Presentation on Advancements in

ESP Control System

 R&D Center

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 2

Evolution of ESP controllers in BHEL
ESP HVR CONTROL

ANALOG CONTROLLER AICE - C BAPCON

RAPPING CONTROL
AUTORAPPER
SYNCHRONOUS
PROGRAMMER
P BASED RAPPER
RAPCON
CONTROLLER

ESP CONTROL

MANUAL CONTROL COMPUTER CONTROLLED IOS

PRECIPITATOR OPERATION

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 4

High Voltage Rectifier Controllers
 Basic factors affecting ESP performance

Properties of Flyash
- Particle size distribution
-small particles are difficult to collect
- surface area affects visibility, space charge

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 6

 qs

EP - Qs  E p
- +
+ +
+ F = Qs . Eav  Ep . Eav
+ - Vp . Vav
+ -
-
+
+
-  x i
-
+
BACK CORONA
+

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 7

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 8
 Modified Intermittent Charging

 Increases the base voltage

 More suited for high charge ratio operation
 suitable for high resistivity dust

Outlet emission Power consumption

(mg/Nm^3)
(kW)
Conventional charging 351 300

Intermittent charging 127 57

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 9

 Energy Saving

Reduction in energy costs due to modified intermittent

charging

 210 MW ESP
Reduction in power : 243 kW
At 2 Rs./kWH and 65% duty,
yearly saving : Rs. 27.7 Lakhs

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 10

 BAPCON

 BHEL’s Advanced Precipitator

CONtroller (BAPCON)
 Highly reliable
 Displays in %
 Local & Remote operation
 CR mode
 Warning & TRIP Alarms

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 11

 Schematics of BAPCON

 Feedback control system

 IP65 packing

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 12

 BAPCON

• Intermittent charging, requirement of wide charge

ratio (CR) range of 1:159.
• Optimiser logic for C.R, avoids tedious manual
tunning.
• Base charging, increases base voltage.
• Peak & valley KV measurement : Diagnostic &
tunning facilitated.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 13

 VARIOUS DISPLAYS IN BAPCON
- Precipitator current
E Precipitator voltage
H Sparks per minute
O Im limit
1 Is limit
2 S control
3 Time control
4 Stabilization time
5 U.V. Limit
6 C.R.
7 Pulse current limit
8 Repeat time
9 Address
Peak & valley voltage
P Base charge
L Base charge current
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 14
 ALARMS IN BAPCON
o TRIP ALARMS:
o E1 - Safety chain broken.
o E2 - Eprom faulty.
o E3 - Power supply failure.
o E4 - Over voltage
o E5 - Ash level very high (for 10 min.)
o E6 - T/R temp very high / TH. Ovld.
o E7 - Bucholtz bottom float.
o WARNING ALARMS:
o T/R temp high.
o Bucholtz top float.
o Ash level high.
o Under voltage.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 15

 SPARK PROGRAM SERIAL
DETECTOR (EPROM) COM.(8251)
2732 / 2764
CURRET
SIGNAL KEYBOARD
SIGNAL
CONDNG
PORT 1
FROMTR AMP.
I/O ALARMS
VOLTAGE SIGNAL 8155
SIGNAL CONDNG
ANALOG FIRING
AMP.
FROMTR TO SGNL.O/P
PEAK & DIGITAL PROCESSOR OUTPUT
VALLEY CONVTR. 8085 RELAYS
ADC 0816) ADDRESS
DETCTR.
SET
PORT 2
I/O SPARK
8155 COUNTER

INDICATI-
NG LEDs
SET POINT
POT. METERS. SYNCH. WATCH
DISPLAY
SIGNAL DOG

BAPCON - DETAILED BLOCK DIAGRAM

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 16
 BAPCONplus
 Engineering Unit display
 Designed for 660MW
application
 VFD display
 Local & Remote operation
 CR mode
 Base Charge mode
 Warning & TRIP Alarms

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 17

 BAPCON-II
 Single board design
 Fewer components, Higher
reliability
 RS-485 bus based high-
speed network
 Remote operation
 Concealed in HVR panel
 In-built rapping

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 18

 BAPCONsigma
 Primary parameters
measurement
 Power Measurement
 Open Standard MultiMaster
Network
 Peer to Peer communication
 Spark & Arc detection and
suppression
 Single card design
 Concealed in HVR panel
 In-built rapping

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 19

Rapping System
 RAPCON
 Highly Reliable platform
 Standalone operation
 Local & Remote mode
operation
 Real Time Clock based motor
operation
 Advanced algorithms support
 Standby mode

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 21

 ADVANCED FEATURES OF RAPCON

 Error checking for the motors.

 Setting of rapper timings.
 Setting of real time.
 Auto on/off selection.
 Manual on/off selection.
 Password protection.
 Setting of program set no.
 Reading of rapper times.
 Reading of real time.
 Reading of program set no.
 Reading of rapcon address.
 Reset alarm.
 Stan by mode selection.
 Communication with IOS-PC
 Rapping factor selection - [IOS]
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 22
 PARAMETERS IN RAPCON CONTROLLED BY IOS - P.C.

 Rapping factor.
 Program set no.
 Auto on/off.
 Manual on/off.
 Set real time.
 Set rapping time.
 Get rapping time.
 Reset alarm.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 23

 COMMAND TO RAPCON
 Force stand alone / standby
 Auto ON / OFF for all motors
 Manual ON / OFF for all motors
 Program set selection 1 - 64
 Time factor 0 - 25.5
 Alarm reset
 REPLY FROM RAPCON
 Remote local
 Auto ON / OFF status
 Manual ON / OFF status
 Program set
 Time factor
 Alarm status
 Motor status
 Motor status 30 sec. In advance
 Next on status

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 24

 DISPLAY
CPU CARD
&
( 8085 )
K.B. CARD

ISOLATOR
INPUT
DATA COMMN. REPLY
BUFFER
CARD CARD
CARD
P.S.CARD

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAPCON

HARDWARE
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 25
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CPU CARD OF RAPCON
6.144 MHz
TIMER 0
TIMER 1 8254
TIMER
TIMER2

EPROM EPROM RAM

8085 27128 6264
27128
IR 0 MICRO
IR 1
8259
PIC PROCESSOR
IR 7
FEEDBACK FROM

8255 MOTOR CONTACTS

TX PPI
8251
RX USART
4321

WATCH
8255
TX DOG PPI
8251
USART
RX CIRCUIT DIP
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 26
TO MOTOR CONTACTS SWITCH
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DISPLAY AND KEYBOARD CARD OF
COMCON/RAPCON

74145
DATA
74138
LED
8279 SWITCH MATRIX
9*8

IRO

CONNECTOR
FOR
KEYBOARD

ULN
2003

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 27

 RELAY
1 -CARD
2 +
3

DATA COMMUNICATION CARD

4 RL1
5
6 RL2
RAPPING MOTOR ON COMMAND
7
8 RL3
9
10 RL4
11
12 RL5
13
14 RL6
15
16 RL7
17
18 RL8
19
20 RL9
21
22 RL10

TB2/13

TB2/10
23
24 RL11
25
26 RL12
27
+ -
28 RL13
29
30 RL14
31

24V DC
32 RL15
33
34 RL16

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 28

RAPPER RELAY CARD - MOTOR ON COMMAND
 RAPCON - 1

DISPLAY CPU POWER

CARD CARD SUPPLY CARD

24V AC

TO INPUT CARD
TO RELACARD
DATA COMMUNICATION CARD
SUM
ALARM TB2
P N GND
24V DC
TB 1 TXR
- - - + + +

5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

COMM.LOOP

COMM.LOOP 4A
LP7 } TO INPUT CARD
TO ANN.CKT
6A TO RELA CARD
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 29
K29 24VAC
 RAPCON FUNCTION SELECTION

1999.05.19 10:23:45

SET
FUNCTION
NEXT FUNCTION NO =

1. PASSWORD?

To reach a function with 2. SET RAPPER TIMES?

function 1 to 6 the RAPCON 3. SET REAL TIME?
must be in LOCAL mode
4. SET AUTO ON/OFF?

Access to functions 2 to 6 5. SET MANUAL ON/OFF?

possible only if pass word is
answered correctly. 6. SET PROGRAM SETNO?

7. DISPLAY TIMES?
Acess to functions 7 to 11 does 8. DISPLAY REAL TIME?
not require answering the pass
word. 9. PROGRAMSET NO?

10. RAPCON ADDRESS?

11. RESET ALARM?

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 30
 To reach next function number either press the required
number meant for the function and press enter yes (OR)
press set function repeatedly till the required function is
displayed.

NEXT FUNCTION NO =

ENTER
NEXT FUNCTION NO = 7 7 DISPLAY TIMES ?
YES

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 31

 DATA COMMUNICATION CARD

FUNCTIONS:

 Provides communication path between COMCON RAPCON & BAPCON

 Provides Rs-232-C serial communication between P.C. & COMCON.

 Provides hardware communication by-pass in case of power failure/unit

faulty.

 Extends sum - alarm signal for external annunciation.

 Provides 24V A.C. power supply to COMCON / RAPCON.

 Provides isolated 24V DC power supply to relay card & digital buffer card.

 LED indication in case of 24V DC power supply fuse failure.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 32

 RAPCON-24
 Supports up to 12 fields
 Hot-Standby feature
 Real Time Clock (RTC)
 User set parameters Stored
in NVRAM
 Labeling of outputs
 Isolated Inputs and Outputs

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 33

 RAPCON-II

 RS-485 based network

 Only Remote operation
 Concealed inside the panel
 RTC and NVRAM
 Lesser components

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 34

Remote Terminal Unit
 RTU
 Light weight Hand held unit
 Graphical Display
 64x128 pixel LCD
 Membrane keypad
 RS-485 network
 User interface unit for
BAPCON-II, RAPCON-II

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 36

 RTUsigma
 Graphical User Interface
 240x128 pixel LCD
 Tactile membrane keypad
 Open standard Multi master
protocol communication
 Parameter trending
 Alarm logging
 Flash based programming

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 37

Integrated Operating System
 NEED FOR COMPUTER CONTROL OF ESPs

 Tedious manual tuning of parameters in each control.

 Status monitoring of large number of fields.
 Optimisation of ESP parameters.
 The need of supervision & control of ESP from UCB.
 Data logging, alarm logging & Graphical representation of
precipitator parameters.
 Communication with plant computer.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 39

 IOS CONSISTS OF …..

 BAPCON  BHELs advanced precipitator controller.

 RAPCON  Rapper controller.

 IOS - PC  Multitasking real time PC.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 40

 FUNCTIONS OF IOS - PC

 Controls & monitors BAPCONs & RAPCONs.

 Closed loop control of ESP through….
 Opacity algorithm.
 Rapping set no. Algorithm.
 Rapping power off algorithm.
 Rapping time factor algorithm.
 Optimiser algorithm.
 Centralised monitoring & control from UCB.
 Alarm monitoring & print out of status.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 41

 ADVANTAGES OF IOS
 Wide C.R suitable for Indian conditions.
 Automatic optimisation of C.R.
 base charging.
 Peak & valley KV measurement.
 Pre-programmed rapping sequences.
 Reduces emission & energy consumption.
 Pays back investment in couple of years.
 Software on ROM cards.
 Indigenous Hardware & Software.
 Upgradable.
 Maintenance support.
 Customising to needs.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 42

 IOS SOFTWARE MENUS
 BAPCON MENU.
 RAPCON MENU.
 PRINTER MENU.
 SETUP MENU.
 Opacity basedata.

 BAPCON basedata.

 Rapcon basedata.

 Communication interval time.

 Algorithm basedata.

 Password setting.

 Opacity basedata.

 Opacity/dust correlation.

 Precipitator basedata.

 ALGORITHM.
 Opacity algorithm.

 Optimiser algorithm.

 Rapping factor algorithm.

 Rapping power algorithm.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 43

 ALGORITHMS IN IOS

• Opacity algorithm
• Rapping power off algorithm
• Rapping set no. Algorithm
• Optimizer algorithm
• Rapping power factor algorithm
• Auto selection of opacity monitor based on ID fan
status.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 44

 RAPPING FACTOR ALGORITHM

Repetition freq %

1.0 Time factor

100

75

50

25 4.0

25.5
Boiler load
25% 750% 100%

Boiler load Boiler load

min.set max set

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 45

 OPTIMIZER ALGORITHM
C.R
OPTIMISATION
S/W

TAKE VI CURVE & TEST

FOR VALLEY KV DROPPING
FOR OPERATING CHARGE
RATIO

YES NO
DROOPING ?

INCREASE C.R. & SWITCH DECREASE C.R & TEST FOR

OFF OPTIMUM REACHED DROOPING
LED.

YES
RET
DROOPING ?

INCREASE C.R & SWITCH NO

ON OPTIMUM
REACHED
LED. SWITCH OFF
OPTIMUM REACHED
LED.

RET

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet RET 46

 NT-IOS
 Windows based IOS
 Integrated Datalogging
 Track Ball & Mouse
operation
 Industrial Computing
platform
 Industrial grade desktop
mounting

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 47

 NT-IOS
Integrated Operating System on
Windows NT platform

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Ranipet

 Main features

• Graphical User Interface

• Trend curves display
• Compatibility with latest printers
• User friendly help features
• Information access through Intranet
• can be upgradable easily

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 49

 GUI

User friendly windows screens for giving

command to different controllers and
displaying the ESP field status.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 50

 Trend curves display

• VI curve for each field

• Line Graphs for
• Current , Voltage,
• Spark rate,
• Opacity and
• boiler load
• Bar chart for Analog input of Opacity and boiler
load

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 51

 Compatibility for Printers

• All printers supported by Windows NT can

be used for Text log , Graph log and VI
curves

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 52

 User friendly help features

• Help feature covers the Technical and

operating details of this package with Images.
• Context sensitive help for each screen is
available.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 53

 Information access through Intranet

• ESP field operating parameters like TR

ON/OFF , current , voltage, Rapper On/OFF
etc. are made available to all intranet users
through a JSP software.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 54

 Future upgrade

• New customer requirements can be added

easily
• Can be upgraded easily for latest / future
versions of Microsoft Windows Operating
Systems. ( Eg. Windows 2000 and latest)

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 55

 Software Architecture

VB application program

Forms & Modules

Controls ActiveX controls Device Drivers

Windows NT O.S

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 56

 Software details
• Developed in VB
• 35 Forms for user input and output
• 8 modules for start-up & algorithms
• Active X controls
• MSCOM for communication
• Graphics Server for Graphs
• Dedicated Help Package is used
• Device driver for Reading Digital & Analog
channels
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 57
 Salient Features
• Pass word protection at two levels
• Communication channel health monitoring &
indication at relevant forms
• Operator’s input validation
• Warning messages
• Web server to publish WEB page developed in
JSP
• Successfully tested at Mettur TPS &
Ramagundam STPS
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 58
NT-IOS HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

BAPCON1 BAPCON2 BAPCON-n

NT-IOS Boiler load

PC Opacity

RAPCON-n RAPCON2 RAPCON-1

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 59

 Hardware Configuration of NT-IOS
NT- DATA-
IOS LOGGER PC

PC
PRINTER
Boiler
load
Opacity monitor & calib.input

BAPCO SUP PO RT
INS
HEATE R
SHAFT
INS
H EATER
1
ALI
LOW
ESP

2
HOP PER
HE ATER

1
ES P

2
AL IVE

N1
ESP FIELD -1

B US S ECTI ON 1
FIELD -2

ESP FIELD -3

B US S ECTI ON 2 REBO OT
FIELD -4

FIELD -5

FIELD -6

FIELD -7

FIELD -8

STATCON-E2
BHEL

ALI HOP PER

S UP PORT SHAFT LO W HEATER
INS IN S ESP ES P
H EATER HEATER ALIVE
1 2 1 2

BAPCO
ES P FIELD-1

BUS S EC TI ON 1
FIELD-2

ES P FIELD-3

BUS S EC TI ON 2 REBO O T
FIELD-4

N2
FIELD-5

FIELD-6

FIELD-7

FIELD-8

STATCON-E1
BHEL

RAPCO
BAPCO
N4
N3

RAPCO
BAPCON
N1
24

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 60

 Hardware Configuration of NT-IOS
Fat IOS-2

Client NT- DATA-

IOS LOGGER PC

PRINTER
IOS-1 PC

Boiler load

Opacity monitor & calib.input

BAPCO SU PPORT
INS
HEAT ER
SHAFT
INS
HEA TER
1
ALI
L OW
ES P

2 1
H OPPER
H EATER
ES P

2
A LIVE

Thin N1
ESP FIELD- 1

B US SE CTION 1
FIELD- 2

ESP FIELD- 3

B US SE CTION 2 R EBOOT
FIELD- 4

FIELD- 5

FIELD- 6

FIELD- 7

FIELD- 8

Client STATCON-E2
BHEL

ALI HOPPER
SUPPORT SH AFT LOW HEA TER
INS INS ESP ESP
HEATER HEAT ER ALIV E
1 2 1 2

BAPCO
ESP FIELD-1

BU S SECT ION 1
FIELD-2

ESP FIELD-3

BU S SECT ION 2 REB OOT

FIELD-4

FIELD-5

N2
FIELD-6

FIELD-7

FIELD-8

STATCON-E1
BHEL

RAPCO
BAPCO
N4
N3
Any
Pc
withL
an RAPCO
BAPCO
N1
N24

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 61

 Opening Screen

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 62

 BAPCON Display

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 63

 RAPCON Display

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 64

 ANALOG Display - BAPCON

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 65

 Command Screen

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 66

 BAPCON Command

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 67

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 68
 RAPCON Command

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 69

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 70
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 71
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 72
 SETUP - Selection

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 73

 SETUP-BAPCON Base Data

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 74

 ALGORITHM SELECTION

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 75

 Graph Log - Selection

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 76

 Graph Log

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 77

 SELECT BAPCON for VI Curve

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 78

 VI Curve - BAPCON1

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 79

 HELP

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 80

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 81
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 82
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 83
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 84
12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 85
 IOS PC

COMCON DDCMIS
STATCON-E
BAPCON - 1
STATCON-D4
BAPCON 2 MASTER DAMPER, BWE
STATCON-D4 & LCC
SLAVE CONTROLLER
BAPCON - 3
STATCON-D3
MASTER
HCC
STATCON-D3 CONTROLLER
BAPCON -16 SLAVE
STATCON-D2
MASTER
RAPCON MASTER
17 - 32 DCV
STATCON-D2 CONTROLLER
SLAVE
STATCON-D1
MASTER
1 - 16 DCV
RAPCON SLAVE STATCON-D1 CONTROLLER
SLAVE

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 86

 Hardware Configuration of IOS with Network
Pc - 1 IOS-2 Optional
NT- IOS DATA-
PC LOGGER PC

IOS-1 NERWORK RJ45 SERVER PRINTER

COM 1 RS 232
RS 232 / CURRENT COM 2
LOOP CONVERTER

L Net08.ico
Boiler
CURRENT
A LOOP load
Opacity monitor &
N BAPCON calib.input
Pc - 2 1

BAPCON
2

RAPCON
BAPCON
4
3
Pc - in
LAN

RAPCON
BAPCON2 1
4

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 87

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 88
Common IOS
 CENTRALISED CONTROL & DISPLAY FOR MULTIPLE IOS’s

CIOS
PC

RS-232C TO RS-485
CONVERTOR

IOS IOS IOS IOS IOS IOS

#6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 90

 COMMON TERMINAL FOR MULTIPLE IOS’

 CENTRALISED CONTROL SYSTEM

 CONTROL & DISPLAY FOR INDIVIDUAL SUB-CONTROLLERS
THROUGH IOS
 INTERFACE : RS-232C TO RS-485
 PROTOCOL : MODBUS ( ASCII )
 WINDOWS BASED APPLICATION SOFTWARE

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 91

 BAPCON COMMAND SCREEN

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 92

 RAPCON COMMAND SCREEN

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 93

 RAPCON STATUS DISPLAY

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 94

 CURRENT LOOP vs MULTIDROP DATAHIGHWAY

 By pass relay is required in  Termination resistance & by

case controller is removed / pass relay is required in case
fails controller is removed / fails.
 Network has to be physically  Network has to be physically re
re configured if there is a configured if there is a
breakage in main breakage in main
communication line. communication line.
 Low protocol overhead, more  Protocol overhead is high,
efficient at low speeds itself. therefore higher speed is must.
 communication frames of  Communication frame size
varying sizes allowed. standardized. Large message
will have to be split.

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 95

 Other Developments
 Wireless access between controllers
 Wireless access between sensors & controllers
 SCADA based IOS

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 96

 Thank You

12/07/21 Copyright 2006 BHEL, Ranipet 97