Equilibrium points :-

We have following equilibrium points

(1) E¿1= ( 0,0 , Ć , T́ )
I0
Where Ć= >0 ,−−−−−−−(5)
α1
Q ( Ć ) +α 2 T 0
¿ T́ = >0−−−−−−−(6)
α2

(2)E ¿2=( Ń 1 , 0 , C´ , T́ )
I0
Where Ć= >0 ,
α1
Q ( Ć ) +α 2 T 0
T́ = >0
α2

And
k 1 ( T́ )
Ń 1=[ r 1 ( T́ )−m 1 C ] −−−−−−−(7)
S 10

Provided r 1 ( T́ ) > 0 ,∧k 1 ( T́ )> 0

¿
( 3 ) E3=( Ń 1 , Ń 2 , C´ , T́ ) ,

Where
Io
Ć= >0 ,
α2
Q ( Ć ) +α 2 T 0
T́ = >0
α2

And

d 2 +m 2 C
Ń 1=
b

r 1 m1 C S10 (d 2 +m 2 C)
Ń 2= − −
α α K1(T ). b . α

Linear Stability Analysis :-

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For E¿1= ( 0,0 , Ć , T́ ) :-

The Variational matrix of system of differential equation (1), (2), (3)

¿
and (4) Corresponding to E1 is given by

r 1 ( T́ ) 0 0 0
A1= 0
[0
0
−d 2( T́ ) 0
0 −α
1
0 Q ( Ć )
1
0
0
−α 2
]
If λ be the characteristic root equation is given by | A1 −λI|=0 , on solving
if the characteristic equation reduces to,

( λ−r 1 ( T́ )+ m1 Ć )( λ+ d 2 ( T́ )+ m2 ( T́ ) ) ( λ+ α1 ) ( λ+ α2 )=0−−−(8)

Putting the valus of r 1 ( T́ ) and d 2 ( T́ ) from the given conditions we have,

{ λ−( r10−r11 T́ ) +m1 Ć }{ λ+( d20 +d 22 T́ ) +m2 Ć } { λ+α 1 }{ λ+α 2 }=0

So from the characteristic equation (9)

¿
All the characteristic values are negative if r 10 <r 11 T́ + m1 ć so E1 is
asymptotically stable if this condition hold otherwise unstable.

For

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 E¿2= ( Ń 1 ,0 , C´ , T́ ) :−¿

The variational matrix of system of differential equation (1), (2), (3) and
¿
(4) Corresponding to E2 is given by

S10 Ń 21 . K '1 (T́ )

[ ]
'
−m1 Ń 1 r ( T́ ) Ń 1+
1
r 1 ( T́ )−2 S 10 Ń 1−m1 Ć ¿ K 21 ( T́ )
−α ( T́ ) Ń 1 0 0 −m2 Ń 2
A2= K 1 ( T́ ) ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0
−d 2 ( T́ ) +b ( T́ ) Ń 1−m1 ć 0 0
0 −α 1 0
Q' ( Ć ) −α 2

But we know that

K 1 ( T́ )
Ń 1=(r 1 ( T́ ) −m1 Ć)
S 10

S 10 Ń 21 . K '1 (T́ )

[ ]
'
m1 Ć−r 1 ( T́ ) −α ( T́ ) Ń 1 −m 1 Ń 1 r 1 ( T́ ) Ń 1 +
K 21( T́ )
A2= 0 −d 2 ( T́ ) +b ( T́ ) Ń 1−m2 Ć −m2 Ń 2
0
0 0 −α 1 0
0 0 '
Q ( Ć) −α 2

Characteristic equation is given by | A2 −λI|=0 then

putting the value of r 1 ( T́ ) and d 2 ( T́ )from the given conditions and using
case 1. b ( T́ )=b 0−b 11 T́ the equation reduces to,

{ λ+(−m1(Ć )+ ( r 10−r11 T́ ) )}{ λ +( d 20 +d 22 (T́ )) −(b 0−b 11 T́ ) Ń 1 +m2 Ć } { λ+ α1 }{ λ+ α2 }=0

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 All the characteristic values are negative if r 10 >m1 ( Ć ) +r 11 ( T́ ) and
b 0−b11 ( T́ ) Ń 1> ¿ so E2is asymptotically stable if this condition hold.
¿

Now putting the value of r 1 ( T́ ) and d 2 ( T́ )from the given conditions and
using case (2)

b ( T́ )=b 0 +b11 T́ the equation reduces to,

{ λ+(m1 (Ć )+( r 10−r 11 T́ ) )}{ λ+ ( d 20 +d 22 (T́ ))−(b 0+ b11 T́ ) Ń 1+ m2 Ć } { λ+α 1 }{ λ+α 2 }=0

So from the characteristic equation-

¿
All the characteristic values are negative if m1 ( Ć ) +r 10 >r 11 ( T́ ) and ¿ So E2is
asymptotically stable if this condition hold.

For E3 =( Ń 1 , Ń 2 , Ć , T́ ) ,
¿

2 S 10 ( Ń 1) S10 Ń 21 . K 11 ( T́ )

[ ]
'
r 1 ( T́ )− −α ( T́ ) Ń 2−m1 Ć −α ( T́ ) Ń 1 −m Ń
1 1
r 1 ( T́ ) Ń 1 + 2
−α ' ( T́ ) Ń 1 Ń 2
K 1 ( T́ ) K 1 ( T́ )
−d ( T́ ) + b ( T́ ) Ń −m Ć −m2 Ń 2
A2= b ( T́ ) Ń 2 2 1 1
−d 2 ( T́ ) Ń 2 +b' ( T́ ) Ń 1 Ń 2
'

0 0 −α 1 0
0 0 '
Q ( Ć ) −α 2

But we have

S 10 Ń 1
r 1 ( T́ ) = +α ( T́ ) Ń 2 +m 1 Ć∧d 2 ( T́ ) = Ń 1 b ( T́ )−m1 Ć
K 1 ( T́ )

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 −S 10 Ń 1 S 10 Ń 21 . K '1 ( T́ )

[ ]
' '
−α ( T́ ) Ń 1 0 r 1 ( T́ ) Ń 1 + 2
−α ( T́ ) Ń 1 Ń 2
K 1 ( T́ ) K 1 ( T́ )
0 0
A3 = b ( T́ ) Ń 2 −d 2 ( T́ ) Ń 2 +b' ( T́ ) Ń 1 Ń 2
'

0 0 −α 1 0
0 0 '
Q ( Ć) −α 2

The characteristic equation is given by

S10 Ń 1
{ λ2 +
K 1( T́ ) }
λ+ α ( T́ ) Ń 1 .b ( T́ ) Ń 2 { λ+ α 1 }{ λ+ α 2 } =0

We have

K 1 ( T́ ) =K 10−K 11 ( T́ )

b ( T́ )=b 0−b 11 ( T́ )

α ( T́ )=α 0 −α 11 ( T́ )

Case 1: - all the characteristic values are negative if

K 10 −K 11 T́ >0 , S10 Ń 1> 0∧(α ¿¿ 0−α 11 T́ ) Ń 1 .(b¿ ¿ 0−b 11 T́ ) Ń 2 >0 so E¿3 ¿ ¿

is asymptotically stable if this condition hold otherwise unstable.

Now putting

K 1 ( T́ ) =K 10−K 11 ( T́ ) and

b ( T́ )=b 0 +b11 ( T́ ) and

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α ( T́ )=α 0 +α 11 ( T́ )

Case II:- all the characteristic values are negative if

K 10 −K 11 ( T́ ) >0 , S10 Ń 1> 0∧(α ¿ ¿ 0+α 11 T́ ) Ń 1 .(b¿¿ 0+ b11 T́ ) Ń 2> 0 so E3¿ ¿ ¿

is asymptotically stable if this condition hold otherwise unstable.

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