Scribd
Upload
2K views

Indices and Logarithm Notes

This document provides an intensive revision guide on indices and logarithms. It covers the fundamental concepts of indices and logarithms, laws of indices, types of questions that may appear in exams, and examples of solving exponential and logarithmic equations. The examples demonstrate solving equations involving indices, taking logarithms of both sides, substitution, and expressing parameters in terms of other variables. Three main types of questions are described: exponential equations involving indices, solving logarithmic equations, and expressing parameters in terms of variables.

Uploaded by

pianoisme
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

Indices and Logarithm Notes

This document provides an intensive revision guide on indices and logarithms. It covers the fundamental concepts of indices and logarithms, laws of indices, types of questions that may appear in exams, and examples of solving exponential and logarithmic equations. The examples demonstrate solving equations involving indices, taking logarithms of both sides, substitution, and expressing parameters in terms of other variables. Three main types of questions are described: exponential equations involving indices, solving logarithmic equations, and expressing parameters in terms of variables.

Uploaded by

pianoisme
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Indices and

Logarithms
Intensive Revision Guide

MyHomeuition.com
Indices and Logarithms
Fundamental of Indices Laws of Indices
Zero Index, a =1
0 m
a m+n
a ×a = n

1
Negative Index, a −1 =
a
a m−n
am ÷ an =
a
( ) −1 =
b (a m ) n = a m×n
b a
1 (ab) n = a nb n
Fractional Index an =na
m a n an
an = n am ( ) = n
b b
Fundamental of Logarithm Law of Logarithm
log a N =x ⇔ a =N x
log=a mn log a m + log a n
m
log a a = 1 =
log a log a m − log a n
n
log a mn = n log a m
log a a x = x
Changing the Base
log a 1 = 0 log c b
log a b =
log c a
1
log a b =
log b a

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
Pay Attention ! There are three types of questions in SPM. All questions are compulsory.

Note : Please refer to the formula for logarithms when listening to the video presentation.

Type I (A) Exponential Equation – Indices 3. Solve the equation 272x-1 = 1


1. Solve the equation 9x-2 = 243x+1 9 x+2

[Ans: x = -3] [Ans: x = 1/7]


x-1 x
2. Given that 25(5 ) = 125 , find the value of x.
4. Solve the equation 53x ÷ 25 x+1 = 1 .
125

[Ans: x = 1/2] [Ans: x = -1]

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
Type I (B) Exponential Equation – Take Log both sides 7. Solve the following
5. Solve the equation 32x-1 = 7x. a. 4log x = 5
2

b. 3log x = 81
5

[Ans: x = 4.371] [Ans: (a) x = 5 ; (b) x = 625]


x−2 x +1
6. Solve the equation 3 4 =7 x
Type I (c) Exponential Equation – Substitution
8. Solve the equation 2m-1 + 2m+3 = 272.

[Ans: 1.505] [Ans: m = 5]

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
9. Solve the equation 3x + 3x-2 = 7 Type II -Solving Logarithm equation
11. Solve the equation log3(x + 3) = 2 + log3(x – 5)

[Ans: x = 1.675] [Ans:x = 6]


2x x+3
10. Solve the equation 2 – 2 + 7 = 0. 12. Solve the equation 3 + log2(m - 1) = log5 m

[Ans:x = 0, 2.81] [Ans: m = 8/7]

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
13. Solve the equation log5x = 16logx5 Type III -Express y or A or……in terms of x or B………….
15. Given that log3A – log9B = 2. Express A in terms of B.

[Ans: 625, 1/625] [Ans: A = 9 B ]


14. Solve the equation 2lg3 + lg2x – lg(3x + 1) = 0 16. Given that log5xy = 3 + 2log5x – log5y, express y in
terms of x.

[Ans: x = 1/15] [Ans: y = 125x ]

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
17. Given that log2p = x and log2q = y, express
19. Given that p = 5m and q = 5n, express log  pq  in
2

5 
 16p  in terms of x and y.  25 
log4  
 q  term of m and n.

[Ans: 1 (4 + x - y) ]
2
18. Given that log32=p and log35 = q, express log35 = q,
express log31.35 in term of p and q.

[Ans: 1 m + 2n - 2 ]
[Ans: 3 – q -2p] 2

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote
Indices and Logarithms
20. Given that log2P = a and log2Q = b, express in terms 21. Given that log5x = m and log5y = n, express
of a and/or b,  x6 
a. log2(P3Q2), log5   in term of m and n.
 125y 
 
b. log216P,
c. P,
log2
Q
d. log32P

[Ans: (a) 3a + 2b, (b) 4 + a, (c) 1 a - b , (d) 9 ]


2 5 [Ans: 1 (6m - 3 - n) ]
2

We Make Learning Easy


More notes at http”//www.myhometuition.com/emailnote

You might also like