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ISBN 978-5-9533-2173-0

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B6K 63.3(0)

ISBN 978-5-9533-2173-0

Christopher Dunn.

The Giza Power Plant. Technologies of Antient Egypt

© Christopher Dunn, 2004

© EBl'YureHKoB fO.C., nepeBOA aa PYCCKI1H xssrx, 2008

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10

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11

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12

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13

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14

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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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21

Kpacrorpep AafHl

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22

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23

KpI1CTO!pep AaHH

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24

PYIDT rax; «KaK nbI MQ)Ke:re T!Jt!60naTb OT Hac, 'IT06bI MbI paCCMarpeAH HH)'IOTO'iKy 3peHHJI, eCAH nbI He cnocotiasr AoronopHThC5I Me)I<AY co60i1?» Tloxa He 6YAeT nOAyqeH 0TBeT aa nonpoc 06 HCTHHHOM na- 3Ha<JeHHU nupaMHA VI noxa OH He 6YAeT BceMH npHH51T, COrAaCQnaHHO nLlpa6oTaHHoe MHeHIle ernnTOAOI'OB 6YAeT rrpeo6AaAaTh Ha cTpaHt-UpX 3HljUKAOneAHH H yqe6HHKoB, a CAeAonaTeAbHO, U B oopasoBaTeAhHOM rrpoijecce rrOTOMKOB. B KOHe'1HOM csere HaXOAKa rpOMaAHOro CTPDeHHJI, a B HeM nycToro "II:Jl1Ka, noxoxcero na capKcxpar, He MOrAa Ha nepBhlt1 B3rMIA He naaecm aa MLlCAb, 'lTO 3TO rpo6Hl1ya.

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25

KpMCTO<pep AaHH

PMC. 1. II«paMMAa Xeonca

1. IIoA3eMHaH KaMepa. 2. CI1ycKaJO~PlJ1C.R. BHl'I3 KOpMAOp.

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11. IO)l{Hble uraxrsi, 12. Tlorpetiaxsaaa KaMepa <papaoHa.

13. TIepeAH.lI.R.. 14. Cesepasre urax-n«, 15. BOAbwaH raaepex

HOM n JIlI!WKe MeprnOM psnjape B KOAh':l.yre l1 npw Meqe); 11 B03Hl1KalOT COMHemUI, AeMCTBWTeAbHO AW reso qapH 6bIAO nOAO>KeHO B capKcxpar (.nIIp1K) BeAl1KOH ITl1paMJ1AhI» (KOMMeHTaPWM B cxooxax B TeKCTe y f1AKl1HCOHa rrpI1H3.Me)[(I1T CMHTY) 8.

Hecsiorps Ha COMHeHWl, sapoaemrste CMMTOM J.1. APyrl1MI1, ernrrTOAOraM ¥AaAOCb aa 3TH rOAM ony6AJ.1.l<onaTh OK01l.0 20 000 pa60T B nOMep)KKY CBOHX reopnfi. Hl1KTO He CYMe.A onpoBeprH}'Th HX npeAnOAQ)I<eHVH1 Vi 3aCTam1Th YCOMBJ:.tTbCJI B I1pe,MaraeMoii WMI1 XPOHOAOrl1H ApeBHeernnerCKl1X Al1HaCTHH. 0 )I<H3Hl1 q>apaoHoB l1 qapl1lJ, npanWBIIIl1X CTPaHOH, nanucaao MHOro MOHorpaq>HH, n03TOMY He

26

OHM 6YAyT ~BMITbC~ 06'beKTOM paCCMOTPem1~ B AaHHOH KHHre. Mena HHTepeCYeT TO, KaK gapb, TIO MX MHeHMKJ, PYKOBOAHA B03neAeHHeM C06crneHHOM H!.1.paMHAbl.

no CAOBaM ern.TITOAOrOB, X ytPY npI1cTyIIWI. K crpOI1TeAhCTBY CBOeM YCbmaAbHUIJbI C TaKI1M paO!eTOM, '-!T06b! K MOMeHTY ero KOH'IV1H!:.I OHa 6bIAa roroaa. Flpn BbI6?pe tPOpMbI rmpaMHAbl OH, HaBepHO, coBeTOBaAC5I C 30A'1l1Mfi H cTPoT1TeMIMH, crpelvUlcb Y3HaTb npeAeAhI n03MO)[<Horo. T aroxe OH, seporrrao, T1HTepeC013aAC5I y HHX, CKOAbKO BpeMeHH 3ai1Mer ee cTPOt1TeAbCTBO H BO CKOAbKO OHO o60i1AeT~. Do ogeHKaM COBpeMeHHbIX KaMeHOTeC013, A06bl'Ia 13 Kapbepe VI A!XTaBKa xa MeCTO KaMH}l 3aIUIAa. 6b! A:l)Ke npM HcrrOAb30BaHHT1 COBpeMeHH0i1 TeXHl'lIUi He MeHee ABaAgaTVI CeMVI. AeT9. HHTepeCHO, CKOAbKO xa TO xce AOA:>I<HO 6blAO yt1TH BpeMeHH ypa60TIIJ1I<oB Xy<py, npHMeHRBWl1X He3aMbIC1\.OBaTble, npt1MHTH13HbIe MeTOAb!?

B crapble BpeMeHa MoryIljecTBeHHble BO)J:<AVI. B03A13VlraAH P<1.411 cofcrnenaoro TIljecAaBt15I rpoMaAHble naM5ITHt1KVI. Hanpuaep, TWK-MaxaA B V1HAHVI - CBHAeTCAbCTBO BAaCTVI gap5I. MOroAbCKvH1 lPpb Wax M<axaH npaxaaaa nOCTpoVlTh IlOCAe cMepn1 C130ew cynpyra, B 1631 rOAy,MaMTaJ-MaxaA. XOT5l: caM MaB30Aei1. yCV1AH5l:MH 20 000 pa6OTHl1KOB 6bIA B03ABMI'HyT sa ABa roaa, na crpoHTeAbCTBO scero KOMllAeKca IIOHaAo6W1.oCb uexsrx ABaALJaTb ceMb AeT, H 060- IllAOCb OHO B COPOI( MHAAHOHOB pynt1H. CAeAOBaTeAbHO, HeT OCH013aHI1?! yTBep)I<AaTb, 6YATO B ApeBHOCTVIIppb He Mor cobpan, CPeACTB, Heo6xOAt1Mb1XAAJ! HCnOAHeHH5I ero 3rOHCTI1QHbIX )KeA.aIIHH n OTHOWeHY1J13arpo6HoH )KH3HVI, CKOAb 6b1 a6cypAHbI~l1 OHM. HaM, conpeMeHHbIM rrpar .'>1<lTHKaM, HI1 Ka3aAV1Cb.

BnpOqeM, p5IA TeXHl1qeCKHX xapaKTepM.CTI1K llVl.paMViA CBl1AeTeAbCTBYeT 0 TOM, 'lTO 3TO He xpaM, He YCbWaAbHM.ya Vi He Ma.630AeH. V136b1TOl< KaMemIOMI<AaAKM. B ::rrt1X C1'pOeHHnX - BOT OAM.H 1/13 secKI/IX apryscerrroe He B nOAb3Y TeOpl1H yCbm~bHHgbI. OAHaI<O eute 60Aee BeCOMblM AOBOAOM rrpo111B AaHHOM rurroress; }lBMleTC.Sl OTCyrCTBl1e, K rrpM.CI{op6t1IO erurrroxoron, Y HHX MaTepvlaAbHb1X AOKa3aTeJ\.bCTB - TeA rrOI<m1Ht1KOB! V13Aal3Ha 6brryeT B033peHVle, 6YATO B

27

Kpxcrorpep AaHH

enmeTCKI1X IIl1pa,\II.I1A3X HaxOA>ITC51 MYMMI1 11 6YATO OHI1 AeUCTBI1- TeAbHO 6b1AY! HaI1AeHhl1311YTPW Ht:1X. Hy, rax 3'1'0 nerrpanaa. nOAo6- Hhle npeACT3RAC'HI1Jl POAl1A}1Cb nOCAe UpOCMOTpOB HeTOqHbIX AOKYMeHTJAbHbIX q>I1AbM013, TeCHO CB5I3YiOliJI1X ITHpaMI1AbI C AOAHHOH uapeji, fAt:! HeT m:lpaMJ.1A, HO rAe H BIIp5IMb 6bIAH o6napy)1<CHbI MyMl1l1. Ha GtMOM »ce AeAe r 113CKoe I1AaTO H AOAHIm LJ<lpei1 - ::lTO ABa cosepzueano pa3HbIX MecT3, KOTopble pa3AeMllOT COTIII1 MT1.Ab nycTbIHI1. CeH'I3c 're, KTO 111ITepecyeTCJl III1PaMHA;!Ml1, H<i'r11I!31OT IIOHI1- ,WHb, 1.J:TO B AeHcTBHTeAbHOCTJ1 HV! B OAHOii M3 OTpbITbIX B EfHI1Te IIVlpaMI1A He 6bl.tO nu 03HOZO nepsoaasaxsnoro 3<1XOpOHeHI15I. Y)Ke 0AHO 3'1'0 06CT05ITeAbCTBO, Y"VlTbIBa5I TO, 'J.TO B Ernrrre oGHa py/KeHO 60Ace BOCb,."lv!AeC5ITl111Hp3Ml1A, np3KTl1'recKI1 OIIpOBepraer TeOpl11O rpo6UVlLJbI.

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28

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29

Kpxcrodiep AaHH

MH. AOKTOP Kypr MeHAeAbCOH, CPH3HK, rmcaa: «DYCTh1e capKOcparn Xycpy H XecppeH AerKO 06oJICHl1Tb BTOp)[(eHJ1eM HerrpOllleHhIX rocTeM,3aTO nYCTbre rpotisr CeKXeMKer, gaPJ1gbI Xerepepec V1 Tperni1 B uraxre TIOA CTYneH'l:3Toi1 llI-1PaMJ1A0i1 npeACTaBNIIOT 60Aee CAO)KHhli1 Bonpoc. f..1x He YpCBO)K11Al1 OJ BpeMeH paaaefi aHTI1'lH0CTI1. 00- CKOAbKY B ;3TI1X 33XOpOHeHJ15IX HeT TeA, HaM He OCTaerCJI Hw:rero v1Horo, KaK 3ar<A1Q<!u,Tb, 'ITO 3AeCb norpe6aAH He yMepnIVix AIOAeM, a He'ITO Apyroe»ll.

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30

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31

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CTbIO, na CatvlOM AeAe He HMeeT HI1Kal(orO npaKTI1'IeCI<OfO npY1MeHeHWI M npOAO)KeHa AHmh B CUAy rpaAMIJHM (KaK H cnycKaID~MeCJI BHI13 KOPHAOPbI B Apymx yCbInaAhHl1ljax). OH rracaa: (13Tv! Y3- KV1.e uraxrsr 'faCTO Ha3hlBaIDT B03AyxonpoBOAaMH, OARaKO He B 3TOM "I1X npeAHa3Ha'leHl1e. Cenepaas maxra -:.'lTD, OQe13J.1AHO, nOBTopeHHe 13 MMHHaTIDpe TPaAHljI10HHOi1. IIoKaToi1. BXOAHOi1. raaepen. JltTaK, MbI BH,AHM eIIJe 0Alm npHMep apXI1TelcrypHOro 3AeMeHTa, KOTOPb!i1. 3AeCb ,SIBHO He fill. CBoeM MecTe. He 6y Ah Y Hero oco60i1. 32A'l'IM, ero 6b! 'ryT He 6bIAO». TIPHBOAH OTphIBOK H3 «TeKCT013 nHpaMJ:1A», rAe roBOPI1TCJi 0 C03Be3NlV1. 0pHOHa, 3ABapAc. 06'hJICH.srH Ha3Ha'IeHMe IQ)I<HOi1. BeHTI11UlIJI10HHOM uraxrsr, TIMCM: «Pa3 B CyrKV1. rpM 3BC3AhI"I13 sroro C03Be3AWl npOXOAJ.1Al1 npnMO HaA OCbIO uraxrsr. TIo HeM ~apaoH Mor TIOAHHTbOI Ha aefieca Mt60 nepHYThC}l no )KehaHl1IO B rpo6Hl1IJy»14.

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32

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34

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35

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38

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39

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40

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46

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00 MHeHMlO A,3BHACOHa, KOAOAe3Ha51 nraxra 6bIAa npOAQ)KeHa BCI<ope nOCAe OKOHqaHH5I CTpOJ.1TeAhCTBa nMpaMHAbI Xeonca, a He qepe3 MHoro nOKOAeHHH, - xoraa erqe 6bIAH )I(J1BbI 're, KTO no,V\Hl1A pacnOAQ)KeHJ1e BHyTpeHHJ1X rrOMeIljeHMH. OH BhICIGc"l3aA CAeA YIOIlJee rrpeAnOAQ)KeHHe: nocae CJ1AbHOro 3eMAerpJICCHJ15I AH50 xaxoro-au- 6YAb HHoro CTOAb xce pmpYllIHTeAl>Horo 5IBJ\eHlU! xpamrrex» napaMHAb! 3aMe'l"MAM rro PEAY Hap~KHhIX npM3HaKOB, 'ITO coop~KeHMe rrpocexo, Onacaacs, 'ITO npx 3TOM nocrpaAaAa TaIOKe H lJapcK<UI xaMepa, OHH pellIMAH npom:!IrnyTh BliYTPh nMpaMMAbI H ocssorpers ee. 003TOMY OHJ1 B35IAMCb nO'ITl1 01' caaoro HH3a cnYCKaIOrg:erOCJI KOpHAopa npo6vmaTh nyrs HaBepx. Ho nQqeMY )[{e OHM H36paAH He 60Aee KOpOTI<oe HanpaBAeHJ1e, HalIpMMep, TO, KOTOpoe npeAITO'IAl1 AlOAH 3Ab-MaMyHa? no MHeHMlO A:~BMAcoHa, 31'0 6hlAO CBmaHO C TeM, -rro xpaHJ1TeM1 HaMepeB3AHCh HCCAeAOnaTb ABe KpynHble TpeIlJHHb! B CKaAbHOH nopoAe crrYCKaIOrg:erOC5I KOPMAOPa.

X0T513TI1 'I'perg:MHbI H snpa..."h T.lIHyrcn BAOAh KOpHAOpa, arxYA3 XpaHHTeJUIM 6bIAO 3HaTh, 'ITO IlJeAH npoxOA.lIT J1MeHHO B ITpeAnOAaraeMOM l1MJ1 HanpaBAeHViH? He~KeAM HM. YA~OCb rax TO'IHO paCOH:!TaTh HanpaBAeHHe TYHHeM, 'ITO OHM He CdMHeBaAHCh B TOM, '-ITO, np06HBiliMCb qepe3 H3BecTHJ!KOSYIO nopoAY, BhliiAYT B AByx TO'iKaX K TeM caMhlM 'I'peIlJl1HaM? He HMefi Ta!<OH ynepeHHOCTI1, BPM AH saTe.IIAM OHM CTOAb rpYAHoe VI 3a'I'paTHoe no 13peMeHM rrpezrrpusrrael.

3Ha.II pe3YAbTaTbI H3MepeHVlJ! OCHonaHUE BeAMK0l1 mtpaMHAbI n'\OIlJaAblO B 'I'pMHaAIJaTb aKpOB, npH rrponeAeHHM KOTOPOro C noMOl.IJblO COBpeMeHHhIX rrpncopon 6bIAO YCTaHOBAeHO, 'ITO OTKAOHeHVle He npessnuaer 7/S AIOHMa - YAVlBHTeAbHaJI TO'iHOCTb A3>Ke no conpeMeHHblM MepKaM, - BpJ.!A AH ecri, OCHOBaHMe CQMTaTh, 6YATO ee oceaanne CHAhHO 6ecnol<oHAo xpaHMTeAefi. Kposie-roro, 6bIAO 5bI

47

KpHCTo4>ep AaHH

HHTepeCHO Y3HaTb, KaKOH BpeA 6bIA, no HX MHeHWIO, OT 3TItX TPeIIp1H IJapcxOH KaMepe, fAaBHOMy B KOHIJe KOH1::JOB Ooo.elcry WX 3a6ar. IJapcIWI KaMepa pacnoscoxeaa aa BbICOTe 175 (J>yroB (53,34 M) H<l,4 3eMAeH. He 6bIAO 3aM.eQeHO CM.elYeHWl HU B KaM.epe IJapwIJbI, HH B rOpW30HTaAhHOM KOpJ1AOpe. B 1881 roAY op Yl1AMIM ¢AwHAepc TIwrpWWCCAeAOBaA J1AYlYWH BHW3 KOPl1AOP B TOM MecTe, rAe 6b1AH ~UJl1HhI, H yCTaHOBl1A, 'ITO era OTAlofqaer n0pa3wreAhHaJI TO<nIOCTh. nOrpeIIIHOCI'b 150-q>yroBOM CAO>KeHROH l1.3 W3BeCTWlKOBbIX 6AOKOB sacra ,4aHHoro npoxoaa (45,72 M) COCTaBAJleT AWilib 0,20 AIO-HMa (0,51 CM), a scero KopWAopa, nporznyanreroca aa 375 (J>yrOB (114,30 M), - KaK)'IO-'I'O'leTBepTbAIOHMa (0,64 CM) 3. 3TH secosasre A3HHbIe CTalUIT DOA COMHeffi1.e IIDtpoKO pacnpOCrpaHeHH}'IO sePCHKl o TOM, 'ITO npWLJ:l1HOH IIOBpeJl<Aeffi1.M. B lJapcKoi1 KaMepe CTaAO 3eMAeTPJIceHlofe. CYA». no BceMY, KOAoAe3HYJO IIIaxTy BhlKOnaAH Te, KTO 6bIA npeKpacHo 3HaKOM c pacnoaoxceaaeea nOMelIJeHWH BHyrpl1 nw paM.MAbI. Y 'lHTbIBaJI, CKOAbKO ee phIne rrorpefonaxo TPY 43, IIIaxTIl, coeAuHwBlIIaa HAYIlJUH BHH3 I<OPHAOP C HIDKHCii '1aCThIO BossIIIOH faAepeU, nepmlTHO, C caxsoro H3'laAa 6bl1l.a 3aAYMaHa crpouTeJ\JUIAH, C1I. pKa WM AAR HeKoH orrpeaeaennofi geAJ.i.

TeM He MeHee TeOpH5I ,A3BHAcoHa 3aMeqaTeAbHa TeM, 'lTO, no CII.OBaM Flarepa TOMnKl1Hca, nopcoxaaer COMHeHl1e. nOC1l.eAHI1H CKa3aA; «B TaKOM H3AO)Kem·m co6bITHH HeT Hl1LJ:ero J.13Ha'laAbHO He- 1I.0rwIHoro. Pa3YMeeTCH, 6b1AO 6hl nenpocro npoAoll.6J1Tb rrpoxos, B TBePAOH CKaAbHOH nopoAe H KAaAKe - J13 nHpaMHAhI npl1II1AOCb 6b1 H3'MITb COTHH TOHH MaTepl1aAa, nOAHHB ero no ViAYlYeMy BHH3 KOPl1AOpy, - OARaKO 3Aecb HeT HWlero HeB03MQ)I<Horo»4.

Heseno C'lHTan, 6YATO IIIaxTa B nl1paMWAe Xeonca - 31"0 AeAO pyK rpa6wreAei1, xoropsre pbIAW BCAenYKl, HaAeHCb na «aaocs» - aa TO, 'ITO C1I.yqaiiHo aaroxxayrca Ha rrorpefiaasnyto I<flMepy. 3Ta 3aTeH IIOTpe60BaAa 6bI HeHMOBepaoro <pt13wiecKoro TPY43. Pa60'lWM IIpt1- lIIAOCh 6h1 rrpopyfiars vtAytqHH naepx TYHHeAb B MaAeHhKOM, Y3KOM, no-rra Bepn1KaAhHOM npoxoz,e, rAe V1M 6bIAvt 6hI ay>KHb1 CBeT, KHCAOPOA 11 HenpeMeHHaH onopaAMl HOf. vb-3a H3BeCTHHKOBOH nh1AI1

48

6blAO 6hl npaKTI1'-IecKH HeB03MO)KHO AbllnaTD, aa pa60'll1x nOCTOJlHHO ChlnaAHCb 6hI OCKOAKJ.t CKaAbIBaeMoi1 nopoasr. vh nJ.tpaMHAhl npWIllAOCb 6bl ssraecra COTHH ynaBIill1X B CnyCKaKUYWi1CJI KOPl1AOP 06AOMKOB, H 3TO nOTpe6oBaAO 61>I crpaumoro HalIpIDKemur '-IeAOBe'-IecKWX CJ.tA.

Bcnoxonere 0 TOM, B xaxax YChOBl1HX aexacs pa6OT3 Ii npoXOAe 3AI> MaMyaa. CorA3CHO J.tC1'O'lHHKaM, AlOAl13Ab MaMYHa 6bIAl1 roroBhl Bee 6POCWTb, npOpblB scero cro cpyTOB (30,48 M). V1x TepneHWe f.:(CCRKho. B CM3l1 C 3TJ.tM B03HaKaeT BOIlPOC: HaCKOAbKO 6hl XBaTHhO l1CKaTeAei1 COKpoBl1IIJ, ecAl1 6bl J.tM npanrsocs xortars KOAOAe3HYJO waxry? no CAOBaM TOMllCOHa, «npontBAaHHoii 'reopxa ronoPJ4TTO, 'ITO, KaK 3aMe<ralOT Maparaoaao H PHHaAbAl1, CTeHbI uraxrsr, Ha'-IWHaJI OT rpoTa l1 AaAee BHepX, CAO)!(eHl>I l13 npanMhHbIX 6AOl(OB t13seCTHJlKa, BHAl1MO, B COOTBeTCTBJ.tl1 C nepBOHa'-IaAbHhIM IlAaHOM»5.

B cnoefi KID1re «L' Architettura delle Piramidi Menefite» Cexecra MaparnoAHo W BWTO PuHaAbAW BbICKa3bIBaJOT rrpearrosozceaae 0 TOM, '-ITO 3T'f uraxry BblpolAl1 AMI 'roro, Aa6bI ofecne-nrrs nocrynAe-. Hl-1e B03Ayxa K pa6araJOlljl1M BH)'TpH IHlpaMVJAhl C1'pOWTeAJIM. lthBeCTHbIH erurrroxor l1 npW3HaHHbrH cneuaaxncr rro rrWpaMUAaM 3AsapAc COrAaCHACJ.I C TeM, <ITO, Aa, B03MO)KHO, ee J.tcnOAb30BaAW B TaKHX lJeMlX, HO 3aJlBl1A npl1 TOM, '-ITO, B PaMKax TeopHH rpo6m1lJbI, B 3TOM He 6hlAO Heo6xOAt1MOCTI1, nOCKOAl>KY nOAHHMaIOlljHHCJl neepx KOPHAOP GblA OTKpbIT AO TeX nop, IIOKa nOXOpOHHaJI npolJeccH5I H.e rroKHHYAa ero H rpaHHTHhIMH fAbI6aMl1 He neperopoAl1Al'l era BXOA. no ero MHeHHIO, uraxra }lB.MIAaCb BhIXOAOM, 'lepe3 KOTOPbIH re, KTO IlOMOraA cnYCKaTb rpaHHTHhle 6AOKW, rrOKHHYAH n»paMt1Af. Bnpo'{eM, A3HHoe npeAl10AO)!(eHWe, BO BOIKOM uyqae, MHe npeACTaBA}lerCJI COBepllIeHHO Hecypa3HbIM H eABa AW 3auY)KHBaIOIlJHM nOl'paxeanoro na ero oGc~I<AeHHe BpeM.SI. nO-MoeMY, coo6pa>KeIDtll OHTpH 60Aee rrpHeMAeMbI H rrpaBAonOA06HbI. nOCAeAHV1H COMHenaeTOI B TOM, 'ITO MaparnOAJ10, Pl1HaAbAH W3ABapAC BepHo nOH}lAH HaMepemUl TeX, KTO cTPOHA rrHpaMl1AY:

49

lllaxma, UAU «]WAOOe1)'>, UOYU!,aJl am eC6epH.020 KOHl_{a ZClACPCU 6ltU3, HC 6blAI! H.U 3aOYAWHa e CGMOZO nasaxa, uu satiuma 60 6pCM5l cmpoumesncmila; OOKfl3ameAbCm60M mOAlY cAYJKUrn mo, «mo OH.a 6blAfl npopytiseua 6 KAl!eJKe, AUUlb nOCAC mozo JWK ee pRON 6blAU ysoscen»: l1ccAeoo(jmme ucaxmst noxasutiaem, smo ee npoxod U3- (jU/l.ucm u npu ee cOOpY)f(CHUU ucnoAb3o(jaH1)t uenOOXOOJlu(ue cmpoumessnue 6AOKU; HC pm (3 uiaxme Bcmpexaemcs yZOA 6A01Cfl, ocmas.1t£HHbtii t3 ee ucxputiseunoi: cmene, xoms ocmasunas ezo «acmu 6blAll yoaAeHa npu npoxxaduscnuu npoxooa. f.1 smo .Jl6l1.flemcJl y6eoumCAbH.blM 001Ca3amCAbCm6o.M, max Ka1(. ma1C020 6bt HC 6blAO, 6yOb ee CoopyJK.C1-tue 3aJyMa1iO C e(l.MOZO HI!'l<1AJ1. n0006HJl1O Kllpmuuy Mbl ua6A100aeM y 6xooa (j 1COpU(}Op, 6 zasepee. 30ecb cmeuni co cmopoH.bl (]xooa m<1KUe JK.e P06Hbte, 1Ca1C U cmeust zasepeu; oOHa1CO na 10)/(HOU cmopone zaxepeu. Bcezo 65,3 01Ot"U.W (13,46 cu) om 6xooa, npoxooum 6cpmWWAbH.blU cmux. Iipu. cmpoumesscmse nupauuObl oc060 mtuamesono ycmaHa6AU8aAu xpynuue 6AOKU]{.(l yZAy, U lW3mOMY e08epU1CH.HO H£nOHJlJ1mO, noseuy 803Ae 6xo(}a (J 1COpUOOp cmpoumes» nocmaiius. nodnopxy 6eC20 5,3 o1OiiMa mOAuJUJwU. Cnet3uouo, t3xoo 6blA npopytixen, naCAC mozo KaK sma «acms coopy)f(CHUJl 6bua 3a1COH'leHa. Cxeootkunessou), tuaxma - om HatttlAa ao xonua - ;Z(JAJlC1nC;Z donoxsenueu 1C nep(JO]{.(l'taAb1iOMY nAi!uy7.

Ilarpn TaIOKe 06paTI1A BHlitMaHlite aa KpynHbIt1 rpaHl1THbIH6AOK B03Ae rpora, Ero lIOAQ)I<eHHe HaBOAHT Ha MDlCAb, 'ITO ero C6pOCHAH lit3 uePTI1K3AhH0t1 qaCTI1 IUaxTbI. V1HTepecHO, 3aqeM OH 6hIA Hy)KeH B IUaXTe, KOTOPasr, no MHeHMIO MHOfV[X, HWKaK He CBJ.l33Ha c nepBOlra'IaAhHhrM nAaHOM nlitpaMVlAhl? 3a'IeM TeM, KTO rrpOAO)KHA rrpoxoA 'lepe3 HeTpOHYTYJO CKaAhHYIO nopoay K BOAblllOH raxepee, cbpacuBaTh B ruaxry rpaHWrHYIO rAbI6y? nOA06HaJI 3aTe.II norpefonaaa 6hl HeMaAhIX yCHAHt1. V1 OTKYAa OHH B3JIAlit ee? Ee nplitcyrcTBV1Kl TaM AOA)KHa 6hITb npH'IlitHa (CM. pHC. 5).

Brrposess, Maparuoxno, P>1HaAbAH H nl1TpM MQ)KHO npWMHPHTb, eCAYl rrpeAIIOAO)KV1Th, 'ITO CAO}KeHHaJI 113 6AOKOB qacTb I1Iax-

50

PI1C. 5. KOAOA{'3HaH maxra

1. I'po r. 2. KOlLoAe3HaH uraxra

Tbr 6bIAa I1Ha'laAe MeHbwe !1 Al111Ib BnOCAeAcTI3l1l1 pacllIwpeHa AA.SI Toro, 'lTo6bl xpaHWTCAl1 MOTAl1 npofir» B EOAbWYIO raAepeIO V1 ycTaHOBV1Tb creneas paapynreaaa IJapCKOI1 KaMepbI. ECM1 no TaK, roraa KOAOAe3HaJI uraxra 6bIAa rrpeaaaanaxeaa He AA.SI '1eAOBeKa, a AN! sero-ro Apyroro. KalG1M 6bI HV1 6blAO ee rrpeAHa:3Ha'leHl1e, OHO IlOTpe60BaAO AA.SI xero-ro YCTaHOllKl1 BHyTpH. Kopl1AOpa Kpynuoro rpaHV1THoro 6AoKa ... BOT Ha 3TH BOIIPOCbI $I M ornesaio ira C'l'paHt1- gax nacroaurefi KHt1fV1.

ECAVi KOAOAe3HaJI uraxra JIBAJleTOI AeAOM PYK OXOTHHKOB aa coKpoBm~aMH, TOTAa OHVi AOA)KHbI 6hIAl1 3HaTb pacrrOAQ)I<CHl1e nossellJeHHii BHyrpJ1 IIVlpaMJ1AbI l1, 'rr06bl y HUX 6bIAO )](eAaHl1e IIYCTVlTbC}l B croxs MHOrcrrpYAHoe rrpearrpnsrrae, rrpeACTaBMITb, KaIDie COKpDBl1r.qa cxpsn-sr 13 HeM. If TO )[(e xacaercn rWTIOTe3bI 0 rrposepKe COCTOJl.HWl lJapCI<OM KaMepbI, TO y Hac II CII5.l3W C HeM B03Hl1I<aer BOrIpoe: lGIK XpaHl1TeAHM YAaAOCb rIO HappKHhlM rrpl13HaKaM YCTaHOBHTb, '{TO rIJ.1PaMHA<1 npoceza? BeAI> OTKAOHem1C OCHonaHHR ITWpaMHAbI

51

Xeorrca, panaoro 13 aKpaM (52609,1 1<B. M.), cocraauao ncero-nancero 7/8 AIOMMa, T. e. 0,001 AIOMMa (0,0025 CM) aa 1 ~yr (30,48 CM) - 13 ABa pa3a MeHbwe TOAIIJUHbl xeeonesecxoro soxocal 1.f To6!>I BblJI13H rs OTI<I!.OHe:fJV!e OCHOnaHHJ.l n 7/S AIDMMa, AIDKe eClt.H OCHOB3Hl-te 6bIAO CHa'IaAa HAeaAI>HO POBHbIM, Apenffi1M xpaHl1TeMIM norpefonaaocs 6bI COBpeMeHHoe H3MepHTeAbHoe 060pYAOBaHHe.

AonYCTI1M, 'ITO y Hl1X HMeAHCb npafopu, cnocofiaste onpexeAl1Th CTOAb He3Ha'rnTeAbHoe OTI<I!.OHeHl1e, TorAa BCTIler nonpoc: HaAO AU VIM 6blAO npl1 TaKoi1 Mat...Oi1 norpemaocra npOAeAbIBaTb nee TO, 'ITO aBTOphI Pa3AWlHbIX TeopHi1 HM npeAMraroT? B TOM CIt. yqae, eCAH xpaHI1TeAl1 6hlAH BC1"peBo)KeHbI cYAb60i1 npOXOA011 I1 IQM.ep 11 m1paMHAe, OHI1, <IT06bI ycnOKOI1TbCJ.l, MOrAH. 6bI TIIJaTeAbHO nponepV!Tb COCTORHl1e J1AYIIJero BHl13 I<opHAOpa KaI< J.l Y)Ke rOBOpl1A, 3TO-r rrpoXOA 6bIA t13yqeH Dt1TPt1, coo6r.ganwl1M, 'ITO «cpeaaee OTI<I!.OHeID1e OT rrpRMoi1 At1Hl1t1 B CAO)[{eHlIOU t13 6AOK013 QaCTI1 KOpHAOpa panaserOl. ncero-aancero 1/50 AIOi1Ma, rropasareasao He&:,AbWaJI norpeunrocn, npH nponI>KeHHOCTH B 150 t.PYTOB (45,72 M). npH o6r.gei1 350-t.PyTOBOH Ml-tHe KopV1Aopa, 'IaCTl1'!HO ClLO>l'(eHHoro l13 6AOKOB, 'I3CI'W{HO rrpopyfixemroro B CKaAbHOi1 nopoz,e, OTKAOHeHl1e ero 60KOBhIX cropoa COCTaBAJ.leT 1/4 AIDHMa, a rrOTOAKa - 3/10 AlOi1Ma»8.

T eM He MeHee nOAyqeHHble Aillilible yr<a3bIBaKlT aa TO, 'ITO B ApeBnocrn KaMepbI BH)'TPH BeAl-tKOH IIl1paMl1Ahl 6bIAl1 OCMO'.l'peHbI V1 orpeMOHTI1poBaHbL Harrpreaep, 6bIAH aaurryxarypensr TpeI1Jl1HbI 13 noTOAO'lHbIX 6aAKax Hap, IJaPCIWi1 KaMepou. Ho nOqeMY XpaHY1TeAM 6bIAl1 TaJ< ofecnoxoeasr COCTOJ.lHHeM ynoWlHYToH norpe6at.hHoH KaMephI? nO'IeMY xce, eaM ViM nOCAe 3ef\.L\~RCeHl1J.l npMillA.OCb npoBecrV1 ocsaorp BHyrpeHID1X KaMep, f1X He ycnOI<ol1AO o6CAeAOBaHHe l-tAYIIJero BHM3 KOpJ1AOpa? nO-Bf1AHMOMY, He Hap~KHhre rrpM- 3HaKM oceAaHYUl nony AMAH nx rrpOffi1KH)'Tb BHyrph crpoem1.J.l, a Hesro xaoe,

Korxa 3Ah MaMyH MCClLeAOBaA TIVlpaMHAY Xeonca, MHorae ycKOAb3HYAO OT ero nsrrxuaoro B30pa. Anun, B 1765 roAY HaTaHHeAb AeHBHcoH coBepwMA orxpsrrae, [(OTOpOe nOCAY)[(l1AO TOA'U<OM K

52

B0306HOBAeHHIO HCCAeAOl3aHHM H euje 60AbllIe oxyranmee aasecofi TaMHbI 31'0 3ar<IAO'lHCIe crpoeane.

P5IAOM C IJaPCKOi1 KaMepoi1, aa 60AhlllOM cryrreHl1, ero BHHMaID1e rrpHMeKAO CrpaHHDe, OTp<1)IGUOll,Ieeor (IT rrOTOAKa 3XO. DOAH5IB ropRII]ytO caesy K ?orOMY rasepea, Aei1m1coH BID1MaTeAbHO OCMOTpea ero H easa pa3rMIAeA no'ITH na caMOM nepxy OTBepcTHe. nOAD)KI1BIIIHCb Ha yAa'iy, OH COOpYAHA H3 AeCTHH4 nexoe nOA06HeACCOB 11. OCTopmKHo nOAe3 HaBepx.

K caoeji P3AOCTH, Aei1BHcoH Aei1Cl'BHTeAl>HO 06HapY)l(HA 01'aepcme. Brrposees, scxope ero HOCTopr CMeHl1ACR OTBpar:geHHCM - nOCAe Tora KaK OH, 3a6panIIlHCh B Aa3, 'Ij'Th He yrOHYA B Kyqax pe3KO IIaxHYIIJero nossera Aery'Imc MbIIllei1. Fl parcpsrn IIAaTKOM OT 3AOBOHHR HOC, OH CTalI. npofinparscs no ha3y H, rrpeoaoxea TaIU1M o6pa- 30M AB<lAgaTb rnrrs 1>yrOB (7,62 M), HaTKHYAC5I aa 60Abillyro !(aMepy, rAe, Bnpo'IeM, eMY TaK T4 He YAaA0Cb paCnp5IMT4ThCH BO Ben peer. OKa3aBIIIHCb BHyrpH KaMephI, Aeiim1coH O'H1CTI1A ee OT rzoMeTa M YBJ1.AeA AeB}1Th orpoMHbIX nOTOAOtIHhIX 6aAOK H3 rpaarrra - Ka.>KAaR AO ABaAlJaTt1 ceMH r:pyrOB AM-mOM (8,23 M) J1. AO CeMHAeCJlTt1 TOHH BeCOM. OHH 06Pa30BbIBaAH nOTOAOK IJaPCKOM norpe6aAbHoi1. KaMepbI. Bepx 6""OK B OTAH'lT4e OT HX 60KOBbIX CTOPOH H Ht13a 06- TecaH HepoBHo H 6bIA A<lAeKO He nOAo6HeM np}1MOM AHHt1H. TaIOKe OH YCTaHOBHA, 'ITO rrOl'OAOK Hal1AeHHOM HM KaMepb! CAO)KeH H3 TaKMX xce rpaHHTHbIX 6aAOK. 3Ta OC06eHHOCTb CTPoeHlliI nHpaMt1- AbI ero He 3aHHTepeCOBaAa, H pe3yAbTa~OM CAeAaRHoro HM orxpsrTHR CTaAO TO, 'ITO OH Ha'Iep1'aA aa CTeHe caoe J.11WI 11 3Ta l<aMepa 6bIAa Ha3BaHa II ero seers.

HOBoe HCCAeAOBaHt1e KaMephI Aei1.BH.COHa 6h1AO npOBeAeHO B 1836 rOAY, xoraa nOAKOBHHKXoyapA-Bai1.3 BMeCTe c rp<DI<A3HCKHM vUDKeHepoM,A>I<OHOM nePPl1HI'OM H3)"IaA I1l1PaMHAHblM KOMl1AeKC B I'nae. B HeM xa nOTOAKe Me)I<AY 6aAKaM.V1 XoyapA-Bal13 3aMeTI1A llJeAb. 31'0 naaexo era H3 MhlCAh 0 TOM, 'iTO nsrure HaxoN1TC>J elIJe OAHa I<aMepa. OR nOITbLTaAC5I npocynyrs II r:geAb rpeX¢YTOBYJO TPOCTHHI<y, H 3'1'0 eMY AerKO YAaAOCb. 3aTeM OH, )KeAa5.l BbUlCHI1Th AeMCTBH-

53

Kpacrorpep AaHH

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54

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56

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57

KpHCTOlPep AaHH

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58

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001taKO UlUPUH.a ynoscocymozo nasa cocmatissem He 21,6 oJOuMil (54,86 CM), a 17,1 01OUA,W (43,43 cM);u6Mecmo mow umotn«

59

OOXOOumb 00 nOMl, Da»:« na HCCKOAbKO 010 t'U.w 6 yxoiiumu 6ZAy6b, otcsaxasoauiaemcs; 643,7 o1OUMa (111,00 CM) om 6a3UCHOi"iIlAOCxocmu; max «mo onycxnou 6.,1.OK, mosnee 6AOKU, u60 OH cocmoum U3 o6yx uacmeii, nmWU1nC51 C o6(.7'[lX cmopou na KaMeHHblX cmenax u n03moMY eto He603MO)KHO cpasy onycmums, oaJl(e 6yOb ua rna »x.canuetosnepamopa. Bnpouesc.sma cucmeMaM(Vl.O KOMY 6bl noMeWaAa, max xax OlVKe ecsu 6bL ux onycmuxu Au60 OOAomOM 6btoOA6UAU O.JJl HUX no Bepmuxasu cnycK, MeJKOy onycxuoii i)OCKOU, cet3epHoii 6xooH.oU cmeuoii U 6XOOOM ocmaemcs C(J06ooHoe npocmpancmso, 21 010UM (53,34 CM), KYoa MO)Kem npomucnymscs odun. «exosex, a 1na1OKe 57 ChoiiM.o8 ( 144,78 cu) HaO onycxnou ooeKOU, zae MOtym npoxesms 1leelCOAbKO 'leAo6eK u zoe Jl CllM cuiies: na xecmnuue, oeHb 3a OH.CM, 6 OKPY)J(CHUU Mu.m U usuepumesmocx peex, HO 6 nosmumexsxoii muuaote U 06b£'t1iO (3 nOMlOM OOuHO'fecmde, p£13MblUUlJl.JlllaO meu, umo tiu smo 31-la'lUA011,

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60

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61

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62

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67

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68

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69

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70

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71

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73

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78

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82

o6pa6OTKa npoxOAHAI1 6b1 6e3 OCAO)KHeHI1M. OOTOM HaM 6h1 npt1- lliAOCb peuiars 33.Aa'lY no YCTaH013Ke 6AOKon aa MeCTO.

T aKOH yposeas TO'lHOCTl1, KaKoi16hIA AOCTI1.nIyr npl1 Crpot1TeAberne OCHonarU1.H BeAJ1KOi1 mlpaMJ1AbI, YAl1BJ1TeAeH, He H)DI<eH t1 Aa)Ke He npeanoxaraercs COBpeMeHHbIMJ1 CTPOJ1TCAbHbIMH HopMaMH. rpa>KAaHCKJ1i1 t1IDKeHep POAaHAAoys t13 qmpMbI «Roland P. Dove & Associates «<POAaHA fl Aoyn 14 rrapTHepbI» ) nORCHM, 'ITO npt1 coopy>KeHl1M tpyBAaM.eHTa B conpcMeHHblx 3Aam1RX AonycTMMoe 01'KAOHeHJ1e COCTaBMIeT 0,02 AJOt1Ma (0,05 CM) na OAl1H ~Y'I' (30,48 c..\\). Korsa R paccxasaa eMY 0 HWITO)KHOM AOI1ycKe nOCHOB.'lHJ111 mrpaMv!Ahl Xeonc.a, on MHe He nOBepMA VI. COI'J\aCI1ACR C TeM, 'ITO aa AaHHOM ,nane CTPOl1TeAbCTBa 're, KTO TPYAl1ACR na ee BD3BeAeHJ.1I1, rtpoAeMoHcrpwponaAl1 BhlCOKT1H Aa>Ke no conpCJ\.\eHHhlM MepK3M yposeHb npocpeCC110HaAbHOm MaCTepCTBa.

B I<Ht1re «Pyramid Odyssey» Yl1AMIM cDHKC yrnep>I<Aaef, 'ITO (3- MaJ! ~aTeAbHaJI C':heMKa OCH013aHt1H IIVl.paMHAbI Xeonca noxasaaa, .sro ero nepaaerp pasea 3023,13 <l>yra(921,45 M), acpeAIDIR MHHa CTOpoH 755,78 cpy1'a (230,36 M). Ec..m 6bl ee CrpoJ.1..\H B COOTBeTCTBJ.1t1 C HbIHCUIHHMM crpOHTt'AbHblMt1 HOPM.1.\'H1, TO BeAJ1tIMHa paspeuieanoro AonYCK3 COCT3mtAa 61>1 15,115 AIOr.1."13 (38,39 CM).

n pV13naHUa51 OCeMM. H3Y'IHa5J. reopua 0 TOM, IGU< y,\:L\OCh TI1K 1'OllHO flbrpOBHHTh OCH013alH1e BeAHK0l1 fmpaMHA,bl, UWlero na Ca.\10M AeAe He 06b}ICH}leT. Do MblCAVl erMnTOAorOB, ~TO 6hlAO AOC'h1myTo npH nOMOUJI1 cTOWIeH BO;\b1: II nopoxe na TOM MeCl'e, rAe AOA)KHa 6hIAa HaxoAH1'hOI m1paMHAa, 6bL\a BbIpy6AeHa cerxaraa Cl1CTeMa KaH<h\OB, KCYI'Ophle 6hlAVl BITOCACACffiT111 33.TOnAeHbI. Cyxoi1 KaMeHb, MAM 6eper K<UiaAOIl, ponno 13blpy6aAV1, f,lCnoAb3Y51 n xaxecrne 13bICOTOMepa 1101>,Hyro nonepxHocn.. Ha nepBhIH n31'MI1>, 31'a TPdAI1lJI10HHa51 TeOpH.H, X(YfJl HeI" HHKalU1X A<lHHblX, IIOATDep)KAalOlljHx ee, IGDKeTCR BIIOAHe AOrWmOJ1. ECAH, no HaUIeMy MHeHVlIO, C'rpOJ.1TeAM rmpaMHA He yMeAM C03;\anaTb npCljH3HOHHble I1I1CTpYMeHTbl, VlCllOAh3YCMbIe conpcMeUHbIMl1 3eMAe,'Io1epaMl1, rorsa npWvlHTl1llHOMy 06llJeCTay He OCTanaAOCh HWlero HHoro, K3K IIpMMeH.HTh YKa:.mm-lblH nsnne MeTOA. 0,\-

83

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Bnpose», 60hblID1H wrrepec npe.4CTaBMIeI" APyraJl AeTaAb, Ha KGropyro 3aIlJI1THJ1KI1 H3AO)KeHHOH BbIllle TeOpMJ.i He 06palI)aAl1 ID1l<aI{Gro llHMMaHI1Jl: C I<aKOM CKOpocThIO I30AaB O1CTeMe KaHaAOBAOlVI<Ha 6bIha BlTI1ThIl3aTbCJ1 B nopHCTylO HYMM.YAWroBYlO nssecraaxoayro nopoay IIAaTO AI160 HcrrapJIThOI B aTM~Y? BeAh A,a.HHa}l reopWI sepaa, H 3TO 6bIAO rrproaaao BCeMH, hI1.UIL rrpH YChOBUh, -rro CI'05Na5l BO~ n I<aHaAaX ocraercn HaOAHOM ypoBHe &AH K.aHalIhl6blJ\H H nI1pRMb llbrpy6AeHb1 B nopoae, CKOAhKO xce TOrAa nOH3A06HAOCb BOADI, 'IT06bl AOCTWlb TO'IlU1 HaCblrg:emm, '1160 TOAbKO!l 3TOM Chyqae yponeHh !lOADI OCTaBahCH 6h1 B xaaasax nOCTORHHbIM? liTO xce xacaerca TpeIgvlH BH3BeCTHJIKOBOM nopoAe, TO VIX, B03MQ)KHO, 3a6M3 rpass. Bnposesa, 3TO He O&biICHRer, AMI xero rrpV1NiHTI1BHOMY 06r.geCTBY, enre, nepom'Ho, He 3H<lKOMOMY C KOAecoM., UOH<!Ao6l1hOCb B03BOAI1Th coopy)!(eHWI C TaKl1M11 AonYCKaMH. ECAw liIM ACMCTBHTehbHO HeAb3JI 6bIAO 6e3::rroro o60i1TI1Cb '11 eucreMa I<aHdAOB 6bIAa AMI HHX CAHHCTneHHbIM BhlXOAOM, rorsa nce PaBHO 3'TOT npogecc 6bIA Gb[ croxs -rpYAoeMI<l1M, a ere HCXOA CTOAb HeorrpeAeAeHeH, 'ITO pa3pa6cYrtrnKH m1paMt1Abl, repoHTIIO, nocxe HenpOAOlVKH- 1'i'AbHOro 06c~I<AeHHR OTI<a3<lhVlCb 6bI OT 3aTeH C KaHMab1.V1.

Her HHKaKVlX CBHAeTChbCTB B rroAb3Y TeopvlH, coraacao KOTOpoi1 BOAHble xaaaxsr CAY)Kl1.AH '{eM-TO BPOAC yponHR rrpl1 m1BeAVlponaHHU BeAVlKOl:1 IIHpaMHAbl, Aa Vi. Tar<OH cnoco6 He oxeas-ro H;JAe)KeH. Mapx Aexaep rrPeAIIOAO)Kl1.A, 'ITO p51A O"rncpCn1l1 B AopmKKe noxpyr m1 paMY1AbI Xeorrca 6bIA rrpeaaasaasea AMI nasox, CAy?KHIHlrnX Vl3MepVi.TeAbHblMl1 HHcrpYMeHTaMl1. OAHaKo 3T0 He o60JICH}!eI" HeBV!A3-HHYJO rA<1AKOCTb rtosepxaocrefi BHYTPH nOMelIJefIHH ITHpaMUAbI. y crpoHTCheii UMeeTC51l1HCTpYMeHT, narroMuHafOIw·u1 TOT,O KOTOPOM rosopwr Aexaep: 3TO TOOAOAl1T, TpCnmKHHK co CAO)!<HbIM l13MepHTeAbHblM npw6opoM CBCP}I.'-Y, OAHaKO Aa}Ke npM HaAW!Hl13TOrO rrpafopa OT crporrrexefi He rpe6YJOT rroAoGHoH TO'IHOCTH.

84

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85

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OpJ1eHTaIJM rr11paMY1,4hI Xeorrca ITO CTOPOHaM CBeTa CTO.Ah )Ke M3YM11Teh.hHa, KaK 11 ee KOHCrpYKgVUl. OHa OTKAO~~ OT 11CTf1Raoro cenepa scero Ha 1pV1 MV1HYTbI. Do AllieHI1IO HCCAeAonaTeAei1, AaHHoe OTKAOHeID1e, IIOCKOAhKY n11paMl1Aa 6blAa B03BeAeHa OKOAO 4800 AeT TOMY Ha3:lA, npoasonrso BCAeACTBl1e CMeUJeH11~ 3eMHOM KOPb! AI160 001 Harnex nsaaersr, Bnposeja, KaKOBa 6bI HI1. 6bIAa Hacroanjaa npI1'lf1Ha CTOAb HWITO)I(HOrO CMeIlJemw B CTOpOHy 01' l1CTI1HHOrO cenepa, mtpaMf1Aa Xeonca 6blAa, AO C1'pOI1TeAbCTBa rrapIDKCKoif 06cePJ3aTOPJ1I1, HaI160Aee To<IHO OpI1eHTI1poBaHHbIM no l.'TOPOHaM CBeTa coopy>I<eHl1eM B Ml1pe.

ElIJe 60Abilie TaJ1HCTBeHHOCTH npI1Aaer BeAI1Koi1 rrJ1paMI1Ae TOT ~aKT, 'ITO ee 1>OpMa, nO-BI1AHMOMy, COAep>Kl1T MaTeMaTl14eCI()'lO cflYHI<.lJ11K.1 IIM. 31'0 Hecou3Mepf1MCJe "WCAO, OT 3,14159 AO 6eCKOHe'!ROCTf1, BC1'peQaeTOI B rrI1paMI1Ae, xorz,a yroA ee CTOPOR COCTaBMleT 51· 51 '14 ". n pH TaKOM yrAe nepI1Me1p IIMpaMJ1AbI panen ornomemeo K ee BbICOTe, KaK 01<py>I<HOCTh I<pyra - K ero pa,A,I1YCY. n O)l<aA yM, 6hlAO 6b1 HaTJDKKOM yrnep)I<AaTb, 6YATO y IIl1paMI1AbI yrOA VlMeHHO TaKOJ1 UA11 '!TO CTpOMTeAT1 rrpeAHaMepeHHO B03BeAH coop¥X<eHI1e, BblP:D.lGlJJuree MaTeMaTWleCKYIO IIOCTORHH)'ID. Ho sro He TaK Y)K AaAeKO OT v1C'(l.{HbI. CAeAaHHble n vtTprt f13MepeHHR CBV1AeTeAbCI'ByroT 0 TOM, 'iTo yroA CTOpoH nMpaMI1AbI nocrpoeH C IIOPa3HTeflbHoi1 TOQHOCTblO. OH rracas: «B geAoM HaM, aepmrrno, rre YAacrC.sI rrporrsnecra H3Mepel{l1e

86

cpeAHero yrAa m1paM11AbI 'rosnee, 'leM 51· 52' nAIOC-Mv1HYC 2', yql1- TbIB<UI HeKOTOpoe CMellJeHHe K lO)laIOH CTOPOHt~»7. Ha CBOeM Bel<y MAe HepeAKo AOBOAl1AOCh VlMeTb AeAO C 'lepre)K3.M11, rAe AonYCTl1Moe OTKAOHeHl1e aa yrAbI COCraBMlAO, eCAl1 He cOAepn<aAOCb I1HhIX yIG133- HI1H, ITAlOC Ml1HYC OAMH tpaAYC, 11 JI YBepeH, 'lTD 113MepeHMJI TIHTPH YIGl3hIBaKY!' aa TI?' 'lTO A3HHhIH yroA nHpa.Ml1Af>I Xeorrca JlBMIAO! B3)KHblM 3AeMeHTOM scero coopYX(eHllil.

KaK BMA MM, OTKhOHeHMe OT COBepllIeHHoro yr Aa 7C 51'51" 14' coCIdBMIeT scero sersrpe MI1HYfbI. 3ror yroA Ae)l(l1T B npeAeAax AOnycKa,O KOTOPOM rOBOpl1T TIWI1)J1, 11 eCAl1 6b1 Mbl nmKehaAl1l1CnOhh3GBaTh 3TIt A.U!Hble MJI AOKa3aTeAbCTBa roro, 'ITO ApeBHHe CTPO>1Tehl1 3HaAH 0 'll1Che nn, TO HaM, nepORTHO,' m1'lTO He noraenraxo 6hl 3'1'0 CAeAaTh.51 rrpeano-orraro npeACTaBMTh ::ITI1 A3HHDle, KaK M TIHTPl1, BKyne C OTK.!t.OHeHHJlM11, 06JI3aTehhHO B03Hl1KalOllJl1MH aa CTOAh 6oAbIllOH rrAoIIJ3Al1. XOTJI, rro MHeHl1lO HeKOTophIX, npacyrcrsae 'll1Cha nl1 B ipopMe nHpaMMAhl Xeonca JIBAJIeTCR 'll1CTO'f1 ChyqaHHocrsso, TOT <pa1<T, 'ITO TaKOH yroA 06pa3ylOT 06MUj:OBO'lHble IlM1TbI, HaOOAfo1..T aa MbICAh, '{TO ee CTpOl1TeAH no KpaHHeH Mepe 3HaAl1 TOAK B TaKH.X aayxax, KaK MaTeMaTl1Ka, TPHrOHOMeTpl1R Vi reOMeTpHR.

<PaKT CyujecTBOBaHH.JI 3afaAO'lHOH rrHpaMHAbl Xeorrca IlOPO>IWer MHO)KeCTBO O'leHh B3>KHhIX BOrrpOCOB. TIO'leMY OHa TaKa5I 60AhllIaJI? 3aqeM rrorpefosaxocs crposrrs ee c raxoii creneasro TC'lHOCm? KaK ee CTPOH.hI1? Cnocofisr AOCTaBKl1 C'I'p0l1TeAbHbIX MaTepl1aAOB K MeeT)' CTpOHTeAhCTBa AO cm nop JlBMIIOTqI npeAMeTOM crropa. AeAaIOTCR 110rrblTKVi AOKa3aTb npanl1AhHOCTh TP3Al1IJ110HHhIX Teop11l1, l1CnOAb3YR MeToAbI, xoropsie, KaK C'lHTaIOT, Ilp11.MeHJIAH rrpu crpoareascrse Ill1paMHAbl. OAHaKO, Vi 06 3TOM CheAY~ HerrpeMeHHO CKa3aTh, Talme CITOC06bI A0Ka33TehhCTBa, KaK nepeB03Ka l1A11 BOAOqeHl1e KaMeHHblX rhbl6 ITO nYCTbIHe - C IJeAMO rrpoAeMOHCTPl1POBaTh, 'lTD TaKl1M 06pa30M HX MQ)KHo 6b1hO AOCTaBl4Th K Mec'ry Ha3Ha'lemHI, - He OqeHh-TO y6eAViTeAbHhI.

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87

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TepP}1TOpt1T1 Erarrra weCTVlAecJITl1.pyrOBYID nupaMl1AY (18,29 M). Eranercxoe npaBUTeJ\hCTBO, CAeAaB pSlA OI'OBOPOK, pa3pelill11l.0 ~nOHgaM nOC'I'pOT1Tb m1paMHAY aa IIAaTO rW3a K roro-BOCTOKY OT ITI1paMHAbI Mnxepaxa, npt1 ee B03B~eHUH OHl1 AOA)KHbI 6b!M1 HCnOAb- 3OBan. 're )Ice MerOAbr, 'ITO U ApeBHHe crporrreaa, OHH He MorM1 nycKaTb B XOA KaMeHb C nAaTO, a TOAbKO U3 l<aM.eHOAOMHT1, OTKy M B ApeBHOCTIi 6blAt1 npaseseasi crpoarexsasre 61l.0KI1. nOCAe OI<OH'laIDUI B03Be,Aemm mtpaMJiAbI RITOHIJbI AOA>KHbI 6bIl!.u paaobpars ee U nepHYTI> '2ffOMY MeC'r'j llepOOHa'laAhHhIi1 BUA-

Corxacasmacs aa nepequCAeHHble ssnne YCAOBHR, RIiOHIJbI 3aWIAUCb Ao6bNew, 06pa6on<oi1, TpaHCflOprruPOBKOi1 OAHOTOHHbIX crpovtTeAbHb[X 6AOK013 W coop}')KemteM J1J Hl1X IllipaMMAbI. flo rrnCbMeHHbIM O'NeTaMl1CWlTbIMq,T1.1l.bMaMMO)KHOCYAUThOTOM,CKaK:I1Mt1TPYAHIr CTJIMU :11M AOBeAOCb Cl'OAKHyThCH. IIepnoe 3aTPYAHeHl1e UX )lW .... 0y>Ke npu ~crroprnpOBJ(e KaMeHHbIX 6AOKOB xepes HvtA. B «Pyramid Prophecies» ( «npt;.\CKa3aHHJI IIUpaMWA» ) Maicc TOT ITWcaA:

KaJldeHHbte z.Abt6bt Becou npuuepno 6 OOHY mOHHY xaxiia« He,M:J:3Jl6blAO nepenpaiiums 'lepeJ HUA ua 6apxe. Mx mpaucnopmupo(3Ka 'tepeJ petey oKa3tUaCb He maKU.M. ~ezKUM iiesos«, KaK npedcmatiuuoc» pauee. V1x 6 xonue KOHtjo6 npuUU!.ocb nepebosum» na napoxoiie.

Ilomou 6pmaiJbl, cocmostuue u cma patioeux K(l.)KO(lJl, numaAUCb 6oAo'lUmb smu KaMHU no necxy - U OHU He CMOlAU ux co(Juteym» c uecma O(l.)Ke na owiiM! Ilputuxoc» npussexumu C06peMeH"we o6opyo06mtue, npU'leM He 6 noes .. eo/iuu pas: KOloa KtlMeH1-tbte lAbt6N uaxoneu Docmaruxu K Mecmy cmpoumesscmsa, patioxue CMOlAU noousm» 6JLD1CU Bcezo suua. 1«1 oi)zm rpym. Ha saxvosumes»:

HOM smane cmpoumesscmsa npu ycmauothce 6Jr..OK06 ucnoxssosaAU xpasc U Bepmoxem' .

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