Kpds 2008 Kasimingilizce

A
KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008

5. Dublin is a fairly easy city to ---- because of its
1. – 15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yer- frequent and efficient bus and underground
lere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulu- services.
nuz.
A) get around B) make over C) set up
1. Good leadership is about tackling big challenges,
and the first and most important step in this D) get on E) go with
process is recognizing which ---- should take
precedence over the others.
A) obsessions B) debates
C) emissions D) candidates
6. The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this year due to
E) issues
the continuing risk of disruption in the Middle
East, which ---- for one-third of global production.
A) surges / accounted
B) had surged / has accounted
2. By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was C) has surged / accounts
little more than a ---- federation of the German
D) surged / had accounted
princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor.
E) will surge / could have accounted
A) negotiable B) current
C) prescriptive D) loose
E) recurrent
7. At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict

citizenship requirements that ---- the country’s
Russian minority from gaining citizenship.
3. Roman numerals are expressed by letters of the A) relaxes / kept

alphabet and are ---- used today except for
B) had relaxed / have kept
formality or variety.
C) has relaxed / were keeping
A) courteously B) arguably
D) relaxed / had kept
C) consecutively D) equivalently
E) will relax / are keeping
E) rarely
8. An ideal anticancer drug ---- cancer cells without

harming normal cells, but no such drug ----.
4. The Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the South China
A) would destroy / exists
Sea are increasingly seen as potential trouble
zones that could ---- energy supplies from the B) destroyed / existed
Middle East to Asia.
C) may have destroyed / has existed
A) increase B) disrupt C) consume
D) has destroyed / had existed
D) involve E) expand
E) had destroyed / would exist
Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.
1
A
9. Despite the official ban ---- demonstrations, 2008 13. Algeria is particularly keen to increase its gas
has seen Egyptians take to the streets ---- exports ---- OPEC production quotas restrict its
massive numbers on several occasions. oil exports.
A) about / by B) for / with A) since B) so that C) as if
C) over / at D) of / through D) that E) whereas
E) on / in
10. According to the generally accepted plate-

tectonics theory, scientists believe that Earth’s
surface is broken ---- a number of shifting plates,
which average ---- 50 miles in thickness.
A) up / above B) at / for
14. In the early twentieth century, the motor car was
C) down / beyond D) into / about one of the first major consumer products to be
---- mass produced ---- mass marketed.
E) of / below
A) such / as B) more / than C) so / as
D) as / as E) both / and
11. The island groups in the Pacific are often called

“Oceania,” ---- this name does not imply that they
are the remains of a continent.
A) whether B) but C) just as
D) whereby E) so that
15. The body’s immune system attacks and

eliminates ---- bacteria and other foreign
substances ---- cancer cells.
12. ---- most people who commit suicide are
depressed, having depression correctly A) not only / but also B) rather / than
diagnosed and treated is the most important step
towards preventing suicide. C) such / that D) as well as / and
A) As long as B) Although C) Because E) just as / as
D) Even if E) Unless
2
A
16. – 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numa- 21. – 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numa-
ralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz. ifadeyi bulunuz.
Nearly fifteen years after South Africa’s democratic The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th
overthrow of apartheid, the country is facing growing century. (21) ---- its slim shape and flat underside, the
(16) ---- over the rise of “economic apartheid” and the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s
way it (17) ---- millions of South Africans in the same, narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a
if not a worsening economic position than they (22) ---- leftward curve to prevent it from going
endured prior to 1994. (18) ---- South African around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the
government statistics, the average black household boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it
has become 15% poorer over the last fourteen years, (23) ---- that all gondolas should be black to stop
while an average white household has seen its people from making an (24) ---- show of their wealth.
wealth grow (19) ---- some 19%. There has been a Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (25) ----
20% decrease in the income of the poorest 50% of taken only by tourists.
South Africans, and black South Africans have lost
(20) ---- two million jobs over the same period.
21.
16. A) About B) With C) Through
A) interest B) demand D) From E) Along
C) encouragement D) criticism
E) threat 22.
A) slight B) habitual C) relevant
17. D) cheerful E) favourable
A) is leaving B) had left
C) would have left D) left 23.
E) was leaving A) has been decided
18. B) decided
A) Because of B) According to C) was decided
C) Instead of D) In addition to D) would have decided
E) Contrary to E) had decided
19. 24.
A) through B) for C) in A) ostentatious B) affluent
D) with E) by C) adjacent D) omnipresent
E) inescapable
20.
A) yet B) mostly C) hardly 25.
D) nearly E) also A) possibly B) obviously C) seldom
D) usually E) definitely
3
A
28. During the Cold War, even as they prepared to
26. – 35. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun destroy one another, ----.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) the West has always sought opportunities to
26. If Iran were to go nuclear, ----. make peace with the Soviet Union
A) Russia and China did their best to stop it B) the United States and the Soviet Union had been
involved in a constructive dialogue
B) the United States may have taken preventive
action C) Britain has imported enormous quantities of
timber from the Soviet Union
C) other countries in the region would follow suit
D) the West and the Soviet Union struck deals and
D) the UN Security Council sanctions need to be traded in energy
enacted without delay
E) the Soviet Union contributes a great deal to
E) it can fire hundreds of missiles at Israel China’s economic development
27. ---- after strong winds and a heatwave started 29. ---- because they were continually forced to
dozens of forest fires. defend their own conquests against other
invaders.
A) Many villages in the area will be evacuated
A) The Romans did not usually impose heavy tax
B) No precautions had been taken burdens on the cities they conquered
C) The government would have set up a special B) The geography of the Italian peninsula had a
team of fire fighters decisive influence on Rome’s development
D) Many fire fighting teams will have been called in C) The Romans were descended from various Indo-
European peoples that had crossed the Alps into
E) Last summer, Athens was engulfed in thick Italy during the second millennium B.C.
smoke
D) The Romans were a sternly military society
almost from the moment they settled on Italian
soil
E) The Romans looked to their gods to bestow

upon their households and their city the
blessings of prosperity, victory, and fertility
4
A
30. ---- that they influenced cultures across the 32. ----, it does not necessarily produce peace,
Mediterranean. equality, or homogeneity.
A) Phoenician textiles commanded a high price A) If a key feature of globalization has been the
everywhere their merchants went transformation of the world economy
B) The Phoenicians may have played an important B) Just as globalization has radically altered
role in introducing urban life into the Greek world patterns of trade around the world
C) Phoenician cities oriented themselves towards C) Whenever globalization has forced the
the sea reorganization of economic enterprises
D) The Phoenicians became famous as merchants D) Since globalization suggests a uniform process,
and seafarers one that operates similarly everywhere
E) The widespread colonial and mercantile efforts E) Although globalization means worldwide
of the Phoenicians meant economic integration
31. Economic as well as social problems plagued 33. Everyone knows ----.
Europe during the 1970s and 1980s ----.
A) that the politics of oil is crucial to life in the
A) but these problems had actually begun much Middle East
earlier
B) whether to the Arabs oil means the vast
B) because new industries continued to prosper petroleum reserves lying under the desert sands
C) in case the West German growth rate would slow C) if in the Middle East oil is a precious source of
down wealth and all too often a cause for war
D) whereas seven hundred thousand French D) since non-OPEC oil producers currently account
workers had been laid off for 58% of total production
E) unless demand for manufactured goods fell E) as Iraqi crude oil exports in 2007 were more than
sharply 5% lower than in 2006
5
A
34. According to a report released by the US Secret
Service, the Middle East is one of the world’s 36. – 40. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye
hotspots ----. anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
A) as there are other conspiracy theories emanating 36. In 1979, when its alliance with Great Britain
from the region ended, Malta sought to guarantee its neutrality
through agreements with other countries.
B) whether Iran and Syria are actively engaged in
economic warfare against the US A) Malta, İngiltere ile ittifakının sona erdiği 1979’da,
başka ülkelerle antlaşmalar yaparak tarafsızlığını
C) when it comes to counterfeit US currency güvence altına almaya çalışmıştır.
D) while the Iranian government dismisses charges B) Malta, 1979’da İngiltere ile ittifakına son vererek,
of collaboration with counterfeiters tarafsızlığını güvence altına almak için birçok ül-
ke ile antlaşmalar yapmıştır.
E) although there is a conspiracy to undermine the
US economy through counterfeit currency C) Tarafsızlığını güvence altına almak amacıyla çe-
şitli ülkelerle antlaşmalar yapan Malta, İngiltere
ile olan ittifakına 1979’da son verdi.
D) İngiltere ile olan ittifakı 1979’da sona eren Malta,

başka ülkelerle antlaşmalar yapmış ve tarafsızlı-
ğını güvence altına almıştır.
E) Çeşitli ülkelerle antlaşmalar yaparak tarafsızlığını

güvence altına alan Malta, İngiltere ile olan ittifa-
kını 1979’da bitirmiştir.
35. Few figures in Western history have held the

attention of the world ----.
A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious interests in

history, law, and mathematics
B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of his

rule in France
C) because Napoleon’s character seemed suited to

the age in which he lived
D) since Napoleon’s particular strength as a leader

lay in his capacity for inspiring others
E) just as Napoleon believed that he was destined

to be the saviour of France
6
A
37. In February 1994, the US lifted its trade embargo 39. Albania remained under Turkish rule for more
on Vietnam, which had been in place since it than four hundred years until it proclaimed its
entered the war. independence on 28 November 1912.
A) ABD, savaşa girdiğinden beri Vietnam üzerinde A) Arnavutluk, dört yüz yıl Türk yönetiminde kaldık-
uyguladığı ticaret ablukasını ancak Şubat 1994’ tan sonra, 28 Kasım 1912’de bağımsızlığına ka-
te kaldırabilmiştir. vuşmuştur.
B) ABD’nin Şubat 1994’te Vietnam üzerinden kal- B) Dört yüz yıldan daha fazla Türk yönetiminde
dırdığı ticaret ablukası, savaşa girdiği yıldan beri kalmış olan Arnavutluk, bağımsızlığını 28 Ka-
uygulanmaktaydı. sım 1912’de elde etmiştir.
C) 1994 Şubat’ında Vietnam üzerinden kaldırılan C) Bağımsızlığına 28 Kasım 1912’de kavuşan

ticaret ablukasını, ABD, savaşa girdikten sonra Arnavutluk, dört yüz yılı aşkın bir süre Türk
uygulamaya başlamıştı. yönetiminde kalmıştır.
D) ABD, Şubat 1994’te, savaşa girdiğinden beri D) Arnavutluk, her ne kadar bağımsızlığını 28 Ka-
Vietnam üzerinde uygulamış olduğu ticaret sım 1912’de elde etmişse de, dört yüz yıldan faz-
ablukasını kaldırmıştır. la bir süre Türk yönetiminde kalmıştır.
E) Şubat 1994’te Vietnam üzerinden kaldırılan E) Arnavutluk, 28 Kasım 1912’de bağımsızlığını ilân
ticaret ablukası, ABD’nin savaşa girmesinden edinceye kadar, dört yüz yıldan fazla Türk yöne-
beri uygulanıyordu. timinde kalmıştır.
38. In Egypt, a number of oil deposits have been

discovered in recent years, but it is unlikely that
oil will play a major role in the country’s economy
in the near future.
A) Son yıllarda Mısır’da birçok petrol yatakları keş-

fedilmiştir, ancak petrolün, yakın gelecekte ülke
ekonomisinde önemli bir rol oynaması muhtemel
değildir.
B) Mısır’da son yıllarda birtakım petrol havzaları

bulunmuş olsa da petrolün, ülke ekonomisinde
yakın gelecekte oynayacağı rol çok önemli ol-
mayacaktır.
C) Son yıllarda Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın

gelecekte önemli rol oynaması muhtemel olan
pek çok petrol havzası keşfedilmiştir.
D) Son yıllarda Mısır’da keşfedilen petrol yatakları-

nın, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte önemli
bir rol oynaması ihtimal dışındadır.
E) Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte

önemli bir rol oynaması muhtemel olmayan
petrol yatakları son yıllarda ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
7
A
40. The lungs are particularly prone to allergic
reactions because they are exposed to large 41. – 45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye
quantities of airborne antigens, including dusts, anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
pollens, and chemicals.
41. Sürücüsüz metroları, kişi başına düşen 25.200
A) Akciğerler, toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil hava- dolarlık millî geliri ve tıkır tıkır işleyen ticaret mer-
dan gelen çeşitli antijenlere fazlasıyla açık olduk- kezleri ile Singapur, Asya’nın en Batılılaşmış şe-
ları için alerjik reaksiyonlardan çok etkilenirler. hirleri arasındadır.
B) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile gelen pek A) With its driverless subways, $25,200 per capita
çok antijene açık olan akciğerler, alerjik reaksi- income and smoothly running business centres,
yonlara oldukça yatkındırlar. Singapore is among the most westernized cities
in Asia.
C) Alerjik reaksiyonlara fazlasıyla yatkın olan akci-
ğerler, hava ile taşınan toz, polen ve kimyasalla- B) One of the most westernized cities in Asia is
rın da arasında bulunduğu çok sayıda antijene Singapore, for it has driverless subways,
açıktırlar. $25,200 per capita income and smoothly running
business centres.
D) Akciğerler alerjik reaksiyonlara özellikle yatkın-
dır, çünkü toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil hava ile C) It is because of the driverless subways, $25,200
taşınan büyük miktardaki antijenlere açıktırlar. per capita income and smoothly running
business centres that Singapore is one of the
E) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile taşınan most westernized cities in Asia.
pek çok antijen, daima bunlara açık olan akciğer-
lerde alerjik reaksiyonlara yol açar. D) Singapore remains the most westernized city in
Asia with driverless subways, $25,200 per capita
income and smoothly running business centres.
E) The reason why Singapore is regarded as one of

the most westernized cities in Asia is that it has
driverless subways, $25,200 per capita income
and smoothly running business centres.
8
A
42. Çevredeki değişikliklerin, beyinlerimizde zamanın 43. İster kendinden emin büyük çocuk, ister çok yön-
öznel biçimde algılanmasına nasıl yol açtığı so- lü ortanca çocuk olun, aile içindeki konumunuz iş
rusu, ruhbilimcileri ve beyin araştırmacılarını dü- seçiminizden evliliğinizin ne kadar başarılı oldu-
şündürmeye devam etmektedir. ğuna kadar her şeyi etkileyebilir.
A) Psychologists and brain researchers have A) Everything, from your choice of career to the
recently started to wonder how changes in the success of your marriage, is determined by
environment cause the brain to experience time whether you were born as a confident first child
subjectively. or as a resourceful younger child.
B) The question of how changes in the environment B) No matter what your position in the family may
give rise to the subjective experience of time in be, your choice of career and the success of
our brains continues to preoccupy psychologists your marriage depend highly on whether you
and brain researchers. have been a confident elder child or a
resourceful middle child.
C) How changes in the environment can lead to the
subjective experience of time in our brains is a C) Whether you are a confident first-born or a
matter of discussion among psychologists and resourceful middle child, your position in the
brain researchers. family can affect everything from your choice of
career to how successful your marriage is.
D) The subjective time experience of our brains
resulting from environmental changes has long D) It seriously matters, both as regards your career
been a controversial issue among psychologists and the success of your marriage, whether you
and brain researchers. were born the confident elder child or the
resourceful middle child of the family.
E) The reasons behind the subjective perception of
time by the brain have not yet been explained by E) Even if you are a confident first child rather than
psychologists or brain researchers. a resourceful middle child, everything from your
choice of career to how successful your marriage
is will be affected by your position in the family.
9
A
44. Eğer Rusya ve Amerika’nın yoğun nükleer silah-
larını ortadan kaldırmak için daha fazla bir şey ya- 46. – 51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parça-
pılmazsa, Kuzey Kutup bölgesi yeniden bir nük- da anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirile-
leer cephe haline gelebilir. bilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
A) Unless further steps are taken to dismantle their 46. Logistics as a business concept began to gain
extensive nuclear arms, the Arctic may become ground in the 1950s, particularly in the US. This
a nuclear front again for Russia and the US. was because, as businesses expanded and
reached out both to far-flung markets and
B) If nothing further is done to dismantle the sources of materials, the need for expert
extensive Russian and US nuclear arms, the logisticians became imperative. Logisticians
Arctic could once again become a nuclear front. applied their own ingenuity to create companies
that aimed to deliver the right item in the right
C) In order for the Arctic to become a nuclear front
quantity at the right time in the right place for the
again, something must be done to reduce the
right price. ----. Indeed, with increasing
vast amount of nuclear weapons of Russia and
globalization and ever longer and more complex
the US.
supply chains, logistics companies have become
D) Whether or not the Arctic is to become a nuclear ever more sophisticated and adaptable.
front again, Russia and the US must reduce their
A) The US has led the way in the development of
nuclear arms.
efficient logistical systems
E) Should Russian and US plans for turning the
B) No region in the world requires efficient logistics
Arctic once more into a nuclear front be put into
more urgently than Africa does
effect, both countries will have to reduce the
amount of nuclear power. C) Logistics is considered one of the most important
aspects of military campaigns
D) The problems of the logistics industry have not

been clearly identified yet
E) These aims have not changed, but the world has
45. Gladyatör dövüşleri ilk kez Roma’da, M.Ö. 264

yılında, Junius Brutus’un oğulları tarafından ba-
balarının anısına düzenlenmiştir.
A) Gladiator fights were first organized in Rome in

the year 264 B.C. by the sons of Junius Brutus in
memory of their father.
B) The gladiator fights, which were held in Rome in

264 B.C. for the first time, were organized by the
sons of Junius Brutus as they wanted to
commemorate their father.
C) The sons of Junius Brutus, who organized

gladiator fights in Rome in the year 264 B.C. for
the first time, did so in memory of their father.
D) Gladiator fights date back to 264 B.C., when the

sons of Junius Brutus first organized a ritual of
sacrifice in Rome in memory of their father.
E) The origin of gladiator fights goes back to 264

B.C., when the sons of Junius Brutus wished to
honour the memory of their father in this way in
Rome.
10
A
47. The year 1960 seemed golden and full of promise. 48. St. Petersburg is not just a city of names and
Despite nearly constant international tension, movements. It is also a city of bridges, with more
everyday life in Europe and North America of them than any other city in the whole world.
seemed to be improving. Economies recovered, With its 101 islands, it is also worthy of the title
many standards of living rose, and new forms of “city of islands.” Not only that, but it has enough
culture flourished. The economic horizon looked canals to compete with Venice, Amsterdam, and
bright. ----. Western Europeans could no longer Stockholm. ----. As Dostoevsky’s hero puts it, “It
be so certain of their prosperity or of their is the most abstract and fantastic city on earth.”
leaders’ ability to provide the sort of life they took
for granted. A) But most of all St. Petersburg is a city of culture,
of literature and poetry in particular
A) Legal changes would not have occurred without
women’s movements of the time B) There are a total of 539 bridges, including 315 in
the city centre
B) These changes marked a new culture of mass
consumption boosted by marketing, advertising, C) The sports facilities and activities in it cannot go
and credit payment unnoticed
C) However, by 1990, most of the familiar D) The people of St. Petersburg are offered various
landscape had been dramatically transformed educational opportunities
D) The civil rights movement in the US had E) A considerable number of painters and sculptors
enormous significance for the twentieth century have lived there, too
E) The most serious outbreak of student unrest in

Europe came in Paris in the spring of 1968
11
A
49. Despite numerous intellectual and literary 50. World War II left Europe a land of wreckage and
advances, the longest-lived achievements of the confusion. Millions of refugees travelled
Italian Renaissance were made in the realm of art. hundreds or thousands of miles on foot to return
Of all the arts, painting was undoubtedly to their homes while others were forcibly
supreme. Although Giotto was the great artistic displaced from their lands. ----. Food remained in
genius around 1300, it was not until the fifteenth dangerously short supply, and even a year after
century that Italian painting began to come fully the war roughly 100 million people in Europe still
of age. ----. Fifteenth-century artists also lived on less than 1,500 calories per day.
experimented with effects of light and shade and,
for the first time, carefully studied the anatomy A) In some areas housing was practically
and proportions of the human body. nonexistent, with no available means to build
anew
A) From about 1450 until about 1600 Italian thought
was dominated by a school of Neo-Platonists, B) The Soviet campaign to control eastern Europe
who sought to blend Platonism with Christianity did not go unchallenged
B) One reason for this was that, in the early C) Historians estimate that in World War II nearly 50
fifteenth century, the laws of linear perspective million people died
were discovered and first employed to give the
fullest sense of three dimensions D) Even more than World War I, World War II
involved the combined efforts of whole
C) Sixteenth-century Italian writers, such as populations
Machiavelli, Ariosto, Tasso, and Sannazaro,
were also highly accomplished creators of E) Since industry was essential to winning the war,
imaginative prose and verse centres of industry became vital military targets
D) Perhaps the greatest of the Florentine artists

was Leonardo da Vinci, one of the most versatile
geniuses who ever lived
E) Most Venetian painters showed little of the

Florentine school’s concerns with philosophical
and psychological issues
12
A
51. Western perceptions of the Middle East as a 53. A friend is being posted to rather a remote part of
viable tourist destination have been adversely the world, for two years, to carry out some
affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US, research. You hear that his wife feels very
the subsequent war on terrorism, and the war in reluctant to go. You want to awaken in her a more
Iraq. Indeed, the impact of the 9/11 attacks upon positive approach to the people and culture of the
the tourist sector in the region has been area where the husband has been posted. So you
profound. ----. North Africa in general and Tunisia say:
in particular have fared comparatively well, but
Morocco has suffered badly. A) Take your computer with you and then you won’t
feel so cut off from the rest of the world.
A) Morocco is already one of the biggest tourist
destinations in the Middle East and North Africa, B) Don’t worry; after a time you’ll find you’ve got
drawing 2.25 million visitors a year used to the conditions there.
B) Especially, the effect on visitor numbers has C) What’s worrying you? Is it the language?
been decisive although it has varied
considerably from country to country D) What a wonderful opportunity to meet different
people and watch a completely different way of
C) Morocco has a better developed domestic beach life from close quarters.
culture than probably anywhere else in the
Middle East or North Africa E) The secret is: keep busy. Then you won’t have
time to get bored.
D) The target of 10 million visitors a year by 2010
may have been a little over-optimistic, although
Egypt has made huge investments
E) Some of the driest parts of Morocco lie on the

coast, and so one feasible option is to pipe water
there from the Atlas Mountains
52. – 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylen-

miş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
54. A colleague has started to spend rather too
lavishly and got herself into debt. But this doesn’t
52. In the workplace a friend is very disappointed seem to worry her and she continues to buy very
because someone else has been promoted to the expensive and quite unnecessary things. One day
position she felt she deserved. She is also you happen to see her on the point of buying
extremely angry and talking of giving in her shoes she doesn’t need and run across to stop
resignation. You feel this would be very unwise, her. You say to her firmly:
and say:
A) Are you sure you can afford them?
A) Don’t do anything while you are so angry; you
may regret it later. B) Think it over and come back tomorrow.
B) Of course you’re angry. You deserved to be C) Yes. They’re quite nice, but there’s really nothing
promoted. special about them.
C) After all, you are better qualified than anyone D) Let’s go and have a coffee somewhere and
else here. discuss the problem.
D) Don’t you enjoy working here? I always thought E) No, you don’t! You’ve got to give up this reckless
you did. spending!
E) If you want to resign, do: there’s no one stopping
you!
13
A
55. Your niece has been for an interview for a post. 57. A friend has been over-working for months and
She very much wanted the job on offer, but has has been losing weight and sleeping badly. You
been turned down. Learning that this was her decide to really shock her into taking care of
first-ever interview, you want to help restore her herself on the principle that sometimes you have
confidence and give her some practical advice. to be cruel to be kind, and say:
So, you say:
A) Get away from it all for a weekend. Go to a nice
A) The person who is giving the interview should try quiet place in the country.
to put you at your ease.
B) Why are you driving yourself like this?
B) I’m sorry to hear that you were turned down.
C) There should be more to life than making money!
C) Don’t worry. This was your first interview. You
need some practice in being interviewed! Apply D) I suggest you look after yourself well.
for lots of posts and go to lots of interviews.
E) You’re killing yourself by working too much.
D) Were the questions he asked really all that Besides, you’re really neglecting your family!
difficult?
E) What did you do wrong at this interview? Did you

feel you were being treated unfairly?
56. Your sister is about to buy her first car, and 58. – 63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okun-
wants your advice. You realize she is attracted to duğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan
rather large and luxury-class models. You decide cümleyi bulunuz.
to give her a practical reason for choosing
something smaller, and say:
58. (I) The brain’s functions are both mysterious and
A) I’d love to drive a car like that. remarkable. (II) From the brain come all thoughts,
beliefs, memories, behaviours, and moods. (III) The
B) What do you want a big car like that for? brain is the site of thinking and the control centre for
the rest of the body. (IV) Before performing a physical
C) That’s a difficult car for a learner driver. examination, the doctor interviews the patient to
obtain his or her medical history. (V) The brain
D) Parking big cars like that is always a problem. coordinates the ability to move, touch, smell, hear,
and see.
E) Cars like that are for experienced drivers only!
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
14
A
59. (I) Most episodes of illness with a fever in children 61. (I) Since 1988, when China delivered intermediate-
are caused by viral infections, although bacterial range ballistic missiles and missile launchers to
infections can also produce a fever. (II) The first Saudi Arabia, there has been genuine concern that
symptom of a severe eye infection is usually swollen China may have been trying to buy into the lucrative
and red eyelids. (III) In fact, it is often hard to Gulf arms market. (II) However, there has been no
distinguish a bacterial infection from a viral infection. evidence of further significant arms deals between
(IV) Though bacterial infections can be serious, they China and the Gulf since that time. (III) On the other
usually respond readily to antibiotics. (V) Prompt hand, since the 1990s, China has enjoyed a healthy
diagnosis of a bacterial infection is thus important to trade in military equipment with Iran. (IV) In 2005
ensure prompt treatment. Saudi Arabia supplied China with 17% of its imported
oil needs. (V) Obviously, this has caused a great deal
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V of worry in the other Gulf states about the military
imbalance that exists between themselves and Iran,
an imbalance that China has been instrumental in
creating.
62. (I) Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within

Earth’s interior that continuously affect its surface.
(II) The energy from these forces is stored in a variety
60. (I) Devaluation of the Jamaican dollar made of ways within the rocks. (III) Although the Richter
Jamaican products more competitive on the world Scale has no upper limit, the largest known shocks
market, and the country achieved record growth in have had magnitudes in the 8.8 to 8.9 range.
tourism and agriculture. (II) Jamaica was inhabited by (IV) When this energy is released suddenly by
Arawak Indians when Columbus explored it in 1494 rupturing movements along faults in the crust of
and named it St. Iago. (III) It remained under Spanish Earth, an earthquake results. (V) The area of the fault
rule until 1655, when it became a British possession. where the sudden rupture takes place is called the
(IV) In the following decades disease decimated the focus of the earthquake, while the point on Earth’s
Arawaks. (V) As a result, slaves were brought from surface directly above the focus is called the
Africa to work on the sugar plantations. epicentre of the earthquake.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
15
A
63. (I) The average salt concentration in the oceans at 65. By all accounts, the operation was a success, but
the present time is around 35 grams per litre of sea the period of recuperation looks like being a long
water. (II) Geological evidence shows that this figure one.
has remained constant for the last 1.5 billion years.
(III) Actually, this means that the oceans must lose A) So long as the operation is carried out
nearly three billion tons of salt each year to balance successfully, the period of recuperation that
the amount that enters them. (IV) Suggested follows will be short.
mechanisms for this process include loss through sea
spray, chemical reactions at the sea floor, biological B) Even if the operation is successful, it will be a
activity, and the formation of salt deposits on land. long time before he gets back to normal.
(V) It is true that floating ice would not change sea
levels if it melted. C) Since the operation was only a partial success,
we mustn’t expect a speedy recovery.
D) The operation was a huge success, so he is
expected to be back to normal almost at once.
E) The operation apparently went off well, but quite

some time may be required for him to recover
fully.
64. – 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca

en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
66. Everyone seems to be on edge these days, but

64. Actually, I try to keep out of her way because,
with the elections so near that is hardly
whenever I do run into her, she pesters me for a
surprising.
loan.
A) The approaching elections seem to have caused
A) Whatever you do, don’t ever give her a loan or
a higher than average amount of friction between
you’ll find yourself forced to lend her money
people.
every time she asks for it.
B) As elections are drawing near, we can expect
B) Even so, it’s best to keep out of her way, if you
such displays of bad-temper.
can, as she takes every available opportunity to
get money out of you. C) The approach of the elections is no excuse for
such displays of bad-temper.
C) As a matter of fact, I avoid her as much as
possible since, if we ever do happen to meet, D) Nowadays tempers everywhere are frayed,
she’s sure to work on me to lend her money. which, I suppose, is only natural, with election
day so close.
D) Even so, I prefer not to risk a meeting with her as
I know she will do her best to make me lend her E) With elections so close it’s essential that
the money. everyone makes an effort to stay calm.
E) I’d rather not put myself in a position to be forced
to lend her money again.
16
A
67. If the film focuses on terrorism, it is not likely to 69. Leonardo da Vinci forged close friendships with a
attract large audiences. wide variety of people, from humble apprentices
to the king of France.
A) Films that focus on terrorism are not as popular
as they used to be. A) Leonardo da Vinci had some close friends, who
mainly included apprentices and also the king of
B) If terrorism is central to the film, it probably won’t France.
achieve much popularity.
B) Among the few people Leonardo da Vinci
C) As the film touches on terrorism we can’t expect regarded as his friends were some poor
it to be popular. apprentices as well as the king of France.
D) Unless there is at least a background of C) Leonardo da Vinci was very fond of his friends,
terrorism to the film, it won’t be a hit. who in fact consisted of the French king and
some poor apprentices.
E) If you want the film to be a box-office success,
choose any subject but terrorism. D) Leonardo da Vinci had a wide range of close
friends, including poor apprentices and also the
king of France.
E) The king of France and a number of apprentices

were the only people who made friends with
Leonardo da Vinci.
70. – 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş

68. People have usually assumed that this mountain bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bu-
village was abandoned because easier living lunuz.
conditions were available elsewhere.
A) The prospect of better living conditions in 70. James :

another place must have tempted the inhabitants - Have you been to the Dali exhibition?
to desert this mountain village.
Rodney :
B) Apparently, people abandoned this mountain - ----
village, tempted by the prospect of a better way
of life elsewhere. James :
- Why is that?
C) It must have been hard to make a livelihood in
this mountain village, so people opted out and Rodney :
went in search of an easier way of life. - I don’t like being caught up in a crowd when I’m
looking at paintings.
D) The mountain village was presumably
abandoned when people realized that easier A) I certainly have. And I hope to go again soon.
conditions were on offer elsewhere.
B) Not yet. I don’t go to such exhibitions till they’ve
E) It has generally been presumed that people been going for some time.
deserted this mountain village because there
was the prospect of a pleasanter way of life in C) I was there at the opening. What about you?
another place.
D) Yes. I was surprised at how few large paintings
there were.
E) Of course. And it was quite an experience.
17
A
71. Clare : 73. Steve :
- What’s the matter with you? You’re not your - According to this latest report on Afghanistan,
usual self! it’s not safe for aid agencies to work there.
Kate : Ken :
- I know I’m not. This report I’m doing is getting - How come? There is a strong NATO force there
me down. to provide security.
Clare : Steve :
- ---- - ----
Kate : Ken :
- No; thank goodness. But the deadline is near. - So, it seems that the NATO-led attempts to
bring peace to this country have already failed.
A) So that’s the trouble. Is there still much left to be
done? A) You know that the aims of the NATO intervention
in this country have been clearly defined.
B) The trouble with you is that you’re a perfectionist.
B) Indeed, northern Afghanistan remains
C) When are you expected to hand it in? reasonably peaceful and open to trade.
D) Would you like me to go over it for you? C) Sure, but a large part of the country, especially
the troublesome southern parts, are controlled
E) But it was nearly finished last week, wasn’t it? by rebel groups.
D) In fact, for this country to achieve peace and

security, there is an urgent need for more foreign
involvement.
72. Fred : E) Actually, several nations have helped to build
- Have you read this article on the economies of roads, bridges, and other important facilities.
the Middle Eastern countries?
Mike :
- No, not yet. Anything interesting in it?
Fred :
- ----
Mike :
- That’s to be expected. After all, Iran is the
second-largest producer of oil in OPEC.
A) Well, Iran’s nuclear aims seem to have

increased international tension.
B) To my surprise, 50% of Iran’s revenue comes

from its oil exports.
C) Clearly, the global economy is suffering heavily

from the current US economic crisis.
D) Just one point: every day, the world spends

around $5.5 billion at current price levels on
crude oil purchases.
E) It seems that China, India, and Japan have

become the primary markets for the Middle
East’s oil and gas.
18
A
74. Tim : 75. Liz :
- A recent study has found that, in the oil- - Do you think the Russian invasion of Georgia
producing Arab countries in the Middle East, a will do lasting damage to Russia’s relations
quarter of the population lives below the with the EU?
poverty line, defined by the World Bank as
earning less than $2 per day. Brian :
- In the short term, tensions will be high, but
Tony : before long things will settle down smoothly
- Unbelievable. Despite record oil profits for again.
those countries?
Liz :
Tim : - How can you be so positive?
- ----
Brian :
Tony : - ----
- In that case, one can say that Arab
governments have been negligent of their social A) Russia’s decision last year to reduce gas
responsibility. supplies to Europe was based on economic
considerations rather than on any political aim.
A) Yes, indeed. In fact, this clearly shows that the
current oil boom has not benefited the average B) Russia has always shown a keen interest in
Arab citizen at all. European politics and often tries to influence it to
its own advantage.
B) It is true that higher oil prices allow governments
to avoid making difficult decisions. C) The response of France has been to construct
several new nuclear power stations.
C) Moreover, massive infrastructure and housing
projects have been undertaken. D) If we’re to live side by side, there must be a good
measure of trust.
D) So far, open economies have done much better
than the closed ones. E) Very simple. Russia needs European goods and
technology as much as Europe needs Russian
E) For instance, in the Gulf states, rising real estate gas.
prices have pushed up rents and housing costs.
19
A
77. One gathers from the passage that, in the
76. – 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre Hellenistic Age, ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) Aristotle’s writings and the works of other
The major sciences of the Hellenistic Age were philosophers were edited and published
astronomy, mathematics, geography, medicine, and
physics. The most renowned of the early Hellenistic B) astronomy was the science which received the
astronomers was Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 most attention
B.C.), sometimes called the “Hellenistic Copernicus.”
C) all astronomers held the same views about the
His primary accomplishment was his deduction that
Sun and the planets
the Earth and the other planets revolve around the
Sun. This view was not accepted by his successors D) astronomy was just one of several sciences to
because it conflicted with the teachings of Aristotle be studied seriously
and also with the Greek conviction that humanity, and
therefore the Earth, must be at the centre of the E) it was commonly accepted that Aristarchus’s
universe. Later, in the second century A.D., ideas had mainly derived from Aristotle
Aristarchus’s fame was overshadowed by that of
Ptolemy of Alexandria. Although Ptolemy made few
original discoveries, he systematized the works of
others. His principal writing, The Almagest, based on
the view that all heavenly bodies revolve around the
Earth, was handed down to medieval Europe as the
classic summary of ancient astronomy.
78. It is clear from the passage that, with his view of

76. According to the passage, it was Ptolemy of the universe, Aristarchus ----.
Alexandria who ----.
A) opened the way for the study of astronomy as a
A) adequately summarized in his Almagest science
Aristarchus’s ideas on astronomy
B) was only repeating the traditional Greek idea
B) was greatly inspired by Aristarchus’s heliocentric
view of the universe C) did not differ from other Hellenistic astronomers
C) fundamentally shaped the European D) had much influence on his contemporaries

understanding of astronomy for the Middle Ages
E) made an unprecedented breakthrough in
D) first studied and explained in The Almagest the astronomy
movements of all the planets
E) contributed extensively to the development of

astronomy as a science
20
A
79. It is pointed out in the passage that the Greeks 80. One understands from the passage that
----. Aristarchus’s reputation as an astronomer ----.
A) regarded the Earth as the centre of the universe A) can be attributed to Copernicus’s study of his
work
B) were extremely influenced by Aristarchus’s ideas
B) never lost its significance in the Middle Ages
C) were not fully familiar with the teachings of
Aristotle C) began to grow only after the second century A.D.
D) completely ruled out whatever Ptolemy said D) became widespread through Ptolemy’s famous
about the universe work The Almagest
E) knew how the planets revolved around the Sun E) has been acknowledged as correct by modern
astronomers
21
A
82. It is stressed in the passage that the Berlin Wall
81. – 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) had been built by the East German government
The most significant political change in eastern in order to prevent any access to West Berlin
Europe during the late 1980s was the collapse of
communism in East Germany and the unification of B) not only divided East and West, but also, more
East and West Germany. Although long considered importantly, symbolized the Cold War and the
the most prosperous of the Soviet satellite countries, Iron Curtain
East Germany suffered from severe economic
C) signified both the powerlessness of Honecker’s
stagnation and environmental degradation. Waves of
government and the failure of his economic
East Germans registered their discontent with
policies
worsening conditions by massive illegal emigration to
the West. This exodus together with evidence of D) would have been demolished even if East
widespread official corruption led to the resignation of Germany had retained communism
East Germany’s long-time, hard-line premier, Erich
Honecker. His successor, Egon Krenz, promised E) gave rise to a great many ideological
reforms, but he was nevertheless faced with controversies between East and West Germany
continuing protests and continuing mass emigration.
In the end, on 4 November 1989, the government, in
a move that acknowledged its powerlessness to hold
its citizens captive, opened its border with
Czechoslovakia. This move effectively freed East
Germans to travel to the West. In a matter of days,
the Berlin Wall, which had been the embodiment of
the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, and the division of
East from West, was demolished by groups of
ordinary citizens. Jubilant crowds from both sides
walked through the gaping holes that now permitted
men, women, and children to take the few steps that
symbolized the return to freedom and a chance for
national unity.
83. According to the passage, with the collapse of

81. As pointed out in the passage, in the late 1980s,
the Berlin Wall, ----.
----.
A) the Soviet satellite countries were exposed to
A) Honecker and Krenz were fully committed to the
ultimate unification of East and West Germany Western ideas
B) East and West Germany signed a treaty of

B) East Germany began to enjoy so much
reunification
prosperity that the other Soviet satellite states
became envious of its economic success C) the economic prosperity of East Germany
continued to increase
C) the East German government, already corrupt
and disliked by the people, was no longer able to D) the East Germans took up their fight against
prevent mass emigration to the West political corruption
D) Honecker introduced extremely austere
E) the East German people were, as it were, finally
economic measures in order to improve freed from captivity
worsening conditions and get rid of corruption
E) East Germany adopted a policy of cooperation

with West Germany so that the effects of the
Cold War could be eliminated
22
A
84. It is stated in the passage that East Germany ----. 85. It is made clear in the passage that Honecker’s
resignation from the government ----.
A) made various attempts to fight corruption in the
government, but failed A) led to a serious political crisis in the country,
which was finally resolved by the intervention of
B) had continually tried to be re-unified with West his successor Egon Krenz
Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall
B) was inevitable because he had failed to carry out
C) had never regarded communism as an the reforms urgently needed to improve the
acceptable regime until the 1980s economy and the environment
D) faced extremely severe economic and C) was required by his successor Egon Krenz, who
environmental problems in the 1980s was far more popular with the people and took
the necessary precautions to stop illegal
E) had a considerable economic and political emigration
influence on other east European countries
D) was demanded because, without having
consulted his colleagues, he had opened East
Germany’s border with Czechoslovakia
E) took place as a result of widespread official

corruption and the massive illegal emigration to
the West of the people of East Germany
23
A
87. As pointed out in the passage, the new states in
86. – 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre eastern Europe, created in accordance with the
cevaplayınız. Versailles treaty, ----.
The causes of World War II were rooted in the peace A) became the source of many problems in Europe
settlement at Versailles in 1919-1920. The peace had and caused much disillusionment
created as many problems as it had solved. The
senior Allied heads of state yielded to demands that B) were protected by the Allied powers against a
involved annexing German territory and creating new possible German invasion
states out of the eastern European empires. In doing
C) formed an alliance in order to resist Germany’s
so, the peacemakers created fresh bitterness and
territorial demands
conflict. The Versailles treaty and its champions,
such as US President Woodrow Wilson, proclaimed D) maintained their independence until the start of
the principle of self-determination for the peoples of World War II
eastern and southern Europe. Yet the new states
created by the treaty crossed ethnic boundaries, E) did their best to be on good terms with Germany
involved political compromises, and frustrated many and so pursued a pro-German policy
of the expectations they had raised. The unsteady
new boundaries would be redrawn by force in the
1930s. The Allied powers also kept up the naval
blockade against Germany after the end of World
War I. This forced the new German government to
accept harsh terms that deprived Germany of its
political power in Europe. The blockade and its
consequences created grievances that made the
German people feel angry and completely humiliated.
88. According to the passage, in the face of the Allied

86. It is argued in the passage that the Versailles naval blockade, ----.
treaty, signed after World War I, ----.
A) Germany openly refused to reach any political
A) went into effect soon after the Allied naval compromise with the Allied powers
blockade against Germany had been lifted
B) the German government gave up its demands
B) did not take into consideration Woodrow for the annexation of the east European
Wilson’s principle of self-determination countries
C) enabled Germany to regain its territories in C) the newly-created east European countries soon
eastern Europe and become militarily strong began to disregard each other’s boundaries
again
D) the German people strongly opposed Woodrow
D) was a total failure, since it ultimately led to World Wilson’s principle of self-determination
War II
E) Germany had no other choice but to agree to the
E) was accepted with great jubilation by the severe conditions dictated by the Allies
German government and people
24
A
89. It is clear from the passage that, contrary to 90. Clearly, the passage ----.
Allied expectations, ----.
A) is a comprehensive assessment of the impact
A) the Germans were able to overcome the that the Allied naval blockade of Germany had
grievances caused by the naval blockade on the Versailles treaty
B) the peace deal made at Versailles brought about B) is a detailed account of how Germany prepared
new hostilities and conflicts itself economically and politically for World War II
C) Germany’s political power in Europe became C) focuses directly on the problems that faced the
further strengthened by the Versailles treaty new east European states created after World
War I
D) President Wilson was worried about the political
future of the new states in eastern Europe D) is a detailed study of the European importance
and consequences of Woodrow Wilson’s
E) Germany and the new east European states principle of self-determination
soon realized they had much in common and
established good relationships E) summarizes the developments in Europe in the
aftermath of the Versailles treaty
25
A
92. As pointed out in the passage, compared with the
91. – 95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) was so sudden and unexpected that there
The French Revolution transformed the political and emerged a desperate need for new sources of
diplomatic landscape of Europe suddenly and energy and more workers
dramatically. The transformation of industry came
more gradually. By the 1830s or 1840s, however, B) had no impact at all on the social changes which
writers and social thinkers in Europe were took place in Europe in the late eighteenth and
increasingly aware of unexpected and extraordinary early nineteenth centuries
changes in their economic world. They began to
C) had so much influence on European politics in
speak of an “industrial revolution,” one that seemed
the nineteenth century that governments had to
to parallel the revolution in politics. The term has
revise their development plans
stayed with us. The Industrial Revolution spanned the
hundred years after 1780. It represented the first D) was primarily concerned with social welfare and
breakthrough from an agricultural and forced many countries in Europe to introduce
overwhelmingly rural economy to one characterized new benefits for workers
by large-scale manufacturing, more capital-intensive
enterprises, and urbanization. It involved new E) was a process of industrial, economic, and social
sources of energy and power, faster transportation, transformation in Europe, which covered a
mechanization, higher productivity, and new ways of hundred years beginning with the late eighteenth
organizing human labour. It triggered social changes century
with revolutionary consequences for the West and its
relationship with the world. Of all these changes,
perhaps the most important one was to be seen in
energy. Over the space of two or three generations, a
society and an economy that had traditionally drawn
on water, wind, and wood for most of its energy
needs came to depend on steam engines and coal.
In other words, the Industrial Revolution brought the
beginnings of “the fossil fuel age.”
93. One learns from the passage that, with the

91. As one understands from the passage, the term Industrial Revolution, ----.
“the Industrial Revolution” ----.
A) a great deal of improvement was made in
A) was only used during the first half of the transportation so that goods could be carried in
nineteenth century and has since been replaced large quantities all over the world
by new terms, such as “the fossil fuel age”
B) the usual energy resources, such as wind, water,
B) was invented after the Industrial Revolution was and wood, began to be used far more efficiently
completed in order to meet growing energy needs
C) always signified the process of urbanization in C) the traditional rural economy was replaced by a
Europe, which was closely linked with the capital-based economy of mass production and
migration of rural people to major cities labour
D) was first invented by a group of European social D) economic affairs came to dominate politics and
thinkers who recognized that huge changes were diplomatic relations in Europe so much that
occurring in the economic world governments adopted policies for more
cooperation with each other
E) essentially referred to the use of steam power in
industry, but has today lost its original meaning E) agriculture in Europe was fully modernized and,
completely consequently, much higher productivity was
achieved
26
A
94. It is clear from the passage that coal-fired steam 95. As can be seen clearly, the passage ----.
power ----.
A) explains how the Industrial Revolution
A) had not been used as a primary source of transformed the landscape of European politics
energy before the Industrial Revolution and relations
B) was only used as a source of energy for industry B) gives a detailed account of the ways in which the
in the 1830s and 1840s French Revolution differs from the Industrial
Revolution
C) quickly lost its importance for industry after the
advantages of fossil fuels became apparent C) extensively outlines the role which various
sources of energy equally played in the Industrial
D) was not regarded as a feasible source of energy Revolution
during the Industrial Revolution
D) mainly deals with the meaning and the economic
E) played a minimal role in the transport of goods and social consequences of the Industrial
during the Industrial Revolution Revolution
E) discusses in depth the political and economic

causes of both the French Revolution and the
Industrial Revolution
27
A
97. According to the passage, unlike their French or
96. – 100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre German counterparts, ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) medieval Italian aristocrats lived in cities and
The Renaissance originated in Italy for several mixed with the general public
reasons. The most fundamental reason was that Italy
in the later Middle Ages was the most advanced B) Italian merchants in the Renaissance period
urban society in all of Europe. Unlike aristocrats north were also engaged in trade north of the Alps
of the Alps, Italian aristocrats customarily lived in
C) distinguished Italian families wished their sons to
urban centres rather than in rural castles and
become successful merchants
consequently became fully involved in urban public
affairs. Moreover, since the Italian aristocracy built its D) the Medici were actively involved in the politics
palaces in the cities, the aristocratic class was less and diplomatic relations of their time
sharply set off from the class of rich merchants than
in other European countries. Hence, whereas in E) the Italian upper bourgeoisie were strongly
France or Germany most aristocrats lived on the opposed to social mobility
income from their lands while rich town dwellers,
called bourgeois in French, gained their living from
trade, in Italy so many town-dwelling aristocrats
engaged in banking or mercantile enterprises, and so
many rich mercantile families imitated the manners of
the aristocracy that, by the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, the aristocracy and upper bourgeoisie
were becoming virtually indistinguishable. For
instance, the noted Florentine family of the Medici,
which had emerged as a family of physicians (as the
name suggests), made its fortune in banking and
commerce, and rose into the aristocracy in the
fifteenth century. Obviously, social mobility as such
brought about a great demand for education in the
skills of reading and counting necessary to become a
successful merchant, but the richest and most
prominent families sought above all to find teachers
who would impart to their sons the knowledge and
skills necessary in politics and public life.
96. It is suggested in the passage that, in the period 98. It is pointed out in the passage that wealthy
before the Renaissance, ----. medieval Italian merchant families ----.
A) the aristocrats in Europe were indifferent to the A) deliberately avoided any involvement in the
quality of education offered at schools political affairs of their cities
B) the Medici of Florence had been a poor B) disliked urban centres and preferred to live in
mercantile family with no skills in politics their castles built in rural areas
C) France and Germany had many more C) never took an interest in the political activities of
aristocratic families than Italy the aristocracy
D) European banking was completely monopolized D) were greatly influenced in their habits and way of
by the rich town-dwellers of France life by urban aristocrats
E) no other European country had an urban society E) were far more enterprising in trade than their
as advanced as that of Italy French and German rivals
28
A
99. According to the passage, it was in Italy that ----. 100. It is clear from the passage that banking and
trade ----.
A) what the French called bourgeois had the
monopoly on banking A) contributed a great deal to social mobility in Italy
in the later Middle Ages
B) merchants and aristocrats were clearly set apart
B) were far more advanced in France and Germany
C) banking developed much faster than trade than in Italy during the Renaissance
D) most aristocrats wanted their sons to learn only C) were major enterprises that medieval Italian
the skills associated with politics aristocrats chose to ignore
E) the rise of the Renaissance first took place D) first emerged in medieval Italy, but were more
professionally practised north of the Alps
E) had much impact on the development of

education throughout medieval Europe
TEST BİTTİ.
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
29

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A

KPDS İNG / KASIM 2008

B) had surged / has accounted

7. At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict

3. Roman numerals are expressed by letters of the A) relaxes / kept

8. An ideal anticancer drug ---- cancer cells without

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

A) about / by B) for / with A) since B) so that C) as if

C) over / at D) of / through D) that E) whereas

10. According to the generally accepted plate-

11. The island groups in the Pacific are often called

A) whether B) but C) just as

15. The body’s immune system attacks and

A) As long as B) Although C) Because E) just as / as

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

16. A) About B) With C) Through

A) interest B) demand D) From E) Along

A) slight B) habitual C) relevant

17. D) cheerful E) favourable

A) is leaving B) had left

C) would have left D) left 23.

E) was leaving A) has been decided

A) Because of B) According to C) was decided

C) Instead of D) In addition to D) would have decided

E) Contrary to E) had decided

A) through B) for C) in A) ostentatious B) affluent

D) with E) by C) adjacent D) omnipresent

A) yet B) mostly C) hardly 25.

D) nearly E) also A) possibly B) obviously C) seldom

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

E) The Romans looked to their gods to bestow

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

D) İngiltere ile olan ittifakı 1979’da sona eren Malta,

E) Çeşitli ülkelerle antlaşmalar yaparak tarafsızlığını

35. Few figures in Western history have held the

A) so long as Napoleon pursued serious interests in

B) as Napoleon did during the fifteen years of his

C) because Napoleon’s character seemed suited to

D) since Napoleon’s particular strength as a leader

E) just as Napoleon believed that he was destined

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

C) 1994 Şubat’ında Vietnam üzerinden kaldırılan C) Bağımsızlığına 28 Kasım 1912’de kavuşan

38. In Egypt, a number of oil deposits have been

A) Son yıllarda Mısır’da birçok petrol yatakları keş-

B) Mısır’da son yıllarda birtakım petrol havzaları

C) Son yıllarda Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın

D) Son yıllarda Mısır’da keşfedilen petrol yatakları-

E) Mısır’da, ülke ekonomisinde yakın gelecekte

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

E) The reason why Singapore is regarded as one of

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

D) The problems of the logistics industry have not

E) These aims have not changed, but the world has

45. Gladyatör dövüşleri ilk kez Roma’da, M.Ö. 264

A) Gladiator fights were first organized in Rome in

B) The gladiator fights, which were held in Rome in

C) The sons of Junius Brutus, who organized