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CNC Overview Presentation

A document providing an overview of CNC machines discusses their various applications including for jobs with small batch sizes or high product variety. CNC machines allow for flexibility in part production and process compared to conventional machine tools. The document also covers classifications of CNC machines, their typical mechanical and electronic elements, programming, and testing. It provides examples of leading manufacturers of CNC machines from countries like India, Europe, Japan, and Taiwan.

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Vaibhav Vithoba Naik
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

CNC Overview Presentation

A document providing an overview of CNC machines discusses their various applications including for jobs with small batch sizes or high product variety. CNC machines allow for flexibility in part production and process compared to conventional machine tools. The document also covers classifications of CNC machines, their typical mechanical and electronic elements, programming, and testing. It provides examples of leading manufacturers of CNC machines from countries like India, Europe, Japan, and Taiwan.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Vithoba Naik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An Overview of CNC

machines
Contents
 Various types of machines
 Why CNC machines, applications & economics
 Classifications of CNC machines
 Elements of CNC machines: Mechanical , Electronics &
accessories
 CNC features & systems
 Programming of CNC machines
 Special terminology
 Testing of CNC machines
 Leading makes of Indian & imported CNC machines
 HSM: High sped Machining.
Types of machines
 GPM with conventional or PLC control
 GPM with CNC Control
 SPM with Conventional or PLC control
 SPM with CNC control
 Transfer Lines
 FMS
Definition of a CNC
machine

A machine tool , whose


movements are controlled
by a micro -processor &
can be programmed for part
cutting.
Applications of CNC machines

 CNC machines are used when :


 Batch size is small
 Bigger product mix with lot of variation
 Part access requires multiple set ups
 Referencing not possible by fixturing
 It is a myth that CNC machines
can solve all problems !!
 SPM’s give normally better quality ,
productivity & lower cost of part for
mass production environment.
 Many industries are doing away with
M/C when volumes go higher, for
volumes higher than 100 /day , SPM
line is preferred.
Advantages of CNC
machines
 Flexibility of part production
 Flexibility of process
 Accurate reproduction of parts.
 No operator errors
 Minor product changes can be readily
adapted.
Limitations of CNC machines
 Higher capital & running cost.
 Low productivity compared to SPM ‘s
 Requirement of skilled manpower for
part production & maintenance
 less robust compared to SPM & GPM.
Downtime is normally higher.
Summary Slide
 Applications of CNC machines
Applications of CNC machines
 Typical examples of CNC use
 For turning applications as variety is high.
 For multi product set up.
 For job shops & tool rooms
 For die making
 For small size of production & more variety of
operations / parts. E.g. Crankcase set up in Nagpur, John
Deere Transmission Set up in Pune etc.
 For prototyping
 For difficult referencing e.g. Dowel hole making in
crankcase & Trans. Case. Etc.
Classifications of CNC Machines
 HMC : Horizontal Machining Centre
 VMC : Vertical Machining Centre
 CNC turning Centre
 CNC milling & grinding machines
 Drill Tap centers
 FMS
 Hexapods
Vertical machining Centre
VMC- Hitachi with APC
Horizontal Machining Centre
FMS
Head Changer HMC
Hexapods
Elements of CNC machines - Mechanical

 Guideways
 Hardened & ground type
 Cast guideways
 LM guideways
 Roller guideways
 Tercite coatings
 Ball screws
 Precision
 Rolled
 Dual nut arrangement for backlash elimination
Classification of Ball screws
LM guide ways
Elements of CNC machines -
Mechanical
 Spindles
 In-built
 Cartridge
 Motorized spindles
 Gear box
 ATC: Automatic Tool Changer
 Magazine type , e.g. LMW , BFW
 Corrousal type , e.g. AMS
 Disc type , e.g. Arrow or Feeler
 Direct pick up , e.g. AMS HMC
Elements of CNC machines -
Mechanical
 APC: Automatic pallet Changer: APC enables
loading of next part while machining of first part
is in progress.
 Linear type e.g. LMW, PAL
 Shuttle type , e.g. BFW TMC 630 N
 Rotary type , e.g. Makino , BFW Maxpro series
 Manual type , e.g. UCAM
Rotary Pallet Changers
ATC for VMC
ATC for VMC
ATC for HMC
ATC for HMC
Elements of CNC machines -
Mechanical

 Table: table is mounted on bed , it receives


either fixture or pallet.
 Table has t -Slots or tapped holes.
 In case of APC machine,table has pallet
locating & clamping mechanisms.
 Index table
 Rotary table : continuos NC table
 B axis.
Elements of CNC machines -
Mechanical

 Turret : Turret is used in Turning centers for


tool storing , holding & positioning.
 Unidirectional , Bi-directional
 Hurth coupling
 Driven tools
 Tail stock
 Hydraulic, non programmable
 Programmable
 Part catchers & Bar feeders
Elements of CNC machines -
Electronic
 Control: controls are a combination of hardware &
software that decides & monitors machine movements &
other functions through program.
 Fanuc 0-MC , 0-MD, 0-i etc.
 Siemens : 810 , 840 etc.
 Mazatrol , Heidenhein , Mitsubishi , Fagor
 Drives: Drives are communication hardware & software
between machine control to motors.they are called servo
drives as they work in closed loop control & monitor
movements via. Sensors like encoders.
 AC /DC drives
 Analogue / Digital drives
Elements of CNC machines -
Electronic
 Encoders: Encoders are feed back sensors used for
communicating the machine position to the controller.
 Rotary encoders: they are mounted on the drive motor
shaft & feed the angular position to the
controller.rotary encoders do not give feed back on the
actual axis position. ( open loop)
 Linear encoder : these are nothing but linear scales.
They are mounted on the slide itself & give feed back
of actual machine position ( closed loop)
 Limit / proximity switches: these are sensor elements
that give digital signal out put to confirm completion of
any movement. They are normally used for axis limit
detection , ATC position detection etc.
CNC accessories
 Coolant & chip disposal systems
 Standard coolant system : For bed wash ,
Component flooding etc.
 High pressure coolant : 15 to 125
bars.normally used for coolant through tool
feature.
 Special rotary unions are required for coolant
thru. Spindle : Deublin make.
CNC accessories
 Filtration systems
 Cartridge filtration system
 Drum filtration system
 Centrifuge filtration system
 Magnetic separator
 Paper band filtration system
 Oil skimmers
CNC accessories

 Chip conveyors:
 Scraper type
 Magnetic type
 Screw conveyor
 AC for CNC panel
 Makes : Sunbeam , Advanced , Rittal etc.
 Tool presetter: Ashwini , Optomech , Zoller etc.
 Used for taking tool offset offline
 new generation pre-setters allow direct loading of tool
offsets.
CNC accessories
 Lubrication systems
 Centralized auto. Intermittent type: CENLUBE,
Willy Vogal, Used for guideway lubrication
 Grease lubrication: Klubber , majorly for
spindle but also for guideways.
 Eco pack for guideways
 Multi spindle heads , Angle Heads.
Features & Systems
 Part seat checking
 Probing: Renishaw, Mitutoyo
 Spindle mounted probe for work measurement
 Table mounted probes for tool measurement
 Live hydraulics
 Tool monitoring : Montronix, O-mat, In-
built
 tool monitoring is done by spindle load & vibration
monitoring against ideal curves.
Programming of CNC machines

 Manual programming: through G, M , T


codes
 CAD, CAM
 Digitizing
 Work offset
 Tool offset
 Referencing
Tooling of CNC machines
 Different types of spindle tapers
 ISO-BT 30/ 40 /50
 HSK
 Modular tooling
 Pull studs
 Modular fixtures
 Form A/ B type tooling
HSK taper for Spindle
Special Terminology
 MRR - Material Removal Rate
 RS 232
 Linear motors
 Internet connectivity
 Grid setting
 Motor specifications
 Taper cleaning
CNC specifications
 Capacities : like X-Y-Z strokes , table size ,
motor power etc.
 Dimensions : floor space , Spindle to
table , floor space
 Performance :Spindle taper, Rapid rates,
RPM etc.
 Accuracies: Positioning error, repeatability
etc.
Spindle Motor Characteristics
Testing of CNC machines

 Geometrical testing
 Parallelism , squareness , Spindle run out etc.
 Accuracy testing
 Repeatability , positioning accuracy , Backlash etc.
 JIS standard, VDI- DGQ 3441 standard etc.
 LASER Calibration
 Performance testing
 MRR, Part cutting
 Other tests
 Spindle heating, Vibration, idle cycle running etc.
Leading makes of CNC
machines
 Local : LMW, BFW, HMT, AMS ,PAL , MKL etc.
 Imported
 European: Heller, Grob, Chiron , Huller-
hulle ,Cincinnati, Bridgepart, Warner -
Swaccy etc.
 Japanese : Makino, Mazac, Hitachi, Yazda ,
Nigata , Mitsubishi, Mori-seiki etc.
 Taiwanese : supermax , Feeler , Hard ford,
Tong - Tai etc.
High Speed machining
 This technology is created for getting
Multi-spindle productivity from single
spindled machines.
 Features of HSM
 High rapid rates : upto 100 M/min
 High spindle speeds : up to 25000 RPM
 High acceleration >1g
 Reduced idle times : like tool change : 1.5 sec. , Pallet
change : 10 secs. Etc.
 High cutting speeds, reduced loads & distortions.
High Speed machining
 Change in machine elements :
 Ceramic ball bearings , Hydro-static bearings for
spindles.
 Linear motors
 Newer controls
 Ball screw cooling
 Spindle core cooling
 Rotary pallet changers
 Armless ATC, Direct pick up.
 High machine rigidity
 High pressure coolant through Spindle
Demo of Heller MC-16 doing helical
Interpolation

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