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Leibnitz'S Theorem of NTH Derivative of The Product of Two Function

Here are the steps to find the nth derivative of a function y at x=0: 1. Express the given function y in terms of x. 2. Take the first derivative y1 and simplify. 3. Take the second derivative y2 and simplify. 4. Take the nth derivative yn using Leibniz's formula. 5. Put x=0 in the expressions for y, y1, y2,...yn and simplify. 6. The resulting expression for yn(0) gives the nth derivative of y at x=0. The key steps are applying Leibniz's formula to take the nth derivative and then substituting x=0 to find the value of the

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5K views17 pages

Leibnitz'S Theorem of NTH Derivative of The Product of Two Function

Here are the steps to find the nth derivative of a function y at x=0: 1. Express the given function y in terms of x. 2. Take the first derivative y1 and simplify. 3. Take the second derivative y2 and simplify. 4. Take the nth derivative yn using Leibniz's formula. 5. Put x=0 in the expressions for y, y1, y2,...yn and simplify. 6. The resulting expression for yn(0) gives the nth derivative of y at x=0. The key steps are applying Leibniz's formula to take the nth derivative and then substituting x=0 to find the value of the

Uploaded by

parvezalamkhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEIBNITZ’S THEOREM OF NTH DERIVATIVE

OF THE PRODUCT OF TWO FUNCTION

Statement: Let u and v are two function of x differential n


times then the nth derivative of their product is
(uv)n  un v  n c1un1v1  nc2un2v2  ......  ncrunr vr  ...uvn
Let y=uv
By actual differentiation, we have
y1  u1v  uv1
y2  u2v  u1v1  u1v1  uv2  u2v  2u1v1  uv2  u2v  2c1u1v1  uv2
y3  u3v  3u2v1  3u1v2  uv3
 u3v  3c1u2v1  3c2u1v2  uv3
The theorem is seem to be true for n=2,3
Let us assume that the theorem is true for n=m so that
ym  umv  mc1um1v1  mc2um1v2  .........  m cr umr vr  ...  uvm
Differentiating this we have
ym1  um1v  umv  mc1umv1  mc1um1v2  mc2um1v2  mc2um2v3  ...  mcr umr vr  mcr umr vr 1
 um1v  (1  m c1 )umv1  ( mc1  mc2 )um1v2  ......
( mcr 1  m cr )umr 1vr  ......  uvm1
 um1v  m1c1umv1  m1c2um 1v2  ......  m1cr umr 1vn  ....  uvm1
The theorem is to seem to be true for n=m+1
Hence, by the method of mathematical induction we
conclude that the theorem is true for any positive integral
value of n.
It states that if u and v be any two function of x,

D n (uv)  ( D nu )v  n c1 ( D n 1u ) Dv  nc2 ( D n 2u ) D 2v  .....  n cnuD nv


Ex. If y=x3eax, find yn
Let, u=eax and v=x3
Dnu=aneax Dv=3x2
Dn-1u=an-1eax D2v=6x
Dn-2u=an-2eax D3v=6
Now by Leibnitz’s Theorem we have
D n ( x3eax )  D n (e ax ) x3  n c1D n1 (eax ).Dx3  n c2 D n 2 (e ax ).D 2 x3  n c3 D n 3 (e ax ).D 3 x 3
n 1 ax n(n  1) n  2 ax n(n  1)(n  2) n3 ax
 a e x  na e .3x 
n ax 3 2
a e .6 x  a e .6
2 6
 eax  a n x3  3na n1 x 2  3n(n  1)a n 2 x  n(n  1)(n  2)a n 3
tan 1 x
Ex. If y  e show that
(1+x2)y2+(2x-1)y1=0
and (1+x2)yn+2+(2nx+2x-1)yn+1+n(n+1)yn=0

tan 1 x
Soln. Let ye
Diff. w. r. t. x
d
tan 1 x 1
y1  e tan x
dx
tan 1 x 1
y1  e .
1  x2
tan 1 x
 (1  x ) y1  e 2

 (1  x ) y1  y 2
Diff. again w. r. to ‘x’
(1  x 2 ) y2  2 xy1  y1
 (1  x 2 ) y2  (2 x  1) y1  0.................(1)
Which proves the first result
Now, Diff. (1) n times, by Leibnitz’s theorem, we have

D n {(1  x 2 ) y2 }  D n {(2 x  1) y1}  0


{ yn  2 (1  x 2 )  n c1 yn 1.D(1  x 2 )  nc2 yn D 2 (1  x 2 )}  { yn 1 (2 x  1)  yn nc1D (2 x  1)}  0
n(n  1)
(1  x ) yn  2  nyn 1 2 x 
2
yn .2  yn 1 (2 x  1)  nyn .2  0
2
(1  x 2 ) yn  2  (2nx  2 x  1) yn1  (n 2  n) yn  0
 (1  x 2 ) yn 2  (2nx  2 x  1) yn1  n(n  1) yn  0
Value of the nth derivative of a function for x=0

Step 1. Equate the given function to y


Step 2. Find y1
Step 3. Again find y2
Step 4. Differentiate both sides n times by Leibnitz’s theorem.
Step 5. Put x=0 in equations of step(1),(2),(3) and (4)
Step 6. On putting x=0 two cases arises (i) when n=odd (ii) when
n=even integer
1
Ex. If y  (sin x) 2
prove that yn(0)=0 for a odd

yn(0)=2.22.42.62………..(n-2)2 , n≠2 for n even


Ex. If y  (sin 1 x)2 prove that yn(0)=0 for a odd

yn(0)=2.22.42.62………..(n-2)2 , n≠2 for n even

1
Soln. y  (sin x) ......................(1)
2

Diff. (1) w. r. t. x
2 sin 1 x
y1 
1  x2

 1  x2  y1  2 sin 1 x

(1  x 2 ) y12  4 y..............(2)
Diff. (2) again w. r. to x

(1  x 2 )2 y1 y2  2 xy12  4 y1
 (1  x 2 ) y2  xy1  2
 (1  x 2 ) y2  xy1  2  0.............(3)
Diff. (3) n times by Leibnitz’s theorem

D n {(1  x 2 ) y2 }  D n {( xy1 )  1}  0
 { yn  2 (1  x 2 )  n c1 yn 1 .D(1  x 2 )  nc2 yn D 2 (1  x 2 )}  { yn 1 ( x)  yn n c1 D( x)}  0
n(n  1)
 (1  x ) yn  2  nyn 1 2 x 
2
yn .2  yn 1 ( x)  nyn .  0
2
 (1  x 2 ) yn  2  x(1  2n) yn 1  n 2 yn  0
 x  1  x  find y  (0)
m
y  2
n
Ex 3. If
 m  x  1 x 
m 1
d 
y1 x( 2
1  x2 
dx  
Sol.
 1 m 1 
1

 m x  ( 1 x  2
1  (1  x 2
) 2
.2 x 
   2 
x
 m[ x  1  x 2 ]m 1[1  ]
x 1
2

[x  x 2  1]m 1[ x  x 2  1]
 m
x2  1
[x  x 2  1]m
 m
x2  1
x2  1 y1  my
on squaring both sides
(1+x 2 ) y 21  m 2 y 2 ..............(2)
Diff . (2) w. r. to x
(1+x 2 ) 2y1 y2  y 21 .2 x  2 m 2 yy1
 (1+x 2 ) y2  xy1  m 2 y
 (1+x 2 ) y2  xy1  m 2 y  0..............(3)
Again diff. (3) n times by Leibnitz’s theorem, we have

 1 x  y 2
n2 
 n c1 yn 1 2  n c2 y n .2   xy n 1  n c1 y n .1  m 2 y n  0
n(n  1)
 1  x 2  yn 2  2nxyn1  2
yn .2  xyn 1  nyn  m 2 y n  0

 1 x  y
2
n2   2n  1 xyn   n 2  m 2  y n  0................(4)
y (0)  1, y1 (0)  m 2 , y1 (0)  m,
y n  2 (0)  ( m 2  n 2 ) yn (0)...............(5)
When n is odd, Putting n=1,3,5,.......... in (5)
y 3 (0)  ( m 2  12 ) y1 (0)  ( m 2  12 ) m
y 5 (0)  ( m 2  32 ) y3 (0)  m( m 2  12 )( m 2  32 )
.
.
.
y n (0)  {m 2  ( n  2) 2 }.........( m 2  32 )( m 2  12 ) m
When n is even, putting n=2,4,6.......... in (5)
y 4 (0)  {m 2  22 }y 2 (0)  m2 ( m 2  22 ) m
y6 (0)  ( m 2  42 ) y4 (0)  (m 2  42 )( m 2  22 ) m2
.
.
yn (0)  (m 2  (n  2) 2 }...........( m 2  42 )( m 2  22 ) m2
Assignment-I
4.

5.

6.

7.

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