Ace Ahead Mathematics S & T Volume 1

Exam Practice 6 6. f : x → ln(x – 2), x > 2

1
1. f : x → 2x – 1 , x ∈ R, x ≥ — g : x → –2 ln — x,x>0
2 2
Let f –1(x) = y (a) Rf = (–∞, ∞), Dg = (0, ∞)
f(y) = x R f ⊄ Dg
2y – 1 = x Therefore, gf is not defined.
x2 + 1 (b) Let g–1(x) = y
y = ——— g(y) = x
2
Therefore, f –1 : x → ——— x2 + 1 , y
–2 ln— = x
2 2
Df –1 = {x : x ∈ R, x ≥ 0}, y
ln— = – — x
1} 2 2
Rf –1 = {y : y ∈ R, y ≥ — x
2 y = 2e– —2
2. f : x → e–3x, x ∈ R ln(x – 2) 1
ln———
g : x → 2 – x, x ∈ R g–1 f(x) = g–1[ln(x – 2)] = 2e
– ————
2 = 2e x–2

(a) Let f –1(x) = y 2 ,x>2 y

= ———
f(y) = x x–2
e–3y = x g–1f
–3y = ln x x
y = –— 1 ln x O 2
3
Therefore, f –1(x) = – —1 ln x, x > 0
3
(b) fg(x) = f(2 – x) = e–3(2 – x) 7. f : x → x2 – 6x + 7, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
(a) f –1 exist since f is a one-one function.
3. f : x → 3x – 2, x ∈ R
Let f –1(x) = y
g : x → x3, x ∈ R
f(y) = x
(a) gf(x) = g(3x – 2) = (3x – 2)3
y2 – 6y + 7 = x
(b) Let (gf)–1(x) = y
(y – 3)2 – 9 + 7 = x
gf(y) = x
y=3– x+2
(3y – 2)3 = x
3
Therefore, f –1 : x → 3 – x + 2,
x+2 Df = [x : –2 ≤ x ≤ 7]
y = ———– –1

3 1
—
2 + x3 (b) y
Therefore, (gf)–1(x) = ——— f
3
7
4. f : x → e4x, x ∈ R (–2, 3)
g:x→ x,x≥0
(a) Let f –1(x) = y x
7 f –1
(3, –2)
f(y) = x
e4y = x (c) f –1 is the reflection of f about y = x.
y=— 1 ln x 8. f : x → x + 4, x ∈ R
4
1 ln x, x > 0 g : x → x2 + 2x, x ≥ –1
Therefore, f–1(x) = — (a) fg(x) = f(x2 + 2x) = x2 + 2x + 4, x ≥ –1
4
fg(x) = 12
(b) gf(x) = g(e ) = e = e2x, x ∈ R
4x 4x
x2 + 2x + 4 = 12
(c) Let g–1(x) = y
(x + 4)(x – 2) = 0
g(y) = x
x = –4, 2
y =x
Since x ≥ –1, x = 2
y = x2
fg–1(x) = f(x2) = e4x , x ≥ 0
2
(b) Let f –1(x) = y
f(y) = x
5. (a) Df = {x : x ≥ 2 or x ≤ –2}
y y+4=x
(b)
Therefore, f –1(x) = x – 4, x ∈ R
9. f : x → ln(x + 1), x ≥ 0
g : x → x2 – 2x – 3, x > 1
x (a) Df = [0, ∞], Rg = (–4, ∞)
Rf = [0, ∞) –2 O 2 fg does not exist since Rg ⊄ Df .

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 39 3/27/2008 4:14:28 PM

 Maximal domain of g = [3, ∞) (c) gf(x) = fg(x)
fg(x) = f(x2 – 2x – 3) = ln(x2 – 2x – 3 + 1) |x + 2| = |x| + 2
= ln(x2 – 2x – 2), x ≥ 3 x≥0
(b) Let g–1(x) = y
g(y) = x 13. f : x → 1 + 3e–x, x ∈ R
y2 – 2y – 3 = x

g : x → ln ——–
x–1
3 ,x>1

(y – 1)2 – 1 – 3 = x

= 1 + 3e
x – 1 

3
y–1= x+4 (a) fg(x) = f ln ——– 3 –ln ——–

y=1+ x+4 x–1

3 3
Therefore, g–1(x) = 1 + x + 4, x > –4 = 1 + ——–– = 1 + ——–—
ln
——–


3
3
——–
e x–1
10. f : x → 4 – x, x < 4 x–1
g : x → 3x2, x ∈ R =1+x–1=x
(a) g–1 does not exist because g is not a one- Since f g(x) = x
one function. f –1(x) = g(x)
(b) Rf = (0, ∞), Dg = (–∞, ∞)
gf exist since Rf 傺 Dg
3 ,x>1
Therefore, f –1 : x → ln ——–
x–1

gf(x) = g(4 – x) = 3(4 – x)2, x < 4
Rgf = (0, ∞) (b) y y=x
f

ex – e–x
11. f : x → ———– ,x∈R 4
ex + e–x 1
x
e –e –x
ex + e–x – 2e–x x
f(x) = ———–
x –x = ———–——– O 1
e +e ex + e–x 4
f –1
–x
2e 2
= 1 – ———– = 1 – ——— [shown]
ex + e–x e2x + 1
Rf = (–1, 1) 14. f : x → x + 1 – 1, x ≥ –1
Let f –1(x) = y (a) Let f –1(x) = y
f(y) = x f(y) = x
y+1–1=x
2
1 – ——— =x y + 1 = (x + 1)2
e2y + 1
2 y = (x + 1)2 – 1
1 – x = ——— Therefore, f –1 : x → (x + 1)2 – 1, x ≥ –1
e2y + 1
2 (b) y
e2y + 1 = ——–
1–x f –1 y=x
e2y = ——– 2 – 1 = ———— 2 – 1 + x = ——–
1+x
1–x 1–x 1–x
f
1


y = — ln ——–
2
1 +
1–x
x
 (–1, –1) O
x

Therefore, f–1 : x → —
2

1 ln ——–
1 + x , –1 < x < 1
1–x  f –1 is the reflection of f in the line y = x.
15. f : x → 3 – x, x < 3
12. f : x → x + 2, x ∈ R g : x → 1 + e–x, x ∈ A
g : x → |x|, x ∈ R (a) A = (0, ∞)
(a) Let f–1(x) = y (b) gf(x) = g( 3 – x) = 1 + e– 3–x
,x<3
f(y) = x Rgf = (1, 2)
y+2=x (c) Let (gf)–1(x) = y
y=x–2 gf(y) = x
Therefore, f –1 : x → x – 2, x ∈ R
g does not have an inverse since it is not a 1 + e– 3 – y = x
one-one function. – 3–y = ln(x – 1)
3–y = [ln(x – 1)]2
(b) gf(x) = g(x + 2) = |x + 2| y = 3 – [ln(x – 1)]2
y Therefore, (gf)–1 : x → 3 – [ln(x – 1)]2,
gf
1<x<2
(x + 2)2, x ≥ –2
–2 O
x 16. f(x) =
 2+— a , x < –2
x
If f is continuous at x = –2,

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 40 3/27/2008 4:14:29 PM

 lim f(x) = lim f(x) y 1


x → –2– x → –2+
–3x – 2 , x < – —
2
lim
x → –2–
2 + —ax  4
f(x) = x , x≤x<1
2–x , x≥1
= lim (x + 2)2 2
x → –2 +
y
a = (–2 + 2)2 x (b)
2 + —– –2 O
–2
a=4
1
x + 1, 0 ≤ x < 1


——–
x–2 x
17. f(x) = 2 –—
–—
1 O
1 2
ax2 + 1, x ≥ 1, a ∈ R 3 2

If xlim
→1
f(x) exists,
x + 1 = lim ax2 + 1
lim ——– Rf = (–∞, ∞)
x → 1– x–2 x→1 +

(c) |2x + 1| ≥ |1 – x| + 2x
1+1 =a+1
——– |2x + 1| – |1 + x| –2x ≥ 0
1–2
a = –3 f(x) ≥ 0
f is continuous at x = 1 since From the graph,
f(x) ≥ 0 when x ≥ – — 2 or 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(1) = –2.
x → 1+ x → 1– 3
Hence, the solution set is


x – 2, x < 1
{x : x ≤ – — 2 or 0 ≤ x ≤ 2}
18. f(x) = 0, x=1 3
x, x>1
x – 1, x ≤ 2
lim f(x) = 1 – 2 = –1, lim f(x) = 1
x → 1– x → 1+

Since lim f(x) ≠ lim f(x), f is not continuous

21. f : x →

x + 1, x > 2
x → 1– x → 1+ (a) A horizontal line cuts the graph of f at
at x = 1. y only one point. Therefore, it is a one-one
function.
(b) Let f –1(x) = y Let f –1(x) = y
x f(y) = x f(y) = x
O 1
–1 y–1=x y+1=x
–2 y=x+1 y = x2 – 1
x + 1, x ≤ 2
ex + 2
Therefore, f–1 : x →
 x – 1, x > 2
2


,x<2
19. f(x) = 4 ,x=2 y
f –1
4 + e2 – x, x > 2
(a) lim f(x) = e2 + 2, y=x
x → 2–
2 2 f
lim f(x) = 4 + e – 2 = e + 2
x → 2+
x
Since lim f(x) = lim f(x) ≠ f(2), f is not O
x → 1– x → 1+

continuous at x = 2.
(b) y

x + 1, –1 ≤ x < 0
1 – x, 0 ≤ x < 1
2
e +2
22. f(x) = 2
4
3
2 y
x
O 2 4 + e2 1
x
20. f(x) = |2x + 1| – |1 – x| – 2x –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5

(a) For x < – — 1,

2 Yes, f is a continuous function.
f(x) = –(2x + 1) – (1 – x) – 2x = –3x – 2 23. (a) y (b) y
1 ≤ x < 1, y = f(x)
For – —
2 O
x
(2, –1)
f(x) = (2x + 1) – (1 – x) – 2x = x
For x ≥ 1, y = –f(x)
(2, 1)
f(x) = (2x + 1) + (1 – x) – 2x = 2 – x x
O
Therefore, x=2 x=2

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 41 3/27/2008 4:14:30 PM

 (c) y y = f(x + 1) + 2 25. (a) y

(–a, 3a)
3a

y = f(x + a)
(1, 3)
x
x (–3a, 0) –a O
O
x=1

24. f : x → x2 (b)
y
g : x → x2 + 4x – 1
(a) If g(x) = f(x + a) + b (–3a, 0)
x
g(x) = (x + 2)2 – 4 – 1 = (x + 2)2 – 5 O
y = –2f(x + a)
Therefore, a = 2, b = –5


–2
(b) Translation (–a, –6a)
–5
(c) [–5, ∞)
(d) c = –2
(e) y g(x)
y=x

g–1(x)
x
O
(–5, –2)

(–2, –5)

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ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 42 3/27/2008 4:14:31 PM