQL> select lengthb(516) from dual;

LENGTHB(516)
------------
3

SQL> select lengthb(sysdate) from dual;

LENGTHB(SYSDATE)
----------------
9

SQL> select substr('abcdef',3,2) from dual;

SU
--
cd

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select substr('abcdef',3,5) from dual

SQL> /

SUBS
----
cdef

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select substr('abcdef',13,5) from dual

SQL> /

S
-

-- Finds first occurence of 'bb' in 'abbcdgbb' from position 1 and returns it's position
SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 select instr('abbcdgbb','bb',1,1)
2* from dual
SQL> /

INSTR('ABBCDGBB','BB',1,1)
--------------------------
2

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
--Finds second occurence of 'bb' in 'abbcdgbb' from position 1 and returns it's position

1 select instr('abbcdgbb','bb',1,2)
2* from dual
SQL> /

INSTR('ABBCDGBB','BB',1,2)
--------------------------
7
Finds second occurence of 'bb' in 'abbcdgbb' from position 4 and returns it's position
SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 select instr('abbcdgbb','bb',4,2)
2* from dual
SQL> /

INSTR('ABBCDGBB','BB',4,2)
--------------------------
0

--left padding using blank till the length 8 ie reached

SQL> select lpad('abc',8) from dual;

LPAD('AB
--------
abc

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select length(lpad('abc',8)) from dual

SQL> /

LENGTH(LPAD('ABC',8))
---------------------
8

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select length(lpad('abc',2)) from dual

SQL> /

LENGTH(LPAD('ABC',2))
---------------------
2

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select lpad('abc',2) from dual

SQL> /

LP
--
ab

SQL> edit
----left padding using 'as' till the length 8 ie reached

1* select lpad('abc',8,'as') from dual

SQL> /
LPAD('AB
--------
asasaabc

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
----right padding using 'as' till the length 8 ie reached

1* select rpad('abc',8,'as') from dual

SQL> /

RPAD('AB
--------
abcasasa

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
--right trimming of blanks

1* select rtrim('abc ') from dual

SQL> /

RTR
---
abc

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select length(rtrim('abc ')) from dual

SQL> /

LENGTH(RTRIM('ABC'))
--------------------
3

SQL> edit

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
--right trimming of string i.e removing char 'c' from right end

1* select length(rtrim('abc ','c')) from dual

SQL> /

LENGTH(RTRIM('ABC','C'))
------------------------
5

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select length(rtrim('abcc','c')) from dual

SQL> /

LENGTH(RTRIM('ABCC','C'))
-------------------------
2

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
--right trimming of string i.e removing char 'c' from right end
1* select (rtrim('abcc','c')) from dual
SQL> /

(R
--
ab

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
--right trimming of string i.e removing char 'bc' from right end

1* select (rtrim('abcc','bc')) from dual

SQL> /

(
-
a

SQL> select 'X' from dual where 'son'='sun';

no rows selected

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

-- comparison true if both are producing same sound

1* select 'X' from dual where soundex('son')=soundex('sun')

SQL> /

'
-
X

SQL> spool off

/
SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
03-JAN-02

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'mm') from dual;

TO
--
01

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select to_char(sysdate,'mmsp') from dual

SQL> /

TO_CHA
------
one

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
1* select to_char(sysdate,'mmspth') from dual
SQL> /

TO_CHAR(
--------
first

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyyspth') from dual

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYYSPTH')
--------------------------------------------
two thousand second

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select to_char(sysdate,'year') from dual

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YEAR')
------------------------------------------
two thousand two

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mon-rr') from dual;

TO_CHAR(S
---------
03-jan-02

SQL> select new_time(sysdate,'GMT','PST') FROM DUAL;

NEW_TIME(
---------
03-JAN-02

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* select TO_CHAR(new_time(sysdate,'GMT','PST'),'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(NEW_TIME(SYS
--------------------
03-JAN-2002 [Link]

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH12AM') FROM DUAL;

TO_C
----
08PM

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'D') FROM DUAL;

T
-
5

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD') FROM DUAL;

TO
--
03

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD') FROM DUAL;

TO_
---
003

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDDD') FROM DUAL;

TO_C
----
0035

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'W') FROM DUAL;

T
-
1

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'WW') FROM DUAL;

TO
--
01

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'IW') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO
--
01

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'J') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR
-------
2452278

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SYYYY') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CH
-----
2002

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-RM-YYYY') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR(SYSD
------------
03-I -2002

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'RD') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'RD') FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01821: date format not recognized

SQL> SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE,'MM') FROM DUAL;

TRUNC(SYS
---------
01-JAN-02

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE-10,'MM') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TRUNC(SYS
---------
01-DEC-01

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE-10,'YY') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TRUNC(SYS
---------
01-JAN-01

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE,'HH') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TRUNC(SYS
---------
03-JAN-02

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(TRUNC(SYSDATE,'HH'),'HH:MI:SS') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(
--------
[Link]

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE+12,'MM') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

ROUND(SYS
---------
01-JAN-02
SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE+13,'MM') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

ROUND(SYS
---------
01-FEB-02

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE+13,'Q') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

ROUND(SYS
---------
01-JAN-02

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/
SQL> select '5' from dual;

'
-
5

SQL> select round(123.556) from dual;

ROUND(123.556)
--------------
124

SQL> select round(123.456,1) from dual;

ROUND(123.456,1)
----------------
123.5

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select round(123.456,2) from dual

SQL> /

ROUND(123.456,2)
----------------
123.46

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select round(123.456,3) from dual

SQL> /

ROUND(123.456,3)
----------------
123.456

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
1* select round(123.456,-1) from dual
SQL> /

ROUND(123.456,-1)
-----------------
120

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select round(123.456,-2) from dual

SQL> /

ROUND(123.456,-2)
-----------------
100

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select round(123.456,-3) from dual

SQL> /

ROUND(123.456,-3)
-----------------
0

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select round(173.456,-2) from dual

SQL> /

ROUND(173.456,-2)
-----------------
200

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select trunc(173.456,-2) from dual

SQL> /

TRUNC(173.456,-2)
-----------------
100

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select trunc(173.456,-1) from dual

SQL> /

TRUNC(173.456,-1)
-----------------
170

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select trunc(173.456,1) from dual

SQL> /

TRUNC(173.456,1)
----------------
173.4

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select trunc(173.456,2) from dual

SQL> /

TRUNC(173.456,2)
----------------
173.45

SQL> spool off

list statistics of employees in following way

salary_low salary_high No_of_employees

0 999 1
1000 1999 3
2000 2999 2

select trunc(salary,-3) salary_low,trunc(salary,-3)+999 salary_high, count(ename)

from emp_company
group by trunc(salary,-3),trunc(salary,-3)+999

SALARY_LOW SALARY_HIGH COUNT(ENAME)

---------- ----------- ------------
1000 1999 3
2000 2999 1
3000 3999 3
5000 5999 2
6000 6999 1
7000 7999 1

6 rows selected.

1 select trunc(salary/5000)5000 salary_low,trunc(salary/5000)5000+4999 salary_high, count(ename)

2 from emp_company
3* group by trunc(salary/5000)*5000,trunc(salary/5000)*5000+4999
SQL> /

SALARY_LOW SALARY_HIGH COUNT(ENAME)

---------- ----------- ------------
0 4999 7
5000 9999 4

SQL> select abs(-9) from dual;

ABS(-9)
---------
9
SQL> select ceil(-9.3) from dual;

CEIL(-9.3)
----------
-9

SQL> select ceil(9.3) from dual;

CEIL(9.3)
---------
10

SQL> select floor(-9.3) from dual;

FLOOR(-9.3)
-----------
-10

SQL> select floor(9.3) from dual;

FLOOR(9.3)
----------
9

SQL> select sign(-5) from dual;

SIGN(-5)
---------
-1

SQL> select sign(5) from dual;

SIGN(5)
---------
1

SQL> select sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(0)
---------
0

SQL> select power(3,2) from dual;

POWER(3,2)
----------
9

SQL> select mod(7,3) from dual;

MOD(7,3)
---------
1

SQL> select sqrt(9) from dual;

SQRT(9)
---------
3

SQL> spool off

/
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP_COMPANY WHERE ROWNUM < 4;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Anil Acc 1500 01-MAY-89
Shankar TATA 2000 10-JUL-90
Jaya CMC 1800 07-JUN-91

SQL> SELECT ENAME,CNAME FROM EMP_COMPANY ORDER BY SALARY;

ENAME CNAME
---------- ----------
Anil Acc
Sunil CMC
Jaya CMC
Shankar TATA
Prakash TATA
Ashok TATA
Vinod ACC
prakash
Vijay TATA
Nitin ACC
Ajay Tata

11 rows selected.

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ENAME,CNAME FROM EMP_COMPANY ORDER BY 1

SQL> /

ENAME CNAME
---------- ----------
Ajay Tata
Anil Acc
Ashok TATA
Jaya CMC
Nitin ACC
Prakash TATA
Shankar TATA
Sunil CMC
Vijay TATA
Vinod ACC
prakash

11 rows selected.

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ENAME,CNAME FROM EMP_COMPANY ORDER BY 2,1

SQL> /

ENAME CNAME
---------- ----------
Nitin ACC
Vinod ACC
Anil Acc
Jaya CMC
Sunil CMC
Ashok TATA
Prakash TATA
Shankar TATA
Vijay TATA
Ajay Tata
prakash

11 rows selected.

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT ENAME,CNAME FROM EMP_COMPANY ORDER BY 2,1 DESC

SQL> /

ENAME CNAME
---------- ----------
Vinod ACC
Nitin ACC
Anil Acc
Sunil CMC
Jaya CMC
Vijay TATA
Shankar TATA
Prakash TATA
Ashok TATA
Ajay Tata
prakash

11 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP_COMPANY WHERE ROWNUM = 2;

no rows selected

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT TRANSLATE('ABBCD','AB','*+') FROM DUAL;

TRANS
-----
*++CD

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TRANSLATE('ABBCD','AB','*') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TRA
---
*CD

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP_COMPANY(ENAME,JDATE) VALUES('GORGE',TO_DATE('12-DEC-2001

[Link]','DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS'));

1 row created.

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]
1* INSERT INTO EMP_COMPANY(ENAME,JDATE) VALUES('GORGE',TO_DATE('12-DEC-2001
[Link]','DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS'))
SQL> SELECT TO_NUMBER('34') + 10 FROM DUAL;

TO_NUMBER('34')+10
------------------
44
/
SQL> select rowid,ename,salary from emp_company;

ROWID ENAME SALARY

------------------ ---------- ---------
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAA Anil 1500
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAB Shankar 2000
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAC Jaya 1800
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAD Sunil 1700
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAE Vijay 5100
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAF Prakash 3000
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAG Ajay 7700
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAA prakash 5000
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAB Nitin 6000
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAC Ashok 3000
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAD Vinod 3200
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAE GORGE

12 rows selected.

Rowid specifies position of row on [Link] is unique for each [Link] is constant throughout lifetime of that
row.

SQL> select rowid,ename,salary from emp_company where rowid=chartorowid('AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAB');

ROWID ENAME SALARY

------------------ ---------- ---------
AAAUuAAAIAAALPvAAB Shankar 2000

SQL> select decode(sign(salary - 4000),-1,'low salary',1,'high salary') from emp_company;

DECODE(SIGN
-----------
low salary
low salary
low salary
low salary
high salary
low salary
high salary
high salary
high salary
low salary
low salary

12 rows selected.

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select ename,salary,decode(sign(salary - 4000),-1,'low salary',1,'high salary') from emp_company

SQL> /
ENAME SALARY DECODE(SIGN
---------- --------- -----------
Anil 1500 low salary
Shankar 2000 low salary
Jaya 1800 low salary
Sunil 1700 low salary
Vijay 5100 high salary
Prakash 3000 low salary
Ajay 7700 high salary
prakash 5000 high salary
Nitin 6000 high salary
Ashok 3000 low salary
Vinod 3200 low salary
GORGE

12 rows selected.

SQL> select least(45,23) from dual;

LEAST(45,23)
------------
23

SQL> select greatest(23,45) from dual;

GREATEST(23,45)
---------------
45

SQL> select rowid,ename from emp_company where rowid > chartorowid('AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAB');

ROWID ENAME
------------------ ----------
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAC Ashok
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAD Vinod
AAAUuAAAIAAALPwAAE GORGE

SQL> select vsize(ename),ename,vsize(salary),salary from emp_company;

VSIZE(ENAME) ENAME VSIZE(SALARY) SALARY

------------ ---------- ------------- ---------
10 Anil 2 1500
10 Shankar 2 2000
10 Jaya 2 1800
10 Sunil 2 1700
10 Vijay 2 5100
10 Prakash 2 3000
10 Ajay 2 7700
10 prakash 2 5000
10 Nitin 2 6000
10 Ashok 2 3000
10 Vinod 2 3200
10 GORGE

12 rows selected.

SQL> select ename,dump(ename) from emp_company;

ENAME
----------
DUMP(ENAME)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anil
Typ=96 Len=10: 65,110,105,108,32,32,32,32,32,32

Shankar
Typ=96 Len=10: 83,104,97,110,107,97,114,32,32,32

SQL> select user from dual;

USER
------------------------------
PSD

SQL> spool off

/
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(567898,'99,999,99') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR(56
----------
5,678,98

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(567898,'99,999,99.99') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(56789
-------------
5,678,98.00

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(567898,'99G999G99D99') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(56789
-------------
5,678,98.00

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(567898,'99G999G99D99','NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS=''*#''') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(56789
-------------
5#678#98*00

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(-67895,'999999MI') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR
-------
67895-

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]
1* SELECT TO_CHAR(-67895,'PR999999') FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SELECT TO_CHAR(-67895,'PR999999') FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01481: invalid number format model

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(-67895,'999999PR') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(
--------
<67895>

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(67895,'C999999PR') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(678
-----------
USD67895

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CURRENCY='RS.';

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(67895,'C999999PR') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR(678
-----------
USD67895

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(67895,'C999999PR') FROM DUAL;

TO_CHAR(678
-----------
USD67895

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(67895,'L999999PR') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(67895,'L99
------------------
RS.67895

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(67895,'$999999PR') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(6
---------
$67895

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET NLS_CURRENCY='RS.';

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(657656,'EEEE') FROM DUAL;

SELECT TO_CHAR(657656,'EEEE') FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01481: invalid number format model

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* SELECT TO_CHAR(657656,'9.99EEEE') FROM DUAL

SQL> /

TO_CHAR(65
----------
6.58E+05

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch04

Aggregate Functions

max,min,sum,avg,count,stdev

SQL> select * from emp_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

list maximum salary

SQL> select max(salary) from emp_company;

MAX(SALARY)
-----------
8000

SQL> select ename,max(salary) from emp_company;

select ename,max(salary) from emp_company
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00937: not a single-group group function
SQL> select ename from emp_company where salary in (select max(salary) from emp_company);

ENAME
----------
Ajay

list maximum of employees of ACC

SQL> select max(salary) from emp_company where cname='ACC';

MAX(SALARY)
-----------
8000

SQL> select count(ename) from emp_company where cname='ACC';

COUNT(ENAME)
------------
1

SQL> select avg(salary),sum(salary) from emp_company;

AVG(SALARY) SUM(SALARY)
----------- -----------
3285.7143 23000

SQL> select max(salary) from emp_company where cname='l';

MAX(SALARY)
-----------

Returns null value

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select count(salary) from emp_company where cname='l'

SQL> /

COUNT(SALARY)
-------------
0

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select nvl(max(salary),0) from emp_company where cname='l'

SQL> /

NVL(MAX(SALARY),0)
------------------
0

SQL> spool off

try these examples

1. List the number of employees living in Bombay

2. list the number of employees having shift A
3. list name of employees with their living city having maximum salary in company TATA
4. list name of employee having maximum salary in company where Sunil is working
5. list name of employees having maximum salary in their company.

1. select count(ename) from employee where city='Bombay';

2. select count(*) from emp_shift where shift='A';

3. select [Link],[Link] from employee e

where [Link] in
(select [Link] from emp_company c where [Link]='TATA'
and [Link] in // ensures the employee is having in TATA
(select max([Link])
from emp_company c1
where [Link]='TATA'));

4. select [Link] from emp_company e

where [Link] in
(select max([Link]) // this will find out maximum salary in Sunil company
from emp_company e1
where [Link] in
(select [Link] // this will find out company of sunil
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='Sunil') )
and [Link] in // this will ensure that employee should be from Sunil's company
(select [Link] from emp_company e3
where [Link]='Sunil');

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Anil ACC 1500 01-MAY-89
Shankar TATA 2000 10-JUL-90
Jaya CMC 1800 07-JUN-91
Sunil CMC 1700 01-JAN-88
Vijay TATA 5000 03-JAN-88
Prakash TATA 3000 27-MAY-89
Ajay ACC 8000 30-APR-95
Abhay ACC 1800 1-APR-98
7 rows selected.

5. select [Link]
from emp_company e1
where [Link] in 1500(Anil) /8000(Ajay)
(select max([Link]) 8000
from emp_company e2
where [Link]=[Link]);

/
Group By / Having Clause

SQL> select cname,max(salary) from emp_company group by cname; // group by expression

CNAME MAX(SALARY)
---------- -----------
ACC 8000
Acc 1500
CMC 1800
TATA 5000

SQL> select cname,count(ename) from emp_company group by cname;

CNAME COUNT(ENAME)
---------- ------------
ACC 1
Acc 1
CMC 2
TATA 3

SQL> select cname,count(ename)

from emp_company
2 group by cname
3 having count(ename) > 1;

CNAME COUNT(ENAME)
---------- ------------
CMC 2
TATA 3

SQL> spool off

Try these examples

1. Find out avg. salary of each company

2. Find out avg. salary of each company except 'ACC'
3. Find out name of companies having average salary more than 1500
4. find out avg. salary of company only for employees living in delhi
5. find out name of company having highest average salary

1. select cname,avg(salary)
from emp_company
group by cname;
2. select cname,avg(salary)
from emp_company
where cname != 'ACC'
group by cname ;
3. select cname,avg(salary)
from emp_company
group by cname
having avg(salary) > 1500;
4. select cname,avg([Link])
from emp_company e
where [Link] in
(select [Link] from employee l where [Link]='Delhi')
group by [Link];

5. select [Link],avg([Link])
from emp_company e
group by cname
having avg([Link]) > = all(select avg([Link])
from emp_company c
group by [Link]);
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch05

DELETE STATEMENT
1. Delete all rows
delete emp_company;
or
-- truncate table emp_company;
-- triggers are fired in the case of delete (not for truncate)
2. delete every employee of company ACC
delete emp_company
where cname='ACC';

3. Delete every employee from emp_company living in Delhi

delete emp_company
where ename in (select [Link]
from employee e
where [Link] = 'Delhi');

4. Delete rows of emp_company having salary greater than 8000.

delete emp_company where salary > 8000;

5. Delete rows of emp_company having salary greater than 8000 and employee having living city
‘MADRAS’ and company located in city ‘BOMBAY’.

delete emp_company where salary > 8000

and ename in (select ename from
employee where city = ‘MADRAS’) and
cname in (select cname from company
where city = ‘BOMBAY’);

6. Write the above query using exists clause.

delete emp_company where salary > 8000

and exists (select employee ename from
employee where employee ename and
[Link] = ‘MADRAS’) and exists
(select [Link] from company
where emp_company.cname = [Link] and company. city = ’BOMBAY’);
/
Insert Statement
SQL> create table emp_comp(ename char(10), cname char(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into emp_comp

2 select ename,cname from emp_company where cname='ACC';

2 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> create table emp_comp1 as select ename,cname from emp_company;

Table created.

SQL> select * from emp_comp1;

ENAME CNAME
---------- ----------
Anil Acc
Shankar TATA
Jaya CMC
Sunil CMC
Vijay TATA
Prakash TATA
Ajay Tata
prakash
Nitin ACC
Ashok TATA
Vinod ACC

11 rows selected.

SQL> alter table emp_comp1 add (salary number(10,2));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table emp_comp1 modify(cname varchar2(10));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table emp_comp1 modify(cname char(12));

Table altered.

1* alter table emp_comp1 drop(salary)

SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp_comp1;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
ENAME CHAR(10)
CNAME CHAR(12)

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* alter table emp_comp1 drop(cname)

SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> rename emp_comp1 to emp_comp2

SQL> /

Table renamed.

SQL> desc emp_comp2;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
ENAME CHAR(10)

SQL> create synonym emp_comp1 for emp_comp2;

Synonym created.

SQL> select * from emp_comp1;

ENAME
----------
Anil
Shankar
Jaya
Sunil
Vijay
Prakash
Ajay
prakash
Nitin
Ashok
Vinod

11 rows selected.

SQL> delete emp_comp1;

11 rows deleted.

SQL> rollback;

Rollback complete.

no ddl operations

SQL> drop table emp_comp2;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop synonym emp_comp1;

Synonym dropped.

SQL> spool off

/
Update

1. update salary of every employee by giving 10%raise

update emp_company
set salary = 1.1 * salary;

2. update salary of every employee by giving 10%raise for company ACC

update emp_company
set salary = 1.1 * salary
where cname='ACC';

3. update salary of every employee by giving 10%raise for employees living in Delhi

update emp_company
set salary = 1.1 * salary
where ename in (select [Link]
from employee e
where [Link] = 'Delhi');
4. update salary of Ajay by adding 10%salary of Vijay

update emp_company e1
set [Link] = (select ([Link] + 0.1 * [Link])
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='Vijay' )
where [Link] = 'Ajay';
// the select in set should produce single row
// for no row null is returned

5. Add 100 Rs to salary of Ajay and give him company TATA

update emp_company
set salary=salary+100,cname='TATA'
where ename='Ajay';

6. transfer 100 Rs from salary of Ajay to Vijay

update emp_company
set salary = salary - 100
where ename='Ajay';

update emp_company
set salary = salary + 100
where ename='Vijay';

Atomicity of Tranasaction
-- Transaction is defined as set of DML statements between two successive commit
-- one transaction is equivalent to one real life unit of work
-- one real life unit of work may be implemented as multiple DML statements
-- The concept of Transaction is to group such DML statement
-- The effect of transaction should be full or [Link] transactions are called as atomic
-- transactions.
Transfer 100 Rs. from account of Ajay to account of Vijay

Ajay Vijay
1000 1000 initial
900 1000 partial
900 1100 full

commit; --1
update bank
set amt = amt - 100
where ename='Ajay';
--2
update bank
set amt = amt + 100
where ename='Vijay';
--3
commit;
--4
commit;
update sales;
update inv_balance;
commit;

7. transfer 100 Rs from salary of Ajay to Vijay if both are having

same company

update emp_company e1
set [Link] = [Link] - 100
where [Link]='Ajay' and
exists(select 'X'
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='Vijay'
and [Link]=[Link]);

update emp_company e1
set [Link] = [Link] + 100
where [Link]='Vijay' and
exists(select 'X'
from emp_company e2
where [Link]='Ajay'
and [Link]=[Link]);

8. Decrease the salary of VIJAY by 100 if VIJAY and SUNIL both are living in city ‘MADRAS’
SQL>update emp_company set salary = salary – 100 where ename = ’VIJAY’ and ename in(select
[Link] from employee e1 where [Link] = ’MADRAS’) and exists (select [Link] from employee
emp1 where [Link] = ‘SUNIL and [Link] = ’MADRAS’);

9. All employee of ‘ACC’ having salary greater than 8000

are shifted to ‘ TATA’. The living city of employee is BOMBAY.
SQL>update emp_company
set cname = ‘TATA’
where cname = ’ACC’ and salary > 8000
and ename in
(select ename from employee where city = ‘BOMBAY’);

10. All employee of ‘ACC’ having salary greater than 8000 are shifted to ‘TATA’. The living city of employee
is BOMBAY. The salary in new company is 20% more than original salary;
SQL>update emp_company
set cname = ‘TATA’,salary = 1.2 * salary
where cname = ‘ACC’
and salary > 8000
and ename
in
(select ename from employee where city = ’BOMBAY’);

11. Decrease salary of employee VIJAY by 100 and increase salary of employee SUNIL by 100.

The two update statements will be

SQL>update emp_company
set salary = salary – 100
where cname = ‘VIJAY’;

SQL>update emp_company
set salary = salary + 100
where cname = ‘SUNIL’;

12. Decrease salary of VIJAY by 100 and increase salary of SUNIL if both are having company ‘ACC’.

The two update statements can be written as

SQL>update emp_company
set salary = salary – 100
where ename = ‘VIJAY’
and cname = ‘ACC’
and exists
(select [Link] from emp_company e1 where
[Link] = ’SUNIL’
and [Link] = ’ACC’);

SQL>update emp_company
set salary = salary + 100
where ename = ’SUNIL’
and cname = ‘ACC’
and exists (select [Link] from emp_company e1 where [Link] =
’VIJAY’and
[Link] = ’ACC’);

13. Update salary of VIJAY,

give him salary that is sum of his salary and SUNIL’s salary.
SQL>update emp_company
Set salary = (select emp_company.salary + [Link])
From emp_company ec1 where [Link] = 'SUNIL');
where ename = ‘VIJAY’;

14. Update salary and company of VIJAY, give him the same salary as that of ‘SUNIL’ and the same
company as that of ‘ANIL’.

SQL>update emp_company
set salary = (select ec1 salary from emp_company ec1 where
[Link] = ’SUNIL’),
cname = (select [Link] from emp_company ec2 where [Link]
= ’ANIL’)
where ename = ‘VIJAY’;

15. Give the average salary of company ‘ACC’ to employee ‘VIJAY’.

SQL>update emp_company
set salary =(select avg(salary)
from emp_company where cname = ‘ACC’)
where ename = ’VIJAY;

16. update salary of employee ‘VIJAY,’ give him max salary of company of ‘SUNIL’.

SQL>update emp_company ec1

set salary = (select max(salary)
from emp_company ec1
where [Link]
in (select [Link] from
emp_company ec2
where [Link] = ‘SUNIL’))
where ename = ‘VIJAY’;

/=================================================================================

SQL\CH06

create view acc_company as

select ename,cname,salary
from emp_company
where cname='ACC'
/
Inline Views

select max(d.avg_salary)
from
( select cname,avg(salary) avg_salary
from emp_company
group by cname ) d
/
/* create view comp_avg_salary as
select cname,avg(salary) avg_salary
from emp_company
group by cname

main query :
select max(avg_salary)
from comp_avg_salary */

List salary of employees of Vijay

create view tree_view as

select [Link],[Link]
from manager s
connect by prior [Link]=[Link]
start with [Link]='Vijay'
/

SQL> select * from tree_view;

ENAME MNAME
---------- ----------
Vijay
Shankar Vijay
Prakash Shankar

select * from (select [Link],[Link]

from manager s
connect by prior [Link]=[Link]
start with [Link]='Vijay') tree_view

1 select [Link],[Link] from tree_view v,emp_company c

2* where [Link]=[Link]
SQL> /

ENAME SALARY
---------- ---------
Prakash 3000
Shankar 2000
Vijay 5000
/
create view s as
(select [Link] ename, [Link] mname,[Link] sal
from manager m,emp_company e
where [Link]=[Link] )
/
select [Link],sum([Link])
from s
connect by prior [Link]=[Link]
start with [Link]='Vijay'
group by level
/
create view parent_child
as
select p.a pa,p.b pb,c.a ca,c.c cc
from parent p,child c
where p.a=c.a
/
Views
- To give simplified representation of data

create or replace view s as

(select [Link] ename, [Link] mname,[Link] sal
from manager m,emp_company e
where [Link]=[Link] )
/

SQL> select * from s;

ENAME MNAME SAL

---------- ---------- ---------
Ajay 8000
Anil Ajay 1500
Jaya 1800
Prakash Shankar 3000
Shankar Vijay 2000
Sunil Jaya 1700
Vijay 5000

7 rows selected.

SQL> select sal from s where mname='Vijay'; // main query

SAL
---------
2000

SQL>

View for listing of employees of ACC

create view acc_company as

select ename,cname,salary
from emp_company
where cname='ACC';

-- emp_company is base table

SQL> select * from acc_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY

---------- ---------- ---------
Ajay ACC 8000

SQL> insert into acc_company values('Nitin','ACC',6000);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from emp_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

1 row created.

SQL> select * from acc_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY

---------- ---------- ---------
Ajay ACC 8000
Nitin ACC 6000

SQL> select * from emp_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY JDATE

With Check option

-- providing security
-- user can update rows only if they are selected by view query

create or replace view acc_company as

select ename,cname,salary
from emp_company
where cname='ACC'
with check option

SQL> insert into acc_company values('Vinod','TATA',3200);

insert into acc_company values('Vinod','TATA',3200)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01402: view WITH CHECK OPTION where-clause violation

SQL> insert into acc_company values('Vinod','ACC',3200);

1 row created.

SQL> update acc_company set cname='TATA' where ename='Vinod';

update acc_company set cname='TATA' where ename='Vinod'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01402: view WITH CHECK OPTION where-clause violation
In general
-- DML operations are not permitted if view query contains
-- joins,aggragate functions,having etc.(There is one exception)
-- they are permitted if view query refers single table and column list
-- in select is having simple name like ename,mname not like 10*salary

SQL> insert into s values('Vinod','Sachin',2000);

insert into s values('Vinod','Sachin',2000)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01779: cannot modify a column which maps to a non key-preserved table

Force View

-- it can be created even if base objects are not in existance

SQL> create force view v1 as select * from company_city;

Warning: View created with compilation errors.

SQL> select * from v1;

select * from v1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-04063: view "PSD.V1" has errors

SQL> create table company_city(city varchar2(12));

Table created.

SQL> select * from v1;

no rows selected

drop view v1;

Try following Examples using views

1. Find out maximum avg. salary of company.(view cname avg(salay)

2. Find out name of employees having same living city as their company city.
(view ename living_city company_city salary)
3. Find out name of employee with salary in above case
4. Find out name of employees working in that company having maximum number of employees
(view cname count(ename))
5. Find out name of employees living in same city where their manager is living
(view ename employee_city mname manager_city)

1. create view comp_avg_salary as

select cname,avg(salary) avg_salary
from emp_company
group by cname

main query :
select max(avg_salary)
from comp_avg_salary

2. create view emp_city_details as

select [Link] ename , [Link] living_city,[Link] company_city,[Link] salary
from employee e, emp_company m,company c
where [Link] = [Link] and
[Link] = [Link]

main query :
select [Link]
from emp_city_details
where e.living_city=e.company_city

3.
4. create view comp_employees as
select cname,count(ename) no_of_employees
from emp_company
group by cname

main query :

select [Link]
from comp_employees c
where c.no_of_employees in
(select max(no_of_employees)
from comp_employees)

5. create view emp_mgr_city as

select [Link] ename,[Link] living_city,[Link] mname,[Link] manager_city
from employee e,manager m , employee e1
where [Link]=[Link] and
[Link]=[Link]

main query :

select [Link]
from emp_mgr_city e
where e.living_city=e.manager_city
/
list salary of employees of Vijay

create view tree_view as

select [Link],[Link]
from manager s
connect by prior [Link]=[Link]
start with [Link]='Vijay'
/

SQL> select * from tree_view;

ENAME MNAME
---------- ----------
Vijay
Shankar Vijay
Prakash Shankar

1 select [Link],[Link] from tree_view v,emp_company c

2* where [Link]=[Link]
SQL> /

ENAME SALARY
---------- ---------
Prakash 3000
Shankar 2000
Vijay 5000
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07

SQL\Ch07\ASSIGN1
CREATE TABLE DEPOSIT (ACTNO VARCHAR2(5) ,CNAME VARCHAR2(18) , BNAME VARCHAR2(18) ,
AMOUNT NUMBER(8,2) ,ADATE DATE);

CREATE TABLE BRANCH(BNAME VARCHAR2(18),CITY VARCHAR2(18));

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(CNAME VARCHAR2(19) ,CITY VARCHAR2(18));

CREATE TABLE BORROW(LOANNO VARCHAR2(5), CNAME VARCHAR2(18),BNAME

VARCHAR2(18),AMOUNT NUMBER (8,2));
/
DESC DEPOSIT;

DESC BRANCH;

DESC CUSTOMERS;

DESC BORROW;
/
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('100',’ANIL',’VRCE',1000.00,'1-MAR-95');
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('101','SUNIL','AJNI',5000.00 , '4-JAN-96' );
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('102','MEHUL','KAROLBAGH',3500.00 ,'17-NOV-95' );
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('104','MADHURI','CHANDNI',1200.00 , ‘17-DEC-95' );
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('105','PRAMOD','[Link]',3000.00 '27-MAR-96’);
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('106','SANDIP','ANDHERI',2000.00,'31-MAR-96');
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('107','SHIVANI','VIRAR',1000.00,'5-SEP-95' );
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('108','KRANTI','NEHRU PLACE',5000.00,’2-JUL-95');
INSERT INTO DEPOSIT VALUES ('109','NAREN','POWAI',7000.00,'10-AUG-95');

INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('VRCE','NAGPUR');

INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('AJNI','NAGPUR');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('KAROLBAGH','DELHI');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('CHANDNI','DELHI');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('DHARAMPETH','NAGPUR');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('[Link]','BANGLORE');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('ANDHERI','BOMBAY');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('VIRAR','BOMBAY');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('NEHRU PLACE','DELHI');
INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('POWAI','BOMBAY');

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('ANIL','CALCUTTA');

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('SUNIL','DELHI');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('MEHUL','BARODA');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('MANDAR','PATNA');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('MADHURI','NAGPUR');
INSERT INTO CUSOTMERS VALUES ('PRAMOD','NAGPUR');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('SANDIP','SURAT');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('SHIVANI','BOMBAY');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('KRANTI','BOMBAY');
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('NAREN','BOMBAY');

INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('201','ANIL','VRCE',1000.00);

INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('206','MEHUL','AJNI',5000.00);
INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('311','SUNIL','DHARAMPETH',3000.00);
INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('321','MADHURI','ANDHERI',2000.00);
INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('375','PRAMOD','VIRAR',8000.00);
INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('481','KRANTI','NEHRU PLACE',3000.00);
/=================================================================================
SQL\Ch07\ASSIGN2

-- 1)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE DEPOSIT.

SELECT * FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--2)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE BORROW.
SELECT * FROM BORROW;
/
--3)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE CUSTOMERS.
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--4)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE BRANCH.
SELECT * FROM BRANCH;
/
--5)GIVE ACCOUNT NO AND AMOUNT OF DEPOSITORS.
SELECT ACTNO,AMOUNT FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--6)GIVE CNAME AND ACCOUNT NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS.
SELECT CNAME,ACTNO FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--7)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS.
SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--8)GIVE NAME OF BRANCHES.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH;
/
--9)GIVE NAME OF BORROWERS.
SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW;
/
--10)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY='NAGPUR';
/

--11)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING AMOUNT GREATER THAN 4000.

SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE AMOUNT > 4000.00;
/

--12)GIVE ACCOUNT DATE OF CUSTOMERS ANIL.

SELECT ADATE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME ='ANIL';
/
--13)GIVE NAME OF ALL BRANCHES LOCATED IN CITY BOMBAY.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH WHERE CITY='BOMBAY';
/
--14)GIVE NAME OF BORROWER HAVING LOAN NO 205.
SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW WHERE LOANNO='205';
./
--15)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING ACCOUNT AT VRCE.
SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE';
/
--16)GIVE NAME OF ALL BRANCHES LOCATED IN CITY DELHI.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH WHERE CITY ='DELHI';
/
--17)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS WHO OPENED ACCOUNT AFTER DATE '1-12-96'.
SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE > '1-DEC-96';
/
--18)GIVE ACCOUNT NO AND AMOUNT OF CUSTOMER HAVING ACCOUNT OPENED BETWEEN
DATE 1-12-96 AND 1-6-96.
SELECT ACTNO , AMOUNT FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE >= '1-DEC-95' AND ADATE <= '1-
MAY-96';
/
--19)GIVE NAME OF CITY WHERE BRANCH KAROLBAGH IS LOCATED.
SELECT CITY FROM BRANCH WHERE BNAME ='KAROLBAGH';
/
--20)GIVE DETAILS OF CUSTOMER ANIL.
SELECT [Link], [Link], [Link] ,[Link] , [Link]
[Link],[Link],[Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 ,CUSTOMERS C1 , BRANCH B1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'ANIL';
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign3

--1)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING LIVING CITY BOMBAY AND BRANCH CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link],[Link],[Link],[Link],[Link],[Link] FROM DEPOSIT
D1,CUSTOMERS C1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = 'BOMBAY' AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--2)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING SAME LIVING CITY AS THEIR BRANCH CITY.
SELECT [Link],[Link],[Link],[Link],
[Link],[Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =[Link]
AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--3)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMER WHO ARE BORROWERS AND DEPOSITORS AND HAVING LIVING
CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] [Link], [Link], [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1, DEPOSIT
D1,BORROW BR1 WHERE [Link] ='NAGPUR' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] =
[Link] ;
/
--4) GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS WHO ARE DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME BRANCH CITY OF MR.
SUNIL.
SELECT [Link], [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] AND
[Link] IN (SELECT [Link], [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2,BRANCH B2 WHERE [Link] =
'SUNIL' AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--5) GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME LIVING CITY AS MR. ANIL AND HAVING DEPOSIT
AMOUNT GREATER THAN 2000.
SELECT [Link],[Link],[Link], [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1
WHERE [Link] > 2000 AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');

/
--6) GIVE NAME OF BORROWERS HAVING DEPOSIT AMOUNT GREATER THAN 1000 AND LOAN
AMOUNT GREATER THAN 2000.
SELECT [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link] FROM BORROW BR1,DEPOSIT
D1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] > 1000 AND [Link] > 2000;
/
--7)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME BRANCH AS BRANCH OF SUNIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL');
/
--8)GIVE NAME OF BORROWERS HAVING LOAN AMOUNT GREATER THAN AMOUNT OF PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link],[Link] FROM BORROW BR1 WHERE [Link] > ALL
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR2 WHERE [Link] = 'PRAMOD');

/
--9)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN SAME CITY WHERE BRANCH OF DEPOSITOR SUNIL IS
LOCATED.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT
[Link],[Link],[Link] FROM BRANCH B1 ,DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL' AND
[Link] = [Link]);
/
--10)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT OF BORROWERS HAVING SAME BRANCH WHERE SUNIL IS
HAVING BRANCH.
SELECT [Link],[Link] FROM BORROW BR1 WHERE [Link] (SELECT
[Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL');
/
--11)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT,ACCOUNT NO,DEPOSIT AMOUNT OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN
CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT
D1,BORROW BR1,
CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] =
'NAGPUR'
/
--12)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT, ACCOUNT NO, DEPOSIT AMOUNT OF CUSTOMERS HAVING
BRANCH LOCATED AT BOMBAY.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT
D1,BORROW BR1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'BOMBAY' AND
[Link] = [Link];
/
--13)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT,ACCOUNT NO,DEPOSIT AMOUNT,BRANCH NAME, BRANCH CITY
AND LIVING CITY OF PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link]
,[Link],[Link] FROM BORROW BR1,DEPOSIT D1 , BRANCH B1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link]=[Link] AND [Link]
= [Link];
/
--14)GIVE DEPOSIT DETAILS AND LOAN DETAILS OF CUSTOMER IN SAME CITY WHERE PRAMOD IS
LIVING.
SELECT [Link] , [Link],[Link] ,[Link] ,[Link] , [Link] ,
[Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 , BORROW BR1 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'PRAMOD');
/
--15)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME BRANCH CITY AS MR. SUNIL AND HAVING SAME
LIVING CITY AS MR. ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =
[Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM BRANCH
B2,DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL'AND [Link] = [Link]) AND [Link] IN (SELECT
[Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--16) GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING AMOUNT GREATER THAN 5000 AND HAVING SAME
LIVING CITY AS MR. PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1 , CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link]
= [Link] AND [Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] > 5000;
/
--17)GIVE CITY OF CUSTOMER HAVING BRANCH CITY SAME AS MR. PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1,DEPOSIT D1,DEPOSIT D2,BRANCH B1,BRANCH B2
WHERE [Link]=[Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--18)GIVE BRANCH CITY AND LIVING CITY OF PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] FROM BRANCH B1,CUSTOMERS C1, DEPOSIT D1 WHERE
[Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--19)GIVE BRANCH CITY OF SUNIL AND BRANCH CITY OF ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND
[Link] = 'SUNIL' OR [Link] = 'ANIL';
/
--20) GIVE LIVING CITY OF ASHOK AND LIVING CITY OF AJAY.
SELECT CNAME,CITY FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE [Link] = 'ASHOK' OR
[Link] = 'AJAY';
/=================================================================================
SQL\Ch07\Assign4

SQL\Ch07\ASSIGN1

CREATE TABLE DEPOSIT (ACTNO VARCHAR2(5) ,CNAME VARCHAR2(18) , BNAME VARCHAR2(18) ,

AMOUNT NUMBER(8,2) ,ADATE DATE);

CREATE TABLE BRANCH(BNAME VARCHAR2(18),CITY VARCHAR2(18));

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(CNAME VARCHAR2(19) ,CITY VARCHAR2(18));

CREATE TABLE BORROW(LOANNO VARCHAR2(5), CNAME VARCHAR2(18),BNAME

VARCHAR2(18),AMOUNT NUMBER (8,2));
/
DESC DEPOSIT;

DESC BRANCH;

DESC CUSTOMERS;

INSERT INTO BRANCH VALUES ('VRCE','NAGPUR');

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES ('ANIL','CALCUTTA');

INSERT INTO BORROW VALUES ('201','ANIL','VRCE',1000.00);

SQL\Ch07\ASSIGN2

-- 1)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE DEPOSIT.

SELECT * FROM DEPOSIT;
/

--2)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE BORROW.

SELECT * FROM BORROW;
/
--3)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE CUSTOMERS.
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--4)LIST ALL DATA FROM TABLE BRANCH.
SELECT * FROM BRANCH;
/
--5)GIVE ACCOUNT NO AND AMOUNT OF DEPOSITORS.
SELECT ACTNO,AMOUNT FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--6)GIVE CNAME AND ACCOUNT NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS.
SELECT CNAME,ACTNO FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--7)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS.
SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--8)GIVE NAME OF BRANCHES.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH;
/
--9)GIVE NAME OF BORROWERS.
SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW;
/
--10)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY='NAGPUR';
/

--11)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING AMOUNT GREATER THAN 4000.

SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE AMOUNT > 4000.00;
/
--12)GIVE ACCOUNT DATE OF CUSTOMERS ANIL.
SELECT ADATE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME ='ANIL';
/
--13)GIVE NAME OF ALL BRANCHES LOCATED IN CITY BOMBAY.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH WHERE CITY='BOMBAY';
/
--14)GIVE NAME OF BORROWER HAVING LOAN NO 205.
SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW WHERE LOANNO='205';
/
--15)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING ACCOUNT AT VRCE.
SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE';
/
--16)GIVE NAME OF ALL BRANCHES LOCATED IN CITY DELHI.
SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH WHERE CITY ='DELHI';
/
--17)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS WHO OPENED ACCOUNT AFTER DATE '1-12-96'.
SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE > '1-DEC-96';
/
--18)GIVE ACCOUNT NO AND AMOUNT OF CUSTOMER HAVING ACCOUNT OPENED BETWEEN
DATE 1-12-96 AND 1-6-96.
SELECT ACTNO , AMOUNT FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE >= '1-DEC-95' AND ADATE <= '1-
MAY-96';
/
--19)GIVE NAME OF CITY WHERE BRANCH KAROLBAGH IS LOCATED.
SELECT CITY FROM BRANCH WHERE BNAME ='KAROLBAGH';
/
--20)GIVE DETAILS OF CUSTOMER ANIL.
SELECT [Link], [Link], [Link] ,[Link] , [Link]
[Link],[Link],[Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 ,CUSTOMERS C1 , BRANCH B1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'ANIL';
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign3

/
--11)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT,ACCOUNT NO,DEPOSIT AMOUNT OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN
CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT
D1,BORROW BR1,
CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] =
'NAGPUR'
/
--12)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT, ACCOUNT NO, DEPOSIT AMOUNT OF CUSTOMERS HAVING
BRANCH LOCATED AT BOMBAY.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT
D1,BORROW BR1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'BOMBAY' AND
[Link] = [Link];
/
--13)GIVE LOANNO,LOAN AMOUNT,ACCOUNT NO,DEPOSIT AMOUNT,BRANCH NAME, BRANCH CITY
AND LIVING CITY OF PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link] , [Link]
,[Link],[Link] FROM BORROW BR1,DEPOSIT D1 , BRANCH B1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link]=[Link] AND [Link]
= [Link];
/
--14)GIVE DEPOSIT DETAILS AND LOAN DETAILS OF CUSTOMER IN SAME CITY WHERE PRAMOD IS
LIVING.
SELECT [Link] , [Link],[Link] ,[Link] ,[Link] , [Link] ,
[Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 , BORROW BR1 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'PRAMOD');
/
--15)GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME BRANCH CITY AS MR. SUNIL AND HAVING SAME
LIVING CITY AS MR. ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =
[Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM BRANCH
B2,DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL'AND [Link] = [Link]) AND [Link] IN (SELECT
[Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--16) GIVE NAME OF DEPOSITORS HAVING AMOUNT GREATER THAN 5000 AND HAVING SAME
LIVING CITY AS MR. PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1 , CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link]
= [Link] AND [Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] > 5000;
/
--17)GIVE CITY OF CUSTOMER HAVING BRANCH CITY SAME AS MR. PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1,DEPOSIT D1,DEPOSIT D2,BRANCH B1,BRANCH B2
WHERE [Link]=[Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--18)GIVE BRANCH CITY AND LIVING CITY OF PRAMOD.
SELECT [Link] , [Link] FROM BRANCH B1,CUSTOMERS C1, DEPOSIT D1 WHERE
[Link] = 'PRAMOD' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--19)GIVE BRANCH CITY OF SUNIL AND BRANCH CITY OF ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND
[Link] = 'SUNIL' OR [Link] = 'ANIL';
/
--20) GIVE LIVING CITY OF ASHOK AND LIVING CITY OF AJAY.
SELECT CNAME,CITY FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE [Link] = 'ASHOK' OR
[Link] = 'AJAY';
/=================================================================================
SQL\Ch07\Assign4

--1)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMERS WHO ARE DEPOSITORS BUT NOT BORROWERS.

SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT

MINUS
(SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW);
/
--2)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMERS WHO ARE DEPOSITORS AND BORROWERS.
SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT
UNION
(SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW);
/
--3)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMERS WITH THEIR AMOUNT WHO ARE BORROWERS OR DEPOSITORS
AND LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link],[Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] =
'NAGPUR' AND [Link] = [Link]
UNION ALL
(SELECT [Link],[Link] FROM BORROW BR1, CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE
[Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link]=[Link]);
/
--4)LIST ALL THE DEPOSITORS HAVING DEPOSIT IN ALL THE BRANCHES WHERE SUNIL IS HAVING
BRANCHES.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL' );
/
--5)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMERS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR AND HAVING BRANCH CITY BOMBAY OR
DELHI.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1,DEPOSIT D1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =
'NAGPUR' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN
('BOMBAY','DELHI');
/
--6)LIST ALL THE DEPOSITORS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = 'NAGPUR');
/
--7)LIST ALL THE DEPOSITORS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR AND HAVING BRANCH CITY BOMBAY.

SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM

DEPOSIT D2 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link]=[Link]
INTERSECT
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D3, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = 'BOMBAY' AND
[Link] = [Link]));
/
--8)LIST THE BRANCH CITIES OF ANIL AND SUNIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] IN ('SUNIL','ANIL') AND
[Link] =[Link];
/
--9)LIST THE CUSTOMERS HAVING DEPOSIT GREATER THAN 1000 AND LOAN LESS THAN 10000.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] > 1000 AND [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1 WHERE
AMOUNT < 10000);
/
--10)LIST THE BORROWERS HAVING BRANCH CITY SAME AS MR. SUNIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR2 , BRANCH B2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL'
AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--11)LIST THE CITIES OF DEPOSITORS HAVING BRANCH VRCE.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM
DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'VRCE');
/
--12)LIST THE DEPOSITORS HAVING SAME LIVING CITY AS MR. SUNIL AND SAME BRANCH CITY AS
MR. ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =
[Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2
WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL')
AND
[Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2, BRANCH B2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL'
AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--13)LIST THE DEPOSITORS HAVING AMOUNT LESS THAN 1000 AND LIVING IN SAME CITY AS MR.
ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] < 1000 AND
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN (SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE
[Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--14)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMERS WHO ARE DEPOSITORS AND BORROWERS AND LIVING IN SAME
CITY AS MR. ANIL.

SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] IN

((SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1)
INTERSECT
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1))
AND
[Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--15)LIST ALL THE CITIES WHERE BRANCHES OF ANIL AND SUNIL IS LOCATED.
SELECT [Link] FROM BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN ('ANIL','SUNI'));
/
--16)LIST ALL THE CUSTOMER NAME AMOUNT OF DEPOSITOR LIVING IN CITY WHERE ANIL OR
SUNIL IS LIVING.

SELECT [Link] , [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1

WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] IN ('SUNIL','ANIL'));
/
--17)LIST AMOUNT OF DEPOSITORS LIVING IN CITY WHERE ANIL IS LIVING.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
AND [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--18)LIST THE CITIES WHICH ARE BRANCH CITY OF ANIL OR LIVING CITY OF SUNIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM BRANCH B1,DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN ('ANIL') AND
[Link] = [Link]
UNION
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] IN ('SUNIL'));
/
--19)LIST THE CUSTOMERS WHO ARE BORROWERS OR DEPOSITORS AND HAVING LIVING CITY
NAGPUR AND BRANCH CITY SAME AS MR. SUNIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1,BRANCH B1,DEPOSIT D3
WHERE [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND
[Link] IN ((SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1)
UNION
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1))
AND
[Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2 , BRANCH B2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL'
AND [Link] = [Link])
AND
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--20)LIST THE CUSTOMERS WHO ARE BORROWERS AND DEPOSITORS AND HAVING SAME
BRANCH CITY AS MR. ANIL.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1,DEPOSIT D1 , BRANCH B1 WHERE
[Link] IN
((SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1)
INTERSECT
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2))
AND
[Link] = [Link]
AND
[Link] = [Link]
AND
[Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D3 , BRANCH B2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL' AND
[Link] = [Link]);

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign5

--1) LIST TOTAL LOAN.

SELECT SUM (AMOUNT) FROM BORROW;
/
--2)LIST TOTAL DEPOSIT.
SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT;
/
--3)LIST TOTAL LOAN FROM KAROLBAGH BRANCH.
SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM BORROW WHERE BNAME = 'KAROLBAGH';
/
--4)LIST TOTAL DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMER HAVING ACCOUNT DATE AFTER 1-JAN-96.
SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE > '1-JAN-96';
/
--5)LIST TOTAL DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT SUM([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D1 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = 'NAGPUR'
AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--6)LIST MAXIMUM DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN BOMBAY.
SELECT MAX([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D1 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] = 'BOMBAY' AND
[Link] = [Link];
/
--7)LIST TOTAL DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMERS HAVING BRANCH CITY DELHI.
SELECT SUM([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D1 , BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = 'DELHI' AND
[Link] = [Link];
/
--8)LIST TOTAL DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN SAME CITY WHERE SUNIL IS LIVING.
SELECT SUM([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link]=[Link] AND [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL');
/
--9)COUNT TOTAL NUMBER OF BRANCH CITIES.
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (CITY)) FROM BRANCH ;
/
--10)COUNT TOTAL NUMBER OF CUSTOMER CITIES.
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (CITY)) FROM CUSTOMERS ;
/
--11)GIVE BRANCH NAME AND BRANCHWISE DEPOSIT.
SELECT BNAME , SUM(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT GROUP BY BNAME;
/

--12)GIVE CITY NAME AND CITYWISE DEPOSIT.

SELECT [Link] , SUM([Link]) FROM CUSTOMERS C1 , DEPOSIT D1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link];
/
--13)GIVE CITYWISE NAME AND BRANCHWISE DEPOSIT.
SELECT [Link],SUM([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D1 , BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] =
[Link] GROUP BY [Link],[Link];
/
--14)GIVE THE BRANCHWISE DEPOSIT OF CUSTOMER AFTER ACCOUNT DATE 1-JAN-96.

SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT WHERE ADATE > '1-JAN-96' GROUP BY BNAME;
/
--15)GIVE BRANCHWISE LOAN OF CUSTOMER LIVING IN NAGPUR.
SELECT SUM([Link]) FROM BORROW BR1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link]=[Link] AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR' GROUP BY [Link];
/
--16)COUNT TOTAL NUMER OF CUSTOMERS.
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (CNAME)) FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--17)COUNT TOTAL NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS BRANCHWISE.
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (CNAME)) FROM DEPOSIT GROUP BY BNAME;
/
--18)GIVE MAXIMUM LOAN FROM BRANCH VRCE.
SELECT MAX(AMOUNT) FROM BORROW WHERE BNAME ='VRCE';
/
--19)GIVE LIVING CITYWISE LOAN OF BORROWERS.
SELECT SUM([Link]) FROM BORROW BR1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link]
=[Link] GROUP BY [Link];
/
--20)GIVE NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS WHO ARE DEPOSITORS AND BORROWERS.
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT (CNAME)) FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CNAME IN
((SELECT CNAME FROM DEPOSIT)
INTERSECT
(SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW));
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign6

--1)LIST THE BRANCHES HAVING SUM OF DEPOSIT MORE THAN 50000.

SELECT BNAME FROM DEPOSIT GROUP BY BNAME HAVING SUM(AMOUNT) > 5000;
/
--2)LIST THE BRANCHES HAVING SUM OF DEPOSIT MORE THAN 50000 AND LOCATED IN CITY
BOMBAY.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
AND [Link] ='BOMBAY' GROUP BY [Link] HAVING SUM([Link]) > 5000;
/
--3)LIST THE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING DEPOSIT IN THE BRANCHES WHERE AVERAGE
DEPOSIT IS MORE THAN 5000.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
CNAME IN (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1
GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING AVG([Link]) > 5000);

/
--4)LIST THE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING MAXIMUM DEPOSIT.

SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] IN

(SELECT MAX([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2);
/
--5)LIST THE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING MAXIMUM DEPOSIT IN THE CUSTOMERS LIVING IN
NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 , CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link] IN
(SELECT MAX([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2);
/
--6)LIST THE NAME OF BRANCH HAVING HIGHEST NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) > = ALL (SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2
GROUP BY [Link]);
/
--7)COUNT THE NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS LIVING IN NAGPUR.
SELECT COUNT ([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link] = [Link];
/
--8)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS IN VRCE BRANCH HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN ALL
CUSTOMERS FROM SB BRANCH.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'VRCE'GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING [Link] > ALL
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'SB');
/
--9)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS IN VRCE BRANCH HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN ANY OTHER
CUSTOMER IN SB BRANCH.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'VRCE'AND
[Link] > ANY
( SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'VIRAR');
/
--10)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING HIGHEST DEPOSIT IN THE BRANCH WHERE
-- SUNIL IS HAVING DEPOSIT.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP BY [Link] WHERE
[Link] >= ALL (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2 WHERE
[Link] = 'SUNIL');
/
--11)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING HIGHEST DEPOSIT IN THE CITY WHERE BRANCH OF
SUNIL IS LOCATED.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND
[Link] >=ALL (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2, BRANCH B2 WHERE
[Link] = 'SUNIL' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--12)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN THE
-- AVERAGE DEPOSIT IN THEIR RESPECTIVE BRANCHES.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] >= ALL
(SELECT AVG([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2
WHERE
[Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link]);
/
--13)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS HAVING MAXIMUM DEPOSIT AMONG DEPOSIT OF NAGPUR FOR
BRANCH VRCE.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE
[Link] = 'VRCE' AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link] = [Link]
AND
[Link] >= ALL(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2,CUSTOMERS
C2 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'VRCE' AND
[Link] = 'NAGPUR');
/
--14)GIVE THE NAME OF BRANCH WHERE NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS ARE MORE THAN 5.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) > 5;
/
--15)GIVE NAME OF CITY HAVING MORE CUSTOMERS LIVING THAN NAGPUR.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT ([Link]) > ALL (SELECT COUNT([Link])
FROM CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'NAGPUR');
/
--16)GIVE NAME OF BRANCHES HAVING NUMBER OF DEPOSITORS MORE THAN NUMBER OF
BORROWERS.
SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) > ALL (SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM BORROW BR1
WHERE [Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link]);
/
--17)GIVE THE NAME OF CITIES WHERE IN WHICH MAXIMUM BRANCHES ARE LOCATED.
SELECT [Link] FROM BRANCH B1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) > ALL
(SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM BRANCH B2 GROUP BY [Link]);
/
--18)GIVE NAME OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN SAME CITY WHERE MAXIMUM DEPOSITORS ARE
LOCATED.
SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE
[Link] = [Link]
GROUP BY [Link] HAVING COUNT([Link]) >= ALL
(SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2,CUSTOMERS C3
WHERE [Link] = [Link]
GROUP BY [Link]));
/
--19)GIVE NAME OF BORROWERS HAVING SAME BRANCH CITY AS HIGHEST BORROWERS.
SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1 WHERE [Link] IN
((SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR2 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) >= ALL(SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM
BORROW BR3 GROUP BY [Link])));
/
--20)COUNT NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS LIVING IN SAME CITY WHERE BRANCH
-- IS LOCATED.
SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM CUSTOMERS C1 , DEPOSIT D1,
BRANCH B1 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link]
AND [Link] = [Link];
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign7

UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1
WHERE [Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link] HAVING AVG([Link])
>= ALL (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2,
CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link])))
/

--1)GIVE 10% INTEREST TO ALL DEPOSITORS.

UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT * 1.1;
/
--2)GIVE 10% INTEREST TO ALL DEPOSITORS HAVING BRANCH VRCE.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT * 1.1 WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE';
/
--3)GIVE 10% INTEREST TO ALL DEPOSITORS LIVING IN NAGPUR.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT * 1.1 WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY = 'NAGPUR');
/
--4)GIVE 10% INTEREST TO ALL DEPOSITORS LIVING IN NAGPUR AND HAVING BRANCH CITY
BOMBAY.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT * 1.1 WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY = 'NAGPUR')
AND
BNAME IN
(SELECT BNAME FROM BRANCH WHERE CITY = 'BOMBAY');
/
--5)ADD TO DEPOSIT OF ANIL HUNDRED RUPEES AND ASSIGN IT TO SUNIL.
--REM 3 QUERIES FOR ;
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = ( SELECT AVG(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME =
'ANIL')
WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL';
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 100
WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL';
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 100 WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL';
/
--6)CHANGE THE DEPOSIT OF VRCE BRANCH TO 1000 AND CHANGE THE BRANCH AS
VRCE_AMBAZARI.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = 1000,
BNAME = 'VRCE_AMBAZARI' WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE';

/
--7)ASSIGN TO DEPOSIT OF ANIL MAXIMUM DEPOSIT FROM VRCE BRANCH.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = (SELECT MAX(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE') WHERE
CNAME = 'ANIL';
/
--8)CHANGE THE LIVING CITY OF VRCE BRANCH BORROWERS TO NAGPUR.
UPDATE CUSTOMERS
SET CITY = 'NAGPUR' WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT CNAME FROM BORROW WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE');
/
--9)UPDATE DEPOSIT OF ANIL , GIVE HIM MAXIMUM DEPOSIT FROM DEPOSITORS IN LIVING
CITY NAGPUR.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = (SELECT MAX(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT, CUSTOMERS WHERE
[Link] = [Link] AND [Link]
= 'NAGPUR')
WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL';
/
--10)GIVE DEPOSIT TO ANIL, SUM OF DEPOSIT OF SUNIL AND VIJAY.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = (SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN
('SUNIL','VIJAY')) WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL';
/
--11) TRANSFER 10 RS FROM ACCOUNT OF ANIL TO SUNIL.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT - 10 WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL';
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10 WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL';
/
--12) TRANSFER 10 RS FROM ACCOUNT OF ANIL TO SUNIL IF BOTH ARE HAVING SAME BRANCH.

UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT - 10 WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL' AND BNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 WHERE [Link] = 'SUNIL');
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET
AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10 WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL' AND BNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL');
/
--13) TRANSFER 10 RS FROM ACCOUNT OF ANIL TO SUNIL IF BOTH ARE LIVING IN NAGPUR.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT - 10 WHERE CNAME = 'ANIL' AND CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C1, CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE
[Link] = 'SUNIL' AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR' AND [Link]=[Link]);
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET
AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10 WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL' AND CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C2, CUSTOMERS C4 WHERE
[Link] = 'ANIL' AND [Link]=[Link]);
/
--14)TRANSFER 10 RS FROM ACCOUNT OF ANIL TO SUNIL IF BOTH ARE LIVING IN SAME CITY.

UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10 WHERE CNAME = 'SUNIL' AND CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM CUSTOMERS C3, CUSTOMERS C4 WHERE
[Link]='ANIL' AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--16)GIVE 100 RS MORE TO ALL DEPOSITORS IF THEY ARE MAXIMUM DEPOSITORS IN THEIR
RESPECTIVE BRANCH.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 100
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1
WHERE BNAME IN
( SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1
GROUP BY [Link] HAVING AVG([Link]) >= ALL
(SELECT MAX([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2 WHERE
[Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link])));
/
--17)GIVE 10 RS MORE TO ALL DEPOSITORS HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN THE AVERAGE
DEPOSIT.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING SUM([Link]) > ALL (SELECT AVG([Link]) FROM DEPOSIT D2));
/

--18)GIVE 10 RS MORE FOR ALL DEPOSITORS HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN THE AVERAGE
DEPOSIT OF THEIR BRANCH.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1
GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING SUM([Link]) > ALL (SELECT AVG([Link])FROM DEPOSIT D2
WHERE [Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link]));
/
--19)GIVE 10 RS MORE FOR ALL CUSTOMERS LIVING IN SAME CITY WHERE THEIR BRANCH IS
LOCATED.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1, BRANCH B1, CUSTOMERS C1
WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link] AND
[Link] = [Link]);
/
--20)GIVE 10 RS MORE FOR ALL DEPOSITORS HAVING MORE DEPOSIT THAN AVERAGE DEPOSIT
OF THEIR BRANCH.
UPDATE DEPOSIT
SET AMOUNT = AMOUNT + 10
WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1
WHERE [Link] = [Link] GROUP BY [Link],[Link] HAVING
SUM([Link])
>= ALL (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D2,
CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = [Link]))
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch07\Assign8

--1)DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS.

DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS;
/
--2)DELETE DEPOSITORS OF BRANCHES HAVING NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS BETWEEN 1 TO 3.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN (SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1 GROUP
BY [Link] HAVING COUNT([Link]) BETWEEN 1 AND 3);
/
--3)DELETE BRANCHES HAVING AVERAGE DEPOSIT LESS THAN 5000.
DELETE FROM BRANCH WHERE BNAME IN
(SELECT BNAME FROM DEPOSIT GROUP BY BNAME HAVING AVG(AMOUNT) < 5000);
/
--4)DELETE BRANCHES HAVING MAXIMUM LOAN MORE THAN 5000.
DELETE FROM BRANCH WHERE BNAME IN
(SELECT BNAME FROM BORROW GROUP BY BNAME HAVING MAX(AMOUNT) > 5000);
/
--5)DELETE BRANCHES HAVING DEPOSIT FROM NAGPUR.
DELETE FROM BRANCH WHERE
BNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM DEPOSIT D1,CUSTOMERS C1 WHERE [Link] =
[Link] AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR');
/
--6)DELETE DEPOSIT OF ANIL AND SUNIL IF BOTH ARE HAVING BRANCH VIRAR.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN ('ANIL', 'SUNIL') AND
EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM DEPOSIT D1, DEPOSIT D2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL' AND [Link] = '
SUNIL' AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link]='VIRAR');
/
--7)DELETE DEPOSIT OF ANIL AND SUNIL IF BOTH ARE HAVING LIVING CITY NAGPUR.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN ('ANIL', 'SUNIL') AND EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS C1 , CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL' AND
[Link] = 'SUNIL'AND [Link] = [Link] AND [Link] = 'NAGPUR');
/
--8)DELETE DEPOSIT OF ANIL AND SUNIL IF BOTH ARE HAVING SAME LIVING CITY.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN ('ANIL', 'SUNIL') AND EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS C1 , CUSTOMERS C2 WHERE [Link] = 'ANIL' AND
[Link] = 'SUNIL' AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--9)DELETE DEPOSIT OF ANIL AND SUNIL IF THEY ARE HAVING LESS DEPOSIT THAN VIJAY.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME IN ('ANIL','SUNIL') AND EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM DEPOSIT D1 , DEPOSIT D2 [Link] IN ('ANIL','SUNIL') AND [Link] =
'VIJAY' AND [Link] < [Link]);
/
--10) DELETE DEPOSIT OF VIJAY.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME = 'VIJAY';
/
--11)DELETE DEPOSIT OF AJAY IF VIJAY IS NOT DEPOSITOR.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME = 'AJAY' AND
NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME = 'VIJAY');
/
--12)DELETE CUSTOMERS FROM BOMBAY CITY.
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY = 'BOMBAY';
/
--13)DELETE IF DEPOSITORS BRANCH IS VIRAR AND DEPOSITOR NAME IS AJAY.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE CNAME = 'AJAY' AND BNAME = 'VIRAR';
/
--14)DELETE DEPOSITORS HAVING DEPOSIT LESS THAN 500.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE AMOUNT < 500;
/
--15)DELETE BORROWER HAVING LOAN MORE THAN 10000.
DELETE FROM BORROW WHERE AMOUNT > 10000;
/
--16)DELETE BORROWER HAVING LOAN MORE THAN 1000 AND BRANCH KAROLBAGH.
DELETE FROM BORROW WHERE AMOUNT > 1000 AND BNAME = 'KAROLBAGH';
/
--17)DELETE DEPOSITORS OF VRCE BRANCH AND LIVING IN CITY BOMBAY.
DELETE FROM DEPOSIT WHERE BNAME = 'VRCE' AND CNAME IN
(SELECT CNAME FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CITY = 'BOMBAY');
/
--18)DELETE BORROWER HAVING BRANCH NAME CHANDNI.
DELETE FROM BORROW WHERE BNAME = 'CHANDNI';
/
--19)DELETE BORROWER OF BRANCHES HAVING AVERAGE LOAN LESS THAN 1000.
DELETE FROM BORROW WHERE CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1 GROUP BY [Link] HAVING
AVG([Link]) < 1000);
/
--20)DELETE BORROWER OF BRANCHES HAVING MINIMUM NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS.
DELETE FROM BORROW WHERE
CNAME IN
(SELECT [Link] FROM BORROW BR1 GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING COUNT([Link]) <= ALL (SELECT COUNT([Link]) FROM BORROW
BR2
GROUP BY [Link]));
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08

SQL\Ch08\ASSIGN1

--1) LIST CONTENTS OF COURSE.

SELECT * FROM COURSE;
/
--2) LIST CONTENTS OF BATCH.
SELECT * FROM BATCH;
/
--3)LIST CONTENTS OF BATCH FOR PARTICULAR COURSE.
COURSE CODE =10.

SELECT * FROM BATCH

WHERE COURSECODE=10;
/
--4)LIST CONTENTS OF BATCH WHICH STARTS FROM A PARTICULAR DATE SAY --STARTING
DATE =23-JAN-1999.
SELECT * FROM BATCH
WHERE STARTINGDATE='23-JAN-99';
/
--5)LIST BATCH CODE OF BATCH HAVING NET INCOME MORE THAN 50000.
SELECT BATCHCODE FROM BATCH
WHERE NETINCOME >50000;
/
--6)LIST BATCH CODE OF BATCH HAVING EXPECTED INCOME MORE THAN NET INCOME --BY
2000.

SELECT BATCHCODE
FROM BATCH
WHERE EXPECTEDINCOME-NETINCOME>2000;
/
-- 7) LIST ENQUIRIES FOR COURSE CODE 11.
SELECT * FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE COURSECODE=11;
/
--8) LIST NAME OF PERSONS HAVING CITY NAGPUR.
SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE CITY='NAGPUR';
/
--9) LIST ADVERTISEMENT DATE.
SELECT ADVDATE
FROM ADVERTISEMENT;
/
--10) LIST ROLLNO FOR PARTICULAR BATCH.
SELECT ROLLNO
FROM ENROLLMENT
WHERE BATCHCODE=10001;
/
--11)LIST ALL EXPENDITURE TYPE FROM EXPMASTER.
SELECT EXPTYPE
FROM EXPMASTER;
/
--12) LIST DETAILS OF PERSON ENQUIRED FOR A PARTICULAR COURSE.
SELECT * FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE COURSECODE=11;
/
--13) LIST DETAIL ABOUT ENROLLMENT.
SELECT * FROM ENROLLMENT;
/
--14) LIST CONTENTS OF EXPENDITURE.
SELECT * FROM EXPENDITURE;
/
--15)LIST INSTALLMENTS HAVING STATUS 'N'.
SELECT * FROM INSTALLMENT
WHERE INSTALLSTATUS='N';
/
-- 16) LIST SYLLABUS OF PARTICULAR COURSE.
SELECT SYLLABUS
FROM COURSE
WHERE COURSECODE=11;
/
--17)LIST CONTENTS OF EXPENDITURE MASTER.
SELECT * FROM EXPMASTER;
/
--18) LIST CONTENTS OF FEESPAID.
SELECT * FROM FEESPAID;
/
--19) LIST ALL DETAILS FOR EXPAUDIT.
SELECT * FROM EXPAUDIT;
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\ASSIGN2

--1)LIST COURSENAME,STARTINGDATE OF ALL BATCHES.

SELECT COURSENAME,BATCHCODE,STARTINGDATE
FROM BATCH,COURSE
WHERE [Link]=[Link];
/
--2) LIST COURSE NAME,STARTINGDATE FOR A PARTICULAR BATCH.

SELECT COURSENAME,BATCHCODE,STARTINGDATE
FROM BATCH,COURSE
/
--3)LIST MEDIA NAME,DATE OF ADVERTISEMENT FOR A SPECIFIED COURSE.
SELECT MEDIANAME,ADVDATE
FROM ENQUIRY,ADVERTISEMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11;
/
--4)LIST ROLL NO AND NAME OF STUDENTS FOR A PARTICULAR BATCH.
SELECT ROLLNO,FNAME,SNAME
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11001;
/
5)LIST ROLLNO,ADDRESS OF STUDENTS IN SPECIFIED BATCH.
SELECT ROLLNO,PLOTNO,STREET,CITY,PINCODE,PHONE
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11001;

OR
SELECT ROLLNO,(PLOTNO||'
'||STREET||'
'||CITY||'
'||PIN||'
'||PHONE) ADDRESS
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11001;
/
6) LIST ROLLNO, NAME,AND FEESPAID FOR A PARTICULAR BATCH.
SELECT
[Link],SNAME,[Link],[Link]
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT,FEESPAID
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11001;
/
7)LIST ROLLNO,NAME,INSTALLMENT DATE,AMOUNT FOR A PARTICULAR BATCH.

SELECT [Link],[Link],
[Link],[Link]
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT,INSTALLMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=11001;
/
8)LIST COURSE NAME, AND DETAILS OF ALL BATCHES.
SELECT
[Link],[Link],[Link],[Link],
[Link],[Link],[Link],[Link]
FROM COURSE,BATCH
WHERE [Link]=[Link];
/
--[Link] ROLLNO, NAME OF STUDENTS WHO PAID FEES MORE THAN 5000 AT A TIME.

SELECT [Link],[Link]
FROM ENQUIRY,ENROLLMENT,FEESPAID
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]>5000;
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign3

1)LIST NAME OF BATCHES HAVING NETINCOMECOME MORE THAN SPECIFIED BATCH.

SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B
WHERE [Link] >(SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B1
WHERE [Link]=11001);
/
--2) LIST NAME OF PERSONS HAVING ADDRESS IN ALL THOSE CITY WHERE A SPECIFIED
--PERSON IS LIVING.

SELECT [Link] NAME

FROM ENQUIRY E1,ENQUIRY E2
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]='SACHIN';
/
--3)LIST BATCHCODE OF BATCHES HAVING EXPECTED INCOME MORE THAN
ANY SPECIFIED [Link] THE BATCHES SHOULD BE OF SAME COURSE.

SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B1,BATCH B2
WHERE [Link]>[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=10001;
/
--4)LIST NAME OF STUDENTS WHICH ARE IN SAME BATCH IN WHICH PERSON JAYANT IS
--ENROLLED.
SELECT [Link] NAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1,ENQUIRY E2,ENROLLMENT EN1,ENROLLMENT EN2
WHERE [Link]='JAYANT'
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link];
/
--[Link] NAME OF STUDENTS WHICH ARE ENROLLED IN SAME COURSE WHERE JAYANT --IS
ENROLLED.
SELECT [Link] NAME FROM ENQUIRY E1,ENQUIRY E2,ENROLLMENT EN1,ENROLLMENT
EN2,BATCH B1,BATCH B2
WHERE [Link]='JAYANT'
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link];
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign4

--1)LIST DETAILS OF BATCH HAVING SPECIFIED COURSE NAME.

SELECT * FROM BATCH
WHERE COURSECODE IN
(SELECT COURSECODE
FROM COURSE
WHERE COURSENAME='ORACLE');
/
--2. LIST NAME OF PERSONS ENROLLED IN SPECIFIED BATCH
USING IN
SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1
WHERE [Link] IN (SELECT ENQUIRYNO FROM ENROLLMENT
WHERE BATCHCODE=11001);
/
--3)LIST NAME OF PERSONS ENROLLED IN SPECIFIED COURSE

SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1,ENROLLMENT EN1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]
IN(SELECT BATCHCODE
FROM BATCH
WHERE COURSECODE=10);
/
--3)ASSUMING ONE PERSON IS ENROLLED IN MULTIPLE BATCHES,LIST ALL PERSONS
--ENROLLED IN ALL THOSE BATCHES WHERE SOMESH HAS ENROLLED;

SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1
WHERE
NOT EXISTS((SELECT [Link]
FROM ENQUIRY E2,ENROLLMENT EN2
WHERE [Link]='SOMESH'
AND [Link]=[Link])
MINUS
SELECT [Link]
FROM ENQUIRY E3,ENROLLMENT EN3
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]));
/
--4)ASSUMING ONE PERSON IS ENROLLED IN MULTIPLE COURSES,LIST NAME OF
PERSONS ENROLLED IN ALL THOSE BATCHES.

SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1
WHERE
NOT EXISTS((SELECT [Link]
FROM ENQUIRY E2,ENROLLMENT EN2
WHERE [Link]='ANIL'
AND [Link]=[Link])
MINUS
(SELECT [Link]
FROM ENQUIRY E3,ENROLLMENT EN3
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]))
/
Assuming one person is enrolled in multiple batches, list persons enrolled in all those batches where ANIL
has enrolled.
SQL>SELECT [Link]
2 FROM ENQUIRY E1
3 WHERE NOT EXISTS
4 ((SELECT [Link]
5 FROM BATCH B1,ENROLLMENT EN1,ENQUIRY E2
6 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
7 AND [Link] = [Link]
8 AND [Link] = ’ANIL’)
9 MINUS
10 (SELECT [Link]
11 FROM BATCH B2,ENROLLMENT EN2
12 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
13 AND [Link] = [Link]));
/
List names of students who have not paid any fees.
SQL>SELECT FNAME
2 FROM ENQUIRY E1
3 WHERE ENROLLSTATUS = ’Y’
4 AND
5 NOT EXISTS
6 (SELECT * FROM ENROLLMENT EN1,FEESPAID F1
7 WHERE [Link] = [Link]
8 AND [Link] = [Link]);
/
--8)LIST NAME OF PERSONS ENROLLED IN BATCH HAVING STARTING DATE MORE
--THAN SPECIFIED DATE.
SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1,ENROLLMENT EN1,BATCH B1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM BATCH B2
WHERE STARTINGDATE>'23-JAN-99'
AND [Link]=[Link] );
/
--9. LIST NAME OF STUDENTS LIVING IN NAGPUR AND ENROLLED IN COURSE 10.
SELECT FNAME
FROM ENQUIRY E1
WHERE [Link]='NAGPUR'
AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM ENROLLMENT EN1,BATCH B1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=10);
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign5

--1) LIST AVG AMOUNT OF EACH BATCH;

SELECT COURSECODE, AVG(NETINCOME) FROM BATCH
GROUP BY [Link] ;
/
-- 2. LIST NAME OF BATCH HAVING AVG ANOUNT >1000.

SELECT BATCHCODE
FROM BATCH
GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING AVG([Link])>1000;
/
3)FIND OUT NAME OF COURSE HAVING MAXIMUM NETINCOMECOME
SELECT [Link]
FROM COURSE C
WHERE [Link]
IN(SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B
GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING SUM([Link])>=ALL
( SELECT SUM([Link])FROM BATCH B1
GROUP BY ([Link]))) ;
/
--4)FIND OUT NAME OF COURSE HAVING MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE OF NETINCOMECOME
AND EXPECTED INCOME.
SELECT [Link]
FROM COURSE C
WHERE [Link]
IN(SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B
GROUP BY [Link]
HAVING (SUM([Link])-SUM([Link]))>=ALL
( SELECT (SUM([Link])-SUM([Link]))FROM BATCH B1
GROUP BY ([Link]))) ;
/
--5). FIND OUT TOTAL FEES PAID BY A PARTICULAR STUDENT.
SELECT SUM(AMOUNT) FROM FEESPAID
WHERE ROLLNO = 11001100;
/
--6)FIND OUT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXPECTED FEES AND TOTAL FEES FOR A
--PARTICULAR ROLL NUMBER.
SELECT ([Link])
FROM (SELECT ROLLNO ROLLNO1, SUM(AMOUNT) TOTAL
FROM FEESPAID
GROUP BY (ROLLNO)) F1 ,BATCH,ENROLLMENT
WHERE F1.ROLLNO1=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND F1.ROLLNO1=11001100;
/
--7)FIND OUT COURSE WISE INCOME.
SELECT [Link],SUM([Link])
FROM COURSE A,BATCH B
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
GROUP BY [Link];
/
--8)FIND OUT SUM OF FEES AND ROLLNO FOR A SEPCIFIED COURSE;
SELECT [Link],SUM([Link])
FROM FEESPAID A,COURSE B,BATCH C,ENROLLMENT D
WHERE [Link]='JAVA'
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
GROUP BY [Link]
/
--9) FIND OUT TOTAL AMOUNT COLLECTED

SELECT COUNT(ENQUIRYNO) FROM ENQUIRY

WHERE COURSECODE=11
/
--10) FIND OUT NUMBER OF ENQUIRES FOR A SPECIFIED ADVERTISEMENT CODE
SELECT COUNT(ENQUIRYNO) FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE ADVCODE=11
/
--11)FIND OUT NUMBER OF ENQUIRES FOR SPECIFIED COURSE
SELECT COUNT(ENQUIRYNO) FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE COURSECODE=11
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign6

--1) FIND OUT SUM OF AMOUNT COLLECTED MONTHWISE.

SELECT TO_CHAR([Link],'MM'),TO_CHAR([Link],'MON'),
SUM([Link]) FROM FEESPAID A
GROUP BY TO_CHAR([Link],'MM'),TO_CHAR([Link],'MON')
ORDER BY 1;
/
--2)FIND OUT SUM OF AMOUNT COLLECTED WEEKLY (YEARLY WEEK).

SELECT TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'IW'),SUM(AMOUNT)
FROM FEESPAID
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'IW');
/
--3. FIND OUT MONTHLY ,WEEKLY INCOME.
SELECT TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MON'),TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'W'),SUM(AMOUNT)
FROM FEESPAID
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MON'),TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'W')
/
--4)FIND OUT ROLL NO AND NAME OF STUDENT WHO HAS NOT PAID
AMOUNT ACCORDING TO THEIR INSTALLMENT DATE

SELECT [Link],[Link]
FROM ENROLLMENT EN1,ENQUIRY E1,INSTALLMENT I1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM FEESPAID F1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link])
/
--[Link] OUT EXPENDITURE MONTHWISE.

SELECT TO_CHAR(EXPDATE,'MM'),TO_CHAR(EXPDATE,'MON'), SUM(AMOUNT)

FROM EXPENDITURE
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(EXPDATE,'MM'),TO_CHAR(EXPDATE,'MON')
ORDER BY 1;
/
--6) FIND OUT ENROLLMENT DATEWISE FOR PREVIOUS 15 DAYS.

SELECT [Link], TO_DATE(SYSDATE)-

[Link],COUNT([Link])
FROM ENROLLMENT A
WHERE TO_DATE(SYSDATE)-[Link]
BETWEEN 1 AND 15
AND BATCHCODE=1003
GROUP BY [Link], TO_DATE(SYSDATE)- [Link]
ORDER BY 1;
/
--7) FIND OUT QUARTERLY INCOME FOR SPECIFIED COURSE.

SELECT TO_CHAR(STARTINGDATE,'Q'),SUM(NETINCOME)
FROM BATCH
WHERE BATCHCODE=11001
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(STARTINGDATE,'Q')
/
--8) FIND OUT MONTHLY AVG INCOME AND AVG EXPENDITURE.

SELECT TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MM'),TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MON'), AVG(AMOUNT)

FROM FEESPAID
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MM'),TO_CHAR(PAYDATE,'MON')
ORDER BY 1;
/
--9) CALULATE DATEWISE REPONSE FOR AN ADVERTISEMENT.
SELECT TO_CHAR(ENQDATE),[Link],COUNT(ENQUIRYNO)
FROM ADVERTISEMENT JDAD,ENQUIRY
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
GROUP BY TO_CHAR(ENQDATE),[Link]
ORDER BY 2;
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign7

--1) FIND OUT DETAILS OF PERSONS HAVING SPELLING LIKE VIJAY.

SELECT * FROM ENQUIRY
WHERE FNAME LIKE 'VIJAY'
/
--2) FIND OUT NUMBER OF PERSONS WHOSE NAME STARTS WITH 'J'.

SELECT COUNT(FNAME) FROM ENQUIRY

WHERE FNAME LIKE ‘J%';
/
--3)REPLACE ALL NAME WITH FIRST CHARACTER CAPITAL
AND OTHER LOWER CASES.

SELECT INITCAP(FNAME),INITCAP(LNAME)
FROM ENQUIRY
UPDATE ENQUIRY
SET FNAME=INITCAP(FNAME);
/
-- 4) DISPLAY AMOUNT IN FORMAT RS 99,999,99.

SELECT TO_CHAR(NETINCOME,'09,999,99')
FROM BATCH
/
5) PRODUCE STATICSTICS OF FEES COLLECTED AS
LOW HIGH NO OF STUDENTS
1 1000 3
1001 2000 5

SELECT TRUNC([Link],-3) + 1, ROUND((TRUNC([Link],- 3)+500),-

3),COUNT(*)
FROM FEESPAID A
3* GROUP BY TRUNC([Link],-3), ROUND((TRUNC([Link],- 3)+500),-3);
/
--6) FIND STATISTICS FOR A PARTICULAR COURSE.
SELECT TRUNC([Link],-3), ROUND((TRUNC([Link],-3)+500),- 3),COUNT(*)
FROM FEESPAID A,ENROLLMENT B,BATCH C
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=10
GROUP BY TRUNC([Link],-3), ROUND((TRUNC([Link],-3)+500),-3);
/
8) FIND OUT CLOSING AMOUNT FOR EACH BATCH

SELECT [Link],SUM([Link])
FROM FEESPAID P1,FEESPAID P2
WHERE [Link]>=[Link]
GROUP BY [Link]
ORDER BY 1;
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch08\Assign8

--1) delete all rows from course

delete course;
/
--1) delete all rows from course
delete course;
/
--2) delete all rows from BATCH having specified BATCHCODE

delete BATCH
where BATCHCODE=11001;
/
--3) delete all rows from BATCH which is not having any specified expected income

delete BATCH
where EXPECTEDINCOME=0;
/
--4) delete all rows from enq for a specified coursename

delete enquiry
where coursecode in
select coursecode
from course
where coursename='oracle');
/
--5)delete all rows from enq which are six months before
--systime and are not having enrollment.

delete enquiry
where months_between(SYSDATE,ENQDATE)>6
and ENROLLSTATUS='n';
/
--6) update BATCH set NETINCOME according to feespaid;

UPDATE BATCH B
SET [Link]=(SELECT SUM(AMOUNT)
FROM FEESPAID F1,ENROLLMENT EN1,BATCH B1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link])
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM FEESPAID F2,ENROLLMENT EN2,BATCH B2
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]);
/
--7) UPDATE SET EXPECTED INCOME FROM INSTALLMENT

update BATCH d
set EXPECTEDINCOME=(select sum([Link])
from INSTALLEMENT a,ENROLLMENT b,BATCH c
where [Link]=[Link]
and [Link]=[Link]
and [Link]=[Link])
where [Link] in
(SELECT BATCHCODE
from ENROLLMENT,INSTALLEMENT
WHERE [Link]=[Link]
AND [Link]=[Link]);
/
--8)UPDATE LASTNO OF COURSE HAVING DATA FROM BATCH.
UPDATE COURSE C1
SET [Link]=(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM BATCH B1
WHERE [Link]=[Link])
WHERE [Link] IN
(SELECT [Link]
FROM BATCH B2
WHERE [Link]=[Link]);
/
--9) DELETE DUPLICATE ROWS FROM ENQUIRY.

DELETE ENQUIRY A
WHERE [Link] NOT IN
(SELECT MAX([Link]) FROM ENQUIRY A1
WHERE [Link]=[Link]);
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch09

1. Suppose data is
T
Sn Amt
n(2) n(4)
1 100
4 300
7 200
produce the output
Sn ClAmt
1 100
4 400
7 600

2. For the above query find our Sn for which clamt is maximum

3. Suppose data is
T
Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
7 200
11 400
15 150

Find out Sn where Amount is 3rd maximum ( Sn=7)

4 Suppose data is
T
Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
4 300
11 400
15 150

delete duplicate rows and produce

Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
11 400
15 150

5 Suppose data is
company
cname city
ACC NGP
ACC CAL
HLL NGP
HLL MUM
TATA NGP
TATA CAL
TATA DLH
Find out name of companies located in all those cities
where ACC is located(TATA).

Solution: 1

SQL> create table t (sn number(2),amt number(4

Table created.

SQL> insert into T values(&sn,&amt);

Enter value for sn: 1
Enter value for amt: 100
old 1: insert into T values(&sn,&amt)
new 1: insert into T values(1,100)

1 row created.

SQL> edit sql_advanced_queries

SQL> /
Enter value for sn: 4
Enter value for amt: 300
old 1: insert into T values(&sn,&amt)
new 1: insert into T values(4,300)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sn: 7
Enter value for amt: 200
old 1: insert into T values(&sn,&amt)
new 1: insert into T values(7,200)

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

9 rows selected.

Now you apply the condition

[Link] > [Link]

SQL> select [Link],[Link],[Link],[Link] from t t1,t t2 where [Link] >=[Link];

SN AMT SN AMT
--------- --------- --------- ---------
1 100 1 100
4 300 1 100
7 200 1 100
4 300 4 300
7 200 4 300
7 200 7 200

Now make group by [Link] and take sum([Link])

1 select [Link],sum([Link])
2 from t t1,t t2
3 where [Link] >=[Link]
4* group by [Link]
SQL> /

SN SUM([Link])
--------- -----------
1 100
4 400
7 600

2. For the above query find our Sn for which clamt is maximum

use the above solution and in

3. Suppose data is
T
Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
7 200

Find out Sn where Amount is 3rd maximum ( Sn=1)

SQL> select [Link],[Link],[Link],[Link] from t t1,t t2;

SN AMT SN AMT
--------- --------- --------- ---------
1 100 1 100
4 300 1 100
7 200 1 100
1 100 4 300
4 300 4 300
7 200 4 300
1 100 7 200
4 300 7 200
7 200 7 200

9 rows selected.

SQL> select [Link],[Link],[Link],[Link] from t t1,t t2 where [Link] < [Link];

SN AMT SN AMT
--------- --------- --------- ---------
1 100 4 300
7 200 4 300
1 100 7 200
SQL> select [Link],count([Link]) from t t1,t t2 where [Link] < [Link] group by [Link];

SN COUNT([Link])
--------- -------------
1 2
7 1

SQL> select [Link],count([Link]) from t t1,t t2 where [Link] < [Link]

group by [Link] having count([Link]) = 2;

SN COUNT([Link])
--------- -------------
1 2

4 Suppose data is
T
Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
4 300
11 400
15 150

delete duplicate rows and produce

Sn Amt
1 100
4 300
11 400
15 150

delete t t1
where [Link] > any (select rowid
from t t2
where [Link]=[Link]
and [Link] = [Link])
or
delete t t1
where 1 <= (select count(*)
from t t2
where [Link]=[Link] and
[Link] = [Link] and
[Link] > [Link])

5 Suppose data is
company
cname city
ACC NGP
ACC CAL
HLL NGP
HLL MUM
TATA NGP
TATA CAL
TATA DLH
Find out name of companies located in all those cities
where ACC is located(TATA). (Hint use not exists and minus)

SELECT DISTINCT(CNAME) FROM COMPANY

WHERE CNAME<>'TATA' AND CITY IN (SELECT CITY FROM COMPANY CMP1
WHERE [Link]='TATA');
/
tree structured query/hierachical query

SQL> select * from manager;

ENAME MNAME
---------- ----------
Anil Ajay
Shankar Vijay
Jaya
Sunil Jaya
Vijay
Prakash Shankar
Ajay

7 rows selected.

SQL> select ename,mname from manager connect by prior ename=mname start with ename='Vijay';

ENAME MNAME
---------- ----------
Vijay
Shankar Vijay
Prakash Shankar

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select * from manager connect by prior mname=ename start with ename='Vijay'

SQL> /

ENAME MNAME
---------- ----------
Vijay

SQL> spool off

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* select level,ename,mname from manager connect by prior mname=ename start with ename='Prakash'
SQL> /

LEVEL ENAME MNAME

--------- ---------- ----------
1 Prakash Shankar
2 Shankar Vijay
3 Vijay
psedocolumn => level
1* select level,ename,mname from manager connect by prior ename=mname start with ename='Vijay'
SQL> /

LEVEL ENAME MNAME

--------- ---------- ----------
1 Vijay
2 Shankar Vijay
3 Prakash Shankar
2 Abhay Vijay

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]
count number of employees at each level

1 select level,count(ename) from manager connect by prior ename=mname start with ename='Vijay'
2* group by level
SQL> /

LEVEL COUNT(ENAME)
--------- ------------
1 1
2 2
3 1

Try these examples

[Link] out number of employees working under Vijay directly or indirectly

[Link] out name of employees working under Vijay at level 3

2. select level,ename,mname from manager

where level = 3
connect by prior ename=mname
start with ename='Vijay'
/

LEVEL ENAME MNAME

----- ---------- ----------
3 Prakash Shankar
3 Sachin Abhay

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch10

CHECK CONSTRAINT

## CHECK CONSTRAINT TESTS WHETHER CONDITION IS SATISFIED BY DML OPERATION

1 create table ch_con1(a number(2),b number(2),c number(2),

2* constraint ck_con1 check(a > 20),constraint ck_con2 check ((a+b)>50) )
SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> insert into ch_con1 values (10,20,40);

insert into ch_con1 values (10,20,40)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (PSD.CK_CON2) violated

SQL> insert into ch_con1 values(5,60,70);

insert into ch_con1 values(5,60,70)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (PSD.CK_CON1) violated

SQL> insert into ch_con1 values(30,60,70);

1 row created.

## YOU CAN NOT MENTION SYSTEM DATE OR VARIABLES IN CHECK CONSTRAINT

SQL> create table ch_con2(a date,b number(2),
2 constraint ck_ch_con2 check (a < sysdate));
constraint ck_ch_con2 check (a < sysdate))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-02436: date or system variable wrongly specified in CHECK constraint

SQL> alter table ch_con1 disable constraint ck_con1;

Table altered.

SQL> insert into ch_con1 values(2,50,30);

1 row created.

## CHECK CONSTRAINT CAN BE ENABLE USING NOVALIDATE OPTION EVEN IF DATA IS NOT
ACCORDING
## TO CONSTRAINT

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* alter table ch_con1 enable novalidate constraint ck_con1

SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> insert into ch_con1 values(2,50,30);

insert into ch_con1 values(2,50,30)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (PSD.CK_CON1) violated

SQL> spool off

/
create table defer_con(a number(2),b number(2),
constraint pk_defer_con primary key (a) initially deferred ,
constraint ck_defer_con check (b > 5))
/

deferred constraints

## Deferred constraints are imposed at the end of transaction if data is not according to constraint then the
whole transaction is rolled back
## immediate constraint is imposed at the end of dml statement.

SQL> create table defer_con(a number(2),b number(2),

2 constraint pk_defer_con primary key (a) initially deferred ,
3 constraint ck_defer_con check (b > 5));

Table created.

SQL> insert into defer_con values(1,7);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into defer_con values(2,8);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from defer_con;

A B
--------- ---------
1 7
2 8

SQL> insert into defer_con values(3,8);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into defer_con values(1,9);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;
commit
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.PK_DEFER_CON) violated

SQL> select * from defer_con;

A B
--------- ---------
1 7
2 8

## DEFAULT SETTING OF CONSTRAINT IS "NOT DEFERRABLE" AND " IMMEDIATE"

SQL> blockterminator "." (hex 2e)

linesize 100
linesize 1000
select * from user_constraints where TABLE_NAME LIKE 'DEFER_CON%';

OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME

SEARCH_CONDITION R_OWNER
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME DELETE_RU STATUS DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED
GENERATED BAD RELY LAST_CHAN
------------------------------ ------------------------------ - ------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
--------- -------- -------------- --------- ------------- -------------- --- ---- ---------
PSD CK_DEFER_CON C DEFER_CON b>5
ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE IMMEDIATE VALIDATED USER NAME 09-JAN-02
PSD PK_DEFER_CON P DEFER_CON
ENABLED DEFERRABLE DEFERRED VALIDATED USER NAME 09-JAN-02

## THE CONSTRAINT WHICH IS DEFERREBLE CAN BE MADE IMMEDIATE OR DEFERRED USING

SET COMMAND
SQL> SET CONSTRAINT PK_DEFER_CON IMMEDIATE;

Constraint set.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEFER_CON VALUES(1,8);

INSERT INTO DEFER_CON VALUES(1,8)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.PK_DEFER_CON) violated

SQL> SET CONSTRAINT PK_DEFER_CON DEFERRED;

Constraint set.

SQL> INSERT INTO DEFER_CON VALUES(1,8);

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;
COMMIT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.PK_DEFER_CON) violated

##THE CONSTRAINT WHICH IS "NOT DEFERREBLE" CAN BE MADE IMMEDIATE OR DEFERRED

USING SET COMMAND
## IT IS HAVING SETTING IMMEDIATE
SQL> SET CONSTRAINT CK_DEFER_CON DEFERRED;
set CONSTRAINT CK_DEFER_CON DEFERRED
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02447: cannot defer a constraint that is not deferrable
## SETTING FOR "initially IMMDEDIATE" AND " DEFERRABLE"

create table defer_con(a number(2),b number(2),

2 constraint pk_defer_con primary key (a) initially IMMDEDIATE DEFERRABLE ,
3 constraint ck_defer_con check (b > 5));

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/
EXCEPTION TABLE
## SCRIPT UTLEXCPT rdbms/admin
create table exceptions
(row_id rowid,
owner varchar2(30),
table_name varchar2(30),
constraint varchar2(30));

SQL> CREATE TABLE CON_EXCEPT(A NUMBER(2),B NUMBER(2),

2 CONSTRAINT PK_CON_EXCEPT PRIMARY KEY (A),
3 CONSTRAINT CK_CON_EXCEPT CHECK(B > 5) );

Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO CON_EXCEPT VALUES(1,7);

1 row created.

SQL> ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT DISABLE CONSTRAINT PK_CON_EXCEPT;

Table altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT DISABLE CONSTRAINT CK_CON_EXCEPT;

Table altered.

SQL> INSERT INTO CON_EXCEPT VALUES(1,8);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO CON_EXCEPT VALUES(2,2);

1 row created.

## ROWS ARE APPENDED IN EXCEPTION TABLE AND CONSTRAINT IS NOT VALIDATED

SQL> ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT ENABLE CONSTRAINT PK_CON_EXCEPT EXCEPTIONS

2 INTO EXCEPTIONS;
ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT ENABLE CONSTRAINT PK_CON_EXCEPT EXCEPTIONS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02437: cannot validate (PSD.PK_CON_EXCEPT) - primary key violated

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1 ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT ENABLE CONSTRAINT CK_CON_EXCEPT EXCEPTIONS

2* INTO EXCEPTIONS
SQL> /
ALTER TABLE CON_EXCEPT ENABLE CONSTRAINT CK_CON_EXCEPT EXCEPTIONS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02293: cannot validate (PSD.CK_CON_EXCEPT) - check constraint violated

SQL> SELECT * FROM EXCEPTIONS;

ROW_ID OWNER TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT

------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
AAAVJ6AAIAAALTLAAA PSD CON_EXCEPT PK_CON_EXCEPT
AAAVJ6AAIAAALTLAAB PSD CON_EXCEPT PK_CON_EXCEPT
AAAVJ6AAIAAALTLAAC PSD CON_EXCEPT CK_CON_EXCEPT

SQL> SELECT * FROM CON_EXCEPT WHERE ROWID IN (SELECT ROW_ID FROM EXCEPTIONS);

A B
--------- ---------
1 7
1 8
2 2

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1 SELECT T.A,T.B,[Link]
2 FROM CON_EXCEPT T , EXCEPTIONS R
3* WHERE [Link]=R.ROW_ID
SQL> /
A B CONSTRAINT
--------- --------- ------------------------------
1 7 PK_CON_EXCEPT
1 8 PK_CON_EXCEPT
2 2 CK_CON_EXCEPT

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/
Foreign Key

student(rollno,name)
student_marks(rollno,subject,marks) rollno is foreign key

SQL> create table parent(a number(2),b number(2),c number(2),constraint uk_parent unique(a,b));

Table created.

SQL> insert into parent values(1,1,1);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into parent values(2,2,2);

1 row created.

### foreign key columns (a,b) in child table references unique key or primary key
## in parent table . default is primary key i.e if onle parent table is mentioned

Wrote file [Link]

1 create table child(a number(2),b number(2),d number(2),constraint fk_child foreign

2* key (a,b) references parent(a,b) on delete cascade)
SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> insert into child values(1,1,5);

1 row created.
## it will not accept values which are not in parent table

SQL> insert into child values(1,2,4);

insert into child values(1,2,4)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (PSD.FK_CHILD) violated - parent key not found

SQL> insert into child(2,2,3);

insert into child(2,2,3)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword

SQL> insert into child values(2,2,4);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into child values(2,2,7);

1 row created.
## if there is null value in any of the foreign key column it is accepted
## match none implementation
## if parent row is 1 1 1 then following rows are accepted in child rows according to
## type of implementation

## match full => (1,1,4) or (null,null,4)

## match partial => above rows + (null,1,5) or (1,null,3)
## match none => above rows+ all rows having one null value in any foreign key column
## oracle uses match none implementation

SQL> insert into child values(null,5,6);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from parent;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 1
2 2 2

SQL> select * from child;

A B D
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 5
2 2 4
2 2 7
5 6
## on delete cascade means if parent row is deleted corrosponding child rows are also deleted

SQL> delete parent where a=2;

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from child;

A B D
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 5
5 6

## set to null
SQL> alter table child drop constraint fk_child;

Table altered.

1 alter table child add constraint fk_child foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b)
2* on delete set null
SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> select * from parent;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 1
SQL> select * from child;

A B D
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 5
5 6

SQL> delete parent;

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from child;

A B D
--------- --------- ---------
5
5 6

SQL>
## set to default is not implemented
SQL> create table child_2(a number(2) default 1,b number(2) default 1,c number(2),
2 constraint fk_child_2 foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b) on delete set default);
constraint fk_child_2 foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b) on delete set default)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-03001: unimplemented feature

Wrote file [Link]

1 create table child_2(a number(2) default 1,b number(2) default 1,c number(2),
2* constraint fk_child_2 foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b))
SQL> /

Table created.

# #default means if no value is mentioned then default value is assumed instead of null value

SQL> insert into child_2(c) values(4);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from child_2;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
1 1 4

## if null is explicitly mentioned then it is inserted

SQL> insert into child_2 values(null,null,5);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from child_2;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
5

SQL> drop table child_2;

Table dropped.
#on update cascad is not implemented

SQL> create table child_2(a number(2) default 1,b number(2) default 1,c number(2),
2 constraint fk_child_2 foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b) on update cascade);
constraint fk_child_2 foreign key (a,b) references parent(a,b) on update cascade)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00905: missing keyword

SQL> edit
SQL> alter table child disable constraint fk_child;

Table altered.

SQL> insert into child values(1,4,5);

1 row created.

SQL> alter table child enable constraint fk_child;

alter table child enable constraint fk_child
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02298: cannot validate (PSD.FK_CHILD) - parent keys not found

## foreign key constraint is enabled with novalidate option even if data is not
## according to constraint
## the constraints are enforced on next dml operations
##later on existing data can be validated using enable validate

SQL> alter table child enable novalidate constraint fk_child;

Table altered.

SQL> insert into child values(1,4,5);

insert into child values(1,4,5)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (PSD.FK_CHILD) violated - parent key not found

SQL> alter table child enable validate constraint fk_child;

alter table child enable validate constraint fk_child
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02298: cannot validate (PSD.FK_CHILD) - parent keys not found

SQL> delete child where b=4;

1 row deleted.

SQL> alter table child enable validate constraint fk_child;

Table altered.

SQL> spool off

/
## you can not drop the parent table if child table is in existance

SQL> drop table parent;

drop table parent
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02449: unique/primary keys in table referenced by foreign keys

SQL> drop table child;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table parent;

Table dropped.
/
Integrity Constraints

1* create table con1(a number(4) not null,b number(4))

SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> desc con1

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
A NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
B NUMBER(4)

SQL> insert into con1 values(3,6);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into con1 values(null,4);

insert into con1 values(null,4)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("PSD"."CON1"."A")

SQL> insert into con1(b) values(4);

insert into con1(b) values(4)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("PSD"."CON1"."A")

SQL> alter table con1 modify(a null);

Table altered.

SQL> insert into con1 values(null,4);

1 row created.

SQL> alter table con1 modify(a not null);

alter table con1 modify(a not null)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02296: cannot enable (PSD.) - null values found
SQL> delete con1 where a is null;

1 row deleted.

SQL> alter table con1 modify(a not null);

Table altered.

SQL> insert into con1 values(null,4);

insert into con1 values(null,4)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("PSD"."CON1"."A")

SQL> spool off

/
Primary Key

#######column style constraint definition

SQL> create table pk_con1(a number(4) primary key,b number(4));

Table created.

######## Table style constraint definition recommended

SQL> create table pk_con2(a number(4),b number(4),

2 constraint pk_con2 primary key(a));

Table created.

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 create table pk_con3(a number(4),b number(4),c number(4),

2* constraint pk_con2 primary key(a,c))
SQL> /
constraint pk_con2 primary key(a,c))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-02264: name already used by an existing constraint

#### composite primary key (a,c)

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 create table pk_con3(a number(4),b number(4),c number(4),

2* constraint pk_con3 primary key(a,c))
SQL> /
alter table pk_con3 add constraint pk_con3 primary key(a,c))
/

Table created.

1 4 6
1 3 8
1 7 6
null 3 2
###### null values are not accepted in primary key columns

SQL> insert into pk_con2 values(3,7);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into pk_con2 values(null,4);

insert into pk_con2 values(null,4)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("PSD"."PK_CON2"."A")

###### Duplicate values are not accepted

SQL> insert into pk_con2 values(3,9);

insert into pk_con2 values(3,9)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.PK_CON2) violated

SQL> insert into pk_con3 values(3,4,7);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into pk_con3 values(null,2,7);

insert into pk_con3 values(null,2,7)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("PSD"."PK_CON3"."A")

###### for composite primary key(a,c) uniqueness is determined by combination

SQL> insert into pk_con3 values(3,6,7);

insert into pk_con3 values(3,6,7)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.PK_CON3) violated

SQL> insert into pk_con3 values(3,5,8);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from pk_con3;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
3 4 7
3 5 8

SQL> alter table disable constraint pk_con3;

alter table disable constraint pk_con3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01735: invalid ALTER TABLE option

SQL> alter table pk_con3 disable constraint pk_con3;

Table altered.

SQL> insert into pk_con3 values(3,9,7);

1 row created.

###### primary constraint is not enabled if existing data is against the constraint
###### even if novalidate clause is used

SQL> alter table pk_con3 enable constraint pk_con3;

alter table pk_con3 enable constraint pk_con3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02437: cannot validate (PSD.PK_CON3) - primary key violated

SQL> alter table pk_con3 enable novalidate constraint pk_con3;

alter table pk_con3 enable novalidate constraint pk_con3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02437: cannot validate (PSD.PK_CON3) - primary key violated

SQL> select * from pk_con3;

A B C
--------- --------- ---------
3 4 7
3 5 8
3 9 7

SQL> delete pk_con3 where b=9;

1 row deleted.

SQL> alter table pk_con3 enable constraint pk_con3;

Table altered.

SQL> create table pk_con4(a number(2) primary key,b number(2) primary key,c number(2));
create table pk_con4(a number(2) primary key,b number(2) primary key,c number(2))
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02260: table can have only one primary key

SQL> spool off

Binary Search Tree

10 root node
5 15
11 17
/
unique key

SQL> create table uk_con1(a number,b number,constraint uk_con1 unique(a));

Table created.

SQL> insert into uk_con1 values(3,6);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con1 values(3,5);

insert into uk_con1 values(3,5)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.UK_CON1) violated

###uniqueness is determined by combination

SQL> insert into uk_con1 values(null,3);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con1 values(null,2);

1 row created.

SQL> create table uk_con2(a number(2),b number(2),constraint uk_con2 unique(a,b));

Table created.

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(2,6);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(null,6);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(null,6);

insert into uk_con2 values(null,6)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.UK_CON2) violated

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(6,null);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(6,null);

insert into uk_con2 values(6,null)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PSD.UK_CON2) violated
#### if all unique key columns are having null values then it is not inserted in index hence
##### uniqueness is not enforced

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(null,null);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(null,null);

1 row created.

SQL> alter table uk_con2 disable constraint uk_con2;

Table altered.

SQL> select * from uk_con2;

A B
--------- ---------
2 6
6
6

SQL> insert into uk_con2 values(2,6);

1 row created.

####unique constraint is not enabled if duplicate data is in table

SQL> alter table uk_con2 enable constraint uk_con2;

alter table uk_con2 enable constraint uk_con2
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02299: cannot validate (PSD.UK_CON2) - duplicate keys found

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1* alter table uk_con2 enable novalidate constraint uk_con2

SQL> /
alter table uk_con2 enable novalidate constraint uk_con2
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02299: cannot validate (PSD.UK_CON2) - duplicate keys found

SQL> delete uk_con2 where a = 2;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> alter table uk_con2 enable constraint uk_con2;

Table altered.

SQL> spool off;

###### same columns can not be unique or primary key columns

SQL> alter table uk_con1 add constraint pk_uk_con1 primary key (a);
alter table uk_con1 add constraint pk_uk_con1 primary key (a)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02261: such unique or primary key already exists in the table

SQL> alter table uk_con1 add constraint pk_uk_con1 primary key (a,b);

Table altered.
index (B tree index)

89
10 100
1 17
52

5 502 ( N+ 1) ** L * N 100
2 35 60
3*2 101 * 1 * 100 10000
3 ** 2 *2 101 ** 2 * 10
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch11

select rank() over (order by sum(amount) ) default_rank

,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(sum(amount),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select to_char(timeid,'yyyy'), channelid,to_char(sum(amount),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select rank() over ( order by sum(amount) ) default_rank
,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(sum(amount),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select rank() over ( order by trunc(sum(amount),-6) ) default_rank
,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(trunc(sum(amount),-6),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select dense_rank() over ( order by trunc(sum(amount),-6) ) default_rank
,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(trunc(sum(amount),-6),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select rank() over ( order by trunc(sum(amount),-6) ,to_char(sum(quantity),'999,999,99') desc)
default_rank ,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(trunc(sum(amount),-
6),'999,999,999,999.99'),to_char(sum(quantity),'999,999,99')
from sales
group by to_char(time,'yyyy'),channel
/
select * from
(
select rank() over ( order by trunc(sum(amount),-6) ,to_char(sum(quantity),'999,999,99') desc)
default_rank ,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(trunc(sum(amount),-
6),'999,999,999,999.99'),to_char(sum(quantity),'999,999,99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid)
where default_rank < 6
/
select rank() over ( order by sum(amount) ) default_rank,cume_dist() over ( order by sum(amount) )
default_dist,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(sum(amount),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select rank() over ( order by sum(amount) ) default_rank,percent_rank() over ( order by sum(amount) )
per_rank,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(sum(amount),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
select rank() over ( order by trunc(sum(amount),-6) ) default_rank,row_number() over ( order by
trunc(sum(amount),-6) ) rw_num,to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid,to_char(trunc(sum(amount),-
6),'999,999,999,999.99')
from sales_data
group by to_char(timeid,'yyyy'),channelid
/
SELECT timeid,quantity
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'

/
SELECT timeid,quantity,width_bucket(quantity,3,29,4) bucket_up
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
order by 3
/
SELECT timeid,quantity,
(case when quantity < 5 then 5 else quantity end) calc_quantity_sold
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
SELECT timeid,quantity,
(case when quantity between 0 and 17 then 1 else 0 end) "17",
(case when quantity between 18 and 37 then 1 else 0 end) "37"
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
SELECT
(case when quantity between 0 and 17 then '0-17'
when quantity between 18 and 37 then '18-37'
else 'HIGH' end) range,
count(*) as cnt
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
group by
(case when quantity between 0 and 17 then '0-17'
when quantity between 18 and 37 then '18-37'
else 'HIGH' end)
/
SELECT quantity,
(case when quantity between 0 and 17 then '0-17'
when quantity between 18 and 37 then '18-37'
else 'HIGH' end) range
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
select to_char(timeid,'mon'), min(amount) KEEP (DENSE_RANK last ORDER BY (timeid)) lastvalue
from sales_data
where to_char(timeid,'yyyy')='1998'
and CUSTID = 37290
group by to_char(timeid,'mon'), to_char(timeid,'mm')
order by to_char(timeid,'mm')
/
select to_char(timeid,'mon'), amount
from sales_data s
where to_char(timeid,'yyyy')='1998'
and CUSTID = 37290
and
timeid in
(select max([Link])
from sales_data s1
where to_char([Link],'yyyy')='1998'
and [Link] = 37290
and to_char([Link],'mon')=to_char([Link],'mon'))
order by to_char(timeid,'mm')
/
SELECT rank(10) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity) AS hrank,
percent_rank(10) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity) AS perc_rank,
cume_dist(10) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity) AS cume_rank
FROM SALES_data WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
SELECT TIMEID,CHANNELID,AMOUNT
FROM SALES_data WHERE CUSTID = 37290
AND TIMEID < '11-JAN-1998'
/
SELECT TIMEID,CHANNELID,AMOUNT ,
LAG(AMOUNT,1)OVER( ORDER BY TIMEID)LG1, AMOUNT/LAG(AMOUNT,1)OVER( ORDER BY
TIMEID) RATIO_LAG , LEAD(AMOUNT,1)OVER(ORDER BY TIMEID) LD1,
AMOUNT/LEAD(AMOUNT,1)OVER(ORDER BY TIMEID) RATIO_LEAD
FROM SALES_data WHERE CUSTID = 37290
AND TIMEID < '11-JAN-1998'
ORDER BY 1
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION CALC_DAYS(FDATE DATE) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
IF (TO_CHAR(FDATE,'DY') = 'MON') OR (TO_CHAR(FDATE,'DY')='TUE') THEN
RETURN(4);
ELSE
RETURN(2);
END IF;
END;
/
SELECT timeid,quantity
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
SELECT timeid,quantity ,cume_dist()over(order by quantity)
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
SELECT PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity) AS perc_disc,
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity) AS perc_cont
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/

SELECT timeid,quantity,PERCENTILE_DISC(0.5) WITHIN GROUP

(ORDER BY quantity) over()AS perc_disc,
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP
(ORDER BY quantity)over() AS perc_cont
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND timeid<'11-jan-1998'
/
select to_char(s.time_id,'mm') Month, sum(s.quantity_sold)
total_qty,sum(s.amount_sold)/sum(s.quantity_sold) avg_price
from sales s
where to_char(s.time_id,'yyyy') = '1999'
and s.prod_id =5415
and s.channel_id = 'C'
group by to_char(s.time_id,'mm')
order by 1
/
SELECT
REGR_SLOPE(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) SLOPE,
REGR_INTERCEPT(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) INTCPT,
REGR_R2(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) RSQR,
REGR_COUNT(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) COUNT,
REGR_AVGX(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) AVG_AVG_PRICE,
REGR_AVGY(s.quantity_sold, s.avg_price) AVG_QUANTITY_SOLD
FROM sale_price s
/
SELECT 95 X,-2.5330396*95+351.674009 Y
FROM DUAL
/
SELECT CHANNELID ,SUM(AMOUNT) SUM_AMT,MAX(SUM(AMOUNT)) OVER()
CALC_AMT,SUM(AMOUNT) / MAX(SUM(AMOUNT)) OVER() RATIO
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
GROUP BY CHANNELID
ORDER BY 1
/

SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
SUM(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNELID ) CALC_AMT ,
AMOUNT/SUM(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNELID ) perc
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 3,1
/

SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,
CHANNELID ,
SUM(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNEL_ID ) CALC_AMT,
RATIO_TO_REPORT(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNELID ) RAT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUST_ID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 3,1
/

SELECT * FROM SALES_data

WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,
SUM(AMOUNT) OVER(ORDER BY TIMEID ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) CUM_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
SUM(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNELID ORDER BY CHANNELID,TIMEID ROWS
UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) CUM_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 3,1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
LAST_VALUE(AMOUNT) OVER(PARTITION BY CHANNELID ORDER BY TIMEID ROWS BETWEEN
UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) LAST_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 3,1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
AVG(AMOUNT) OVER( ORDER BY TIMEID ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING ) LAST_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
AVG(AMOUNT) OVER( ORDER BY TIMEID RANGE INTERVAL '7' DAY PRECEDING ) LAST_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
AVG(AMOUNT) OVER( ORDER BY TIMEID RANGE BETWEEN '1' PRECEDING AND CURRENT
ROW) CALC_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 1
/
SELECT TIMEID,AMOUNT,CHANNELID ,
AVG(AMOUNT_SOLD) OVER( ORDER BY TIMEID RANGE BETWEEN CALC_DAYS(TIMEID)
PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) CALC_AMT
FROM SALES_data
WHERE CUSTID = 37290 AND ROWNUM<11
ORDER BY 1
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch12

ROLLUP AND CUBE

--These are analytical functions.

ROLLUP

Is an extension to the Group By clause.

--ROLLUP creates subtotals at increasing levels of aggregation, from the most detailed up to a grand total.

Transaction Processing
Financial Systems
Manufacturing Systems
Production Activities
Marketing Activities
Sales Activities

ROLLUP IS HELPFUL IN
--Creating Reports
--Improved efficiency when creating the reports for the above mentioned areas will reduce system load.
--It makes calculations easier and more efficient, thereby enhancing database performance, scalability, and
simplicity.

WHEN TO USE ROLLUP

--Use the ROLLUP extension in tasks involving subtotals.

--It is very helpful for subtotaling along a hierarchical dimension such as time or geography. For instance, a
query could specify a ROLLUP(y, m, day) or ROLLUP(country, state, city).
--For data warehouse administrators using summary tables, but not yet utilizing materialized views, ROLLUP
may simplify and speed up the maintenance of summary tables.
CUBE
--CUBE is an extension similar to ROLLUP, enabling a single statement to calculate all possible
combinations of subtotals.
--CUBE can generate the information needed in cross-tabulation reports with a single query.

HOW THESE ARE HELPFUL IN MANAGERIAL DECISIONS

--calculate period-to-period changes
--

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

--This is multi-dimensional in nature and analysis is required to be done from all the possible dimensions like
time, geography, product, department, and distribution channel, but the potential dimensions are as endless
as the varieties of enterprise activity.

MULTI DIMENSIONAL REPORTS INCLUDE

--Show total sales across all products at increasing aggregation levels for a geography dimension: from
state to country to region for 1998 and 1999.
--Create a cross-tabular analysis of our operations showing expenses by territory in North India for 1998 and
1999. Include all possible subtotals.
--List the top 10 sales representatives in India according to 1999 sales revenue for pharma products, and
rank their commissions.

All the requests above involve multiple dimensions. Many multidimensional questions require aggregated
data and comparisons of data sets, often across time, geography or budgets.

WHEN TO USE CUBE

--The examples in this chapter show ROLLUP and CUBE used with the SUM() function. While this is the
most common type of aggregation, these extensions can also be used with all other functions available to
the GROUP BY clause, for example, COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX, STDDEV, and VARIANCE. COUNT, which
is often needed in cross-tabular analyses, is likely to be the second most helpful function.

ROLLUP EXAMPLES

SQL> SELECT TIME, REGION, DEPT, SUM(PROFIT) AS PROFIT FROM SALES

GROUP BY TIME, REGION, DEPT;

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

------ --------------- -------------------- ----------
1996 central pen_sales 75000
1996 central book_sales 74000
1996 east pen_sales 89000
1996 east book_sales 115000
1996 west pen_sales 87000
1996 west book_sales 86000
1997 central pen_sales 82000
1997 central book_sales 85000
1997 east pen_sales 101000
1997 east book_sales 137000
1997 west pen_sales 96000
1997 west book_sales 97000

12 rows selected
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL> SELECT Time, Region, Dept,

SUM(Profit) AS Profit FROM sales
GROUP BY ROLLUP(Time,region,dept);

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

---------- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1996 central pen_sales 75000
1996 central book_sales 74000
1996 central 149000
1996 east pen_sales 89000
1996 east book_sales 115000
1996 east 204000
1996 west pen_sales 87000
1996 west book_sales 86000
1996 west 173000
1996 526000

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

---------- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1997 central pen_sales 82000
1997 central book_sales 85000
1997 central 167000
1997 east pen_sales 101000
1997 east book_sales 137000
1997 east 238000
1997 west pen_sales 96000
1997 west book_sales 97000
1997 west 193000
1997 598000
1124000

21 rows selected
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMPARISION

--Regular aggregation rows that would be produced by GROUP BY without using ROLLUP
--First-level subtotals aggregating across Department for each combination of Time and Region
--Second-level subtotals aggregating across Region and Department for each Time value
--A grand total row

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARTIAL ROLLUP EXAMPLE

SQL> SELECT Time, Region, Dept,

SUM(Profit) AS Profit FROM sales
GROUP BY Time, ROLLUP(Region, Dept);

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

----- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1996 central pen_sales 75000
1996 central book_sales 74000
1996 central 149000
1996 east pen_sales 89000
1996 east book_sales 115000
1996 east 204000
1996 west pen_sales 87000
1996 west book_sales 86000
1996 west 173000
1996 526000
1997 central pen_sales 82000

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

----- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1997 central book_sales 85000
1997 central 167000
1997 east pen_sales 101000
1997 east book_sales 137000
1997 east 238000
1997 west pen_sales 96000
1997 west book_sales 97000
1997 west 193000
1997 598000

20 rows selected
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPARISION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUBE EXAMPLES

SQL>SELECT Time,nvl(region,0) Region, Dept,

SUM(Profit) AS Profit FROM sales
GROUP BY CUBE(Time, Region, Dept);

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

---- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1996 central pen_sales 75000
1996 central book_sales 74000
1996 central 149000
1996 east pen_sales 89000
1996 east book_sales 115000
1996 east 204000
1996 west pen_sales 87000
1996 west book_sales 86000
1996 west 173000
1996 0 pen_sales 251000
1996 0 book_sales 275000
1996 0 526000
1997 central pen_sales 82000
1997 central book_sales 85000
1997 central 167000
1997 east pen_sales 101000
1997 east book_sales 137000
1997 east 238000
1997 west pen_sales 96000
1997 west book_sales 97000
1997 west 193000
1997 0 pen_sales 279000
1997 0 book_sales 319000
1997 0 598000
central pen_sales 157000
central book_sales 159000
central 316000
east pen_sales 190000
east book_sales 252000
east 442000
west pen_sales 183000
west book_sales 183000
west 366000
0 pen_sales 530000
0 book_sales 594000
0 1124000

36 rows selected

PARTIAL CUBE EXAMPLE

SQL>SELECT Time, Region, Dept,

SUM(Profit) AS Profit FROM sales
GROUP BY Time CUBE(Region, Dept);

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

----- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1996 526000
1997 central pen_sales 82000
1997 central book_sales 85000
1997 central 167000
1997 east pen_sales 101000
1997 east book_sales 137000
1997 east 238000
1997 west pen_sales 96000
1997 west book_sales 97000
1997 west 193000
1997 pen_sales 279000

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT

----- --------------- -------------------- ----------
1997 book_sales 319000
1997 598000
24 rows selected

SQL> SELECT Time, Region, Dept, SUM(Profit) AS Profit,

GROUPING (Time) as T,
GROUPING (Region) as R,
GROUPING (Dept) as D
FROM Sales
GROUP BY ROLLUP (Time, Region, Dept);

OUTPUT

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT T R D

----- --------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1996 central pen_sales 75000 0 0 0
1996 central book_sales 74000 0 0 0
1996 central 149000 0 0 1
1996 east pen_sales 89000 0 0 0
1996 east book_sales 115000 0 0 0
1996 east 204000 0 0 1
1996 west pen_sales 87000 0 0 0
1996 west book_sales 86000 0 0 0
1996 west 173000 0 0 1
1996 526000 0 1 1
1997 central pen_sales 82000 0 0 0

TIME REGION DEPT PROFIT T R D

----- --------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1997 central book_sales 85000 0 0 0
1997 central 167000 0 0 1
1997 east pen_sales 101000 0 0 0
1997 east book_sales 137000 0 0 0
1997 east 238000 0 0 1
1997 west pen_sales 96000 0 0 0
1997 west book_sales 97000 0 0 0
1997 west 193000 0 0 1
1997 598000 0 1 1
1124000 1 1 1

21 rows selected
/
create table sales(time number(4),region varchar2(15),
dept varchar2(20),profit number(10,2))
/
insert into sales values(1996,'central','pen_sales',75000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1996,'central','book_sales',74000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1996,'east','pen_sales',89000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1996,'east','book_sales',115000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1996,'west','pen_sales',87000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1996,'west','book_sales',86000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'central','pen_sales',82000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'central','book_sales',85000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'east','pen_sales',101000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'east','book_sales',137000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'west','pen_sales',96000.00)
/
insert into sales values(1997,'west','book_sales',97000.00)
/
==================================================================================
=========

SQL\Ch13

select [Link],[Link],[Link]
from employee e , emp_company c
where [Link]=[Link]
/
select [Link],city,salary
from employee e natural join emp_company c
/
select [Link],[Link],[Link]
from employee e , emp_company c
/
select [Link],city,salary
from employee e cross join emp_company c
/
select [Link], [Link],[Link]
from manager m , emp_company c
where [Link]=[Link]
/
select ename,mname,salary
from manager join emp_company using(ename)
where salary < 3000
/
select [Link], [Link],[Link]
from manager m , emp_company c
where [Link]=[Link] and salary > 3000
/
select [Link], [Link],[Link]
from manager m join emp_company c
on ( [Link]=[Link] and salary > 3000)
/
SELECT ENAME,MNAME,SHIFT
FROM MANAGER NATURAL JOIN EMP_SHIFT
/
SELECT [Link],MNAME,SHIFT
FROM MANAGER M LEFT OUTER JOIN EMP_SHIFT S
ON ([Link] = [Link])
/
SELECT [Link],MNAME,SHIFT
FROM MANAGER M RIGHT OUTER JOIN EMP_SHIFT S
ON ([Link] = [Link])
/
SELECT [Link],MNAME,SHIFT
FROM MANAGER M FULL OUTER JOIN EMP_SHIFT S
ON ([Link] = [Link])
/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch14

SELECT ENAME,SALARY,CNAME,(SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMP_COMPANY R WHERE

[Link]=[Link]) MAX_SALARY
FROM EMP_COMPANY S
/
SELECT ENAME,SALARY,CNAME,(SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMP_COMPANY R WHERE
[Link]=[Link]) MAX_SALARY
FROM EMP_COMPANY S
WHERE SALARY = (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMP_COMPANY R WHERE [Link]=[Link])

/
SELECT ENAME,SALARY,CNAME,(SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMP_COMPANY R WHERE
[Link]=[Link]) MAX_SALARY
FROM EMP_COMPANY S
ORDER BY (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMP_COMPANY R WHERE [Link]=[Link])
/

SQL> @SCALE1

ENAME SALARY CNAME MAX_SALARY

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
ANIL 1500 ACC 8000
SHANKAR 2000 TATA 5000
JAYA 1800 CMC 1800
SUNIL 1700 CMC 1800
VIJAY 5000 TATA 5000
PRAKASH 3000 TATA 5000
AJAY 8000 ACC 8000

7 rows selected.

SQL> EDIT SCALE1

SQL> EDIT SCALE2

SQL> @SCALE2

ENAME SALARY CNAME MAX_SALARY

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
JAYA 1800 CMC 1800
VIJAY 5000 TATA 5000
AJAY 8000 ACC 8000

SQL> EDIT SCALE2

SQL> @SCALE3

ENAME SALARY CNAME MAX_SALARY

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
JAYA 1800 CMC 1800
SUNIL 1700 CMC 1800
SHANKAR 2000 TATA 5000
PRAKASH 3000 TATA 5000
VIJAY 5000 TATA 5000
ANIL 1500 ACC 8000
AJAY 8000 ACC 8000

7 rows selected.

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch15

SELECT ENAME,(CASE SHIFT

WHEN 'A' THEN 'A_SHIFT'
WHEN 'B' THEN 'B_SHIFT'
WHEN 'C' THEN 'C_SHIFT'
ELSE 'ANY_SHIFT'
END ) AS SHIFT_NAME
FROM EMP_SHIFT
/
SELECT ENAME,(CASE
WHEN SHIFT < 'C' THEN 'MORNING_SHIFT'
WHEN SHIFT < 'D' THEN 'EVENING_SHIFT'
ELSE 'EVENING_SHIFT'
END ) AS SHIFT_NAME
FROM EMP_SHIFT
/
SELECT ENAME,NULLIF(SHIFT,'D') FROM EMP_SHIFT
/
SELECT C,COALESCE(A,B,0) RESULT
FROM TEST1
/
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP_SHIFT;

ENAME SHI
------------------------------ ---
ANIL A
SHANKAR B
C
D

SQL> @CASE1

ENAME SHIFT_NAM
------------------------------ ---------
ANIL A_SHIFT
SHANKAR B_SHIFT
C_SHIFT
ANY_SHIFT

SQL> EDIT CASE1

SQL> @CASE2

ENAME SHIFT_NAME
------------------------------ -------------
ANIL MORNING SHIFT
SHANKAR MORNING SHIFT
EVENING_SHIFT
NIGHT_SHIFT

SQL> EDIT CASE2

SQL> @CASE2

ENAME SHI
------------------------------ ---
ANIL A
SHANKAR B
C
D

SQL> EDIT CASE2

SQL> EDIT CASE1

SQL> EDIT CASE2

SQL> @CASE3

ENAME NUL
------------------------------ ---
ANIL A
SHANKAR B
C

SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST(A NUMBER,B NUMBER,C NUMBER);

CREATE TABLE TEST(A NUMBER,B NUMBER,C NUMBER)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object

SQL> EDIT
Wrote file [Link]

1* CREATE TABLE TEST1(A NUMBER,B NUMBER,C NUMBER)

SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(&A,&B,&C);

Enter value for a: 10
Enter value for b: NULL
Enter value for c: 30
old 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(&A,&B,&C)
new 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(10,NULL,30)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for a: NULL
Enter value for b: 21
Enter value for c: 31
old 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(&A,&B,&C)
new 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(NULL,21,31)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for a: 12
Enter value for b: 22
Enter value for c: 32
old 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(&A,&B,&C)
new 1: INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(12,22,32)

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM TEST1;

A B C
---------- ---------- ----------
10 30
21 31
12 22 32

SQL> EDIT CASE4

SQL> @CASE4

C RESULT
---------- ----------
30 10
31 21
32 12

SQL> EDIT CASE4

SQL> INSERT INTO TEST1 VALUES(NULL,NULL,33);

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> @CASE4

C RESULT
---------- ----------
30 10
31 21
32 12
33 0

SQL> SPOOL OFF

/=================================================================================

SQL\Ch16

insert all
when cname='ACC' then
into emp_acc values(ename,salary,jdate)
when cname='TATA' then
into emp_tata values (ename,salary,jdate)
when cname='CMC' and ename in (select ename from emp_shift where shift='A') then
into emp_cmc values (ename,salary,jdate)
select ename,cname,salary,jdate
from emp_company
/
insert all
when cname='ACC' then
into emp_acc values(ename,salary,jdate)
when cname='TATA' then
into emp_tata values (ename,salary,jdate)
when cname='CMC' and ename in (select ename from emp_shift where shift='A') then
into emp_cmc values (ename,salary,jdate)
select ename,cname,salary,jdate
from emp_company
/
create table emp_cmp_shift(ename varchar2(30),
cname varchar2(30),
shift char(3))
/
insert first
when cname='ACC' then
into emp_cmc values(ename,salary,jdate)
when ename='TATA' then
into emp_cmc values(ename,salary,jdate)
else
into emp_all values(ename,salary,jdate)
select ename,cname,salary,jdate
from emp_company
/
insert all
into emp_cmp_shift values(ename,cname,shift)
into emp_cmp_mgr values(ename,cname,mname)
select [Link],cname,mname,shift
from emp_company e ,manager,emp_shift
where [Link]=[Link]
and [Link] = emp_shift.ename
/
insert all
into emp_cmp_mgr values (ename,cname,'ASHOK')
into emp_cmp_mgr values (ename,cname,'ASHWIN')
select ename,cname
from emp_cmp_shift
/
merge into emp_all a
using emp_company b
on([Link]=[Link])
when matched then
update set [Link] = [Link]+100
when not matched then
insert (ename,salary,jdate)
values(ename,salary,jdate)
/
create table emp_acc as select ename,salary,jdate from emp_company
2 where rownum < 1;

Table created.

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 create table emp_tata as select ename,salary,jdate from emp_company

2* where rownum < 1
SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> edit
Wrote file [Link]

1 create table emp_cmc as select ename,salary,jdate from emp_company

2* where rownum < 1
SQL> /

Table created.

SQL> create table emp_cmp_shift (ename varchar2(10),cname varchar2(10),shift varchar2(2));

Table created.
SQL> create table emp_cmp_mgr(ename varchar2(10),cname varchar2(10),mname varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> desc emp_cmp_shift

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
CNAME VARCHAR2(10)
SHIFT VARCHAR2(2)

SQL> desc emp_cmp_mgr

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
CNAME VARCHAR2(10)
MNAME VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> @insert_all
select ename,cname,mname,shift
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00904: invalid column name

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> @insert_all
select ename,cname,mname,shift
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00918: column ambiguously defined

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> @insert_all
and emp_company.ename = emp_shift.ename
*
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-00904: invalid column name

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> @insert_all
into emp_cmp_mgr values([Link],cname,shift)
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00904: invalid column name

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> @insert_all
into emp_cmp_shift values(ename,cname,shift)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01401: inserted value too large for column
SQL> desc emp_shift
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(30)
SHIFT CHAR(3)

SQL> select * from emp_shift;

ENAME SHI
------------------------------ ---
ANIL A
SHANKAR B
C
D

SQL> drop table emp_cmp_shift

2 ;

Table dropped.

SQL> edit crtab_emp_sh

SQL> @crtab_emp_sh

Table created.

SQL> @insert_all

4 rows created.

SQL> select * from emp_cmp_shift;

ENAME CNAME SHI

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
ANIL ACC A
SHANKAR TATA B

SQL> select * from emp_cmp_mgr;

ENAME CNAME MNAME

---------- ---------- ----------
ANIL ACC A
SHANKAR TATA B

SQL> edit insert_all

SQL> delete emp_cmp_mgr;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> delete emp_cmp_shift;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> @insert_all

4 rows created.
SQL> select * from emp_cmp_mgr;

ENAME CNAME MNAME

---------- ---------- ----------
ANIL ACC AJAY
SHANKAR TATA VIJAY

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> delete emp_cmp_mgr;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> edit insert_pivot

SQL> @insert_pivot

4 rows created.

SQL> select * from emp_cmp_shift;

ENAME CNAME SHI

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
ANIL ACC A
SHANKAR TATA B

SQL> select * from emp_cmp_mgr;

ENAME CNAME MNAME

---------- ---------- ----------
ANIL ACC ASHOK
SHANKAR TATA ASHOK
ANIL ACC ASHWIN
SHANKAR TATA ASHWIN

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> edit cond_insert

SQL> @cond_insert
into emp_cmp_acc values(ename,salary,jdate)
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00905: missing keyword

SQL> edit cond_insert

SQL> @cond_insert
into emp_cmp_acc values(ename,salary,jdate)
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00905: missing keyword
SQL> edit cond_insert

SQL> @cond_insert
when cname='CMC' and ename in (select ename from emp_shift where shift='A') then
*
ERROR at line 6:
ORA-00904: invalid column name

SQL> edit cond_insert

SQL> @cond_insert
into emp_cmp_cmc values (ename,salary,jdate)
*
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
ADD_FORMULA_STR TABLE
ADD_FORMULA_STR_ORDER TABLE
ADD_FORMULA_STR_PARTITION TABLE
BONUS TABLE
CHILD TABLE
COMPANY TABLE
DEPT TABLE
DIM0 TABLE
DIM1 TABLE
DIM2 TABLE
DIM3 TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
DIMOBJ TABLE
DIMSPECDETAIL TABLE
DIMSPECS TABLE
DRIVER_FORMULA TABLE
EMP TABLE
EMPLOYEE TABLE
EMP_ACC TABLE
EMP_CMC TABLE
EMP_CMP_MGR TABLE
EMP_CMP_SHIFT TABLE
EMP_COMPANY TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMP_SHIFT TABLE
EMP_TATA TABLE
FACT TABLE
MANAGER TABLE
NEWTIMEFRM TABLE
PARENT TABLE
PK_CON1 TABLE
PK_CON2 TABLE
PK_VIEW VIEW
SALGRADE TABLE
TEMP TABLE

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
TEMPDATE TABLE
TEST TABLE
TEST1 TABLE
TIMEFRAME TABLE
TIMEFRAMEDETAIL TABLE
TIMEINPUT TABLE
TIMEINPUTDETAIL TABLE

40 rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> edit cond_insert

SQL> @cond_insert

5 rows created.

SQL> select emp_acc;

select emp_acc
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select * from emp_acc;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
ANIL 1500 01-MAY-89
AJAY 8000 30-APR-95

SQL> select * from emp_tata;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
SHANKAR 2000 10-JUL-90
VIJAY 5000 03-JAN-88
PRAKASH 3000 27-MAY-89

SQL> create table emp_all as select ename,salary,jdate from emp_company;

Table created.

SQL> delete emp_all;

7 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> edit insert_first

SQL> @insert_first

7 rows created.
SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from emp_all;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
SHANKAR 2000 10-JUL-90
JAYA 1800 07-JUN-91
SUNIL 1700 01-JAN-88
VIJAY 5000 03-JAN-88
PRAKASH 3000 27-MAY-89

SQL> select distinct from emp_acc;

select distinct from emp_acc
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select distinct * from emp_acc;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
AJAY 8000 30-APR-95
ANIL 1500 01-MAY-89

SQL> select distinct * from emp_tata;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
PRAKASH 3000 27-MAY-89
SHANKAR 2000 10-JUL-90
VIJAY 5000 03-JAN-88

SQL> select * from emp_company;

ENAME CNAME SALARY

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
JDATE
---------
ANIL ACC 1500
01-MAY-89

SHANKAR TATA 2000

10-JUL-90

JAYA CMC 1800

07-JUN-91

ENAME CNAME SALARY

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
JDATE
---------
SUNIL CMC 1700
01-JAN-88

VIJAY TATA 5000

03-JAN-88
PRAKASH TATA 3000
27-MAY-89

ENAME CNAME SALARY

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
JDATE
---------
AJAY ACC 8000
30-APR-95

7 rows selected.

SQL> flagger OFF

select * from emp_all;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
SHANKAR 2000 10-JUL-90
JAYA 1800 07-JUN-91
SUNIL 1700 01-JAN-88
VIJAY 5000 03-JAN-88
PRAKASH 3000 27-MAY-89

SQL> edit merge

SQL> @merge

7 rows merged.

SQL> select * from emp_all;

ENAME SALARY JDATE

------------------------------ ---------- ---------
AJAY 8000 30-APR-95
ANIL 1500 01-MAY-89
SHANKAR 2100 10-JUL-90
JAYA 1900 07-JUN-91
SUNIL 1800 01-JAN-88
VIJAY 5100 03-JAN-88
PRAKASH 3100 27-MAY-89

7 rows selected.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> spool off

/=================================================================================

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