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Simplex Method: by Solahuddin Bin Hamzah Nadira Atika BT Azih

The simplex method is used to solve linear programming problems by changing constraints to equations that can be solved using matrix manipulation. It works by constructing a simplex tableau with slack variables and using row operations to pivot on indicators until all indicators are greater than or equal to zero, indicating an optimal solution. The document provides an example problem that is converted to a simplex tableau and solved through multiple row operations and pivots until an optimal basic feasible solution is found.

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cassou hamz
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75 views

Simplex Method: by Solahuddin Bin Hamzah Nadira Atika BT Azih

The simplex method is used to solve linear programming problems by changing constraints to equations that can be solved using matrix manipulation. It works by constructing a simplex tableau with slack variables and using row operations to pivot on indicators until all indicators are greater than or equal to zero, indicating an optimal solution. The document provides an example problem that is converted to a simplex tableau and solved through multiple row operations and pivots until an optimal basic feasible solution is found.

Uploaded by

cassou hamz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simplex Method

By
Solahuddin bin Hamzah
Nadira Atika bt Azih
Definition
• The simplex method changes constraints
(inequalities) to equations in linear
programming problems, and then solves the
problem by matrix manipulation. The solution
set for the altered problem is of higher
dimension than the solution set of the original
problem, but it is easier to study with
matrices.
Example
Below is the Below is the
original SIMPLEX TABLEAU.
problem: Red variables below Compare RED
objective are called symbols
function SLACK VARIABLES with Z = x1 + 2x2 - x3.
is in green. Blue numbers below
are the "ISM".
Example
Named below are the
The 1st SIMPLEX See steps 3,4,5 of 4
TABLEAU SIMPLEX METHOD row operations
is below. Note as you handle needed to
missing z-column INDICATORS, pivot on the number
RATIOS, and PIVOTS. "5" encircled in red
Below are
Example
the
results of blue Since one INDICATOR Below is the Named below are
the numbers (namely -1/5) remains result 4 row operations
row are the negative, we must of changing needed to pivot
operations new ISM repeat steps 3-9 our pivot on the
named to "1" number(16/5)
above encircled in red
Example

Above there was a tie for least non-negative


ratio:
either row 1 or row 2 could have become the
  and either choice leads to the
pivot row,
final tableau after one additional pivoting. At the
right is the result of the final 3 row operations.
Example
All indicators {0, 0, 49/16 , 0,  1 /16 and 3/8 } are now zero or bigger
("13" is NOT an indicator).

Thus, the basic solution for the tableau above is


the solution to our original problem.
[1st] set equal to 0 all variables NOT associated
with the blue ISM, as at the right. Each column
of the final tableau has a label naming it's
variable.
[2nd] convert each row of the final tableau
(except the bottom row) back into equation
form (as at the right) to find the values of the
remaining variables. The value of the objective
function is in the lower right corner of the final
tableau.

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