How To Prepare For Aptitude
How To Prepare For Aptitude
How To Prepare For Aptitude
(3) Suppose two trains or two bodies are moving in the same
direction at u kmph and v kmph such that u > v then their
relative speed is u-v kmph
(5) Suppose two trains or two bdies are moving in opposite direction
at u kmph and v kmph then,their relative speed = (u+v) kmph
(6)If two train start at the same time from 2 points A & B towards
each other and after crossing they take a & b hours in reaching B & A
respectively then A’s speed : B’s speed = (b^1/2 : a^1/2 )
Problems
Solution:
Speed of the train =72*5/18m/s =20 m/s
Distance move din passing the pole = 180m
Requiredtime = 180/20 = 9 seconds
(2)A train 140 m long running at 60kmph.In how much time will it
pass a platform 260m long.
Solution:
Distance travelled =140 + 260 m =400 m,
speed = 60 * 5/18 = 50//3 m
time=400*3 / 50 = 24 Seconds
Solution:
i)D=180+x
T = 20 seconds
S= 180+x / 20 ———— 1
ii)D=x
T=8 seconds
D=ST
x=8S ————- 2
Substitute 2 in 1
S=180 + 8 S / 20
S=15 m/s
Length of the train,x is 8 *15 = 120 m
Solution:
Relative Speed = 68-8=60kmph*5/18 = 50/3 m/s
time= 150 * 3 /50 =9sec
Solution:
Relative Speed = 59+7=66kmph*5/18 = 55/3 m/s
time= 220/55 * 3 =12sec
(6)Two trains 137m and 163m in length are running towards each
other on parallel lines,one at the rate of 42kmph & another at
48 mph.In wht time will they be clear of each other from the
moment they meet.
Solution:
Relative speed =42+48 = 90 *5/18 = 25m/s
time taken by the train to pass each other = time taken to cover
(137+163)m at 25 m/s
= 300 /25 s =12 s
Solution:
Relative speed w.r.t man = 54-6=48kmph
the length of the train is 48 * 5/18 * 12 =160m
time taken to pass platform =20 sec
Speed of the train = 54 * 5/18 =15m/s
160+x =20 *15
x=140m
length of the platform is 140m
Solution:
Relative speed =150/9 m/s =60 mph
speed of the train = 60-50 =10kmph
Solution:
Relative speed =65-45 kmph = 50/9 m/s
Distancce covered in18 s =50/9 * 18 = 100m
the length of the train is 100m
Solution:
2kmph = 5/9 m/s
4 mph =10/9 m/s
Let the length of the trainbe x meters and its speed is y m/s
then x / (y- 5/9) = 9 and x / (y- 10/9) = 10
9y-5 =x and 10(9y-10)=9x
9y-x=5 and 90y-9x=100
on solving we get x=50,lenght of trains
Solution:
Suppose the train meet x hr after 7am
Distance covered by A in x hr=20x km
20x+25(x-1) = 110
45x=135
x=3
So they meet at 10 am
Solution:
Let the length of the first train be x mt
then,the length of second train is x/2 mt
relative speed = 48+42 kmph =90 * 5/18 m/s = 25m/s
(x+ x/2)/25 =12
x=200
Length of the train is 200m
Let the length of the platform be y mt
speed f the first train = 48*5/18 m/s = 40/3 m/s
200+y * 3/40 = 45
y=400m
Solution:
Let the length of th e train A be x mt
Length of the train B = 130/100 x mt =13x/10 mt
Let the speed of B be y mph,speed of the train A=80mph
relative speed= y+80 * 5/18 m/s
time taken by the trains t cross each other is gven by
90 = (x + 13x/10)/ (5y+400 / 18)
to find y,clearly xis also needed
so,both P & Q are not sufficient
(14)The speed of a train A,100m long is 40% more than then the speed
of another train B,180m long running in opposite direction.To fin out
the speed of B,which of the information given in statements P & Q is
sufficient
P :The two trains crossed each other in 6 seconds
Q : The difference between the spee of the trains is 26kmph
(a)Only P is sufficient
(b)Only Q is sufficient
(c)Both P & Q are needed
(d)Both P & Q are not sufficient
Ans : A
Solution:
Let speed of B be x kmph
then,speed of A =140x/100 kmph =7x/5 mph
relative speed = x + 7x/5 =2x/3 m/s
time taken to cross each other = (100+180)*3/2x s =420/x s
now,420/x = 6
x=70 mph
thus,only P is sufficient
Solution:
Since the sum of lengths of the tran and the engine is needed,
so both the length must be known
Formulae:
I)Speed = Distance/Time
II)Time = Distance/speed
Problems
Solution::
speed=72kmph=72*5/18 = 20m/s
distance covered in 2min =20*2*60 = 2400m
2)If a man runs at 3m/s. How many km does he run in 1hr 40min
Solution::
speed of the man = 3*18/5 kmph
= 54/5kmph
Distance covered in 5/3 hrs=54/5*5/3 = 18km
Solution::
Distance=Speed* time
4*11/4=11km
New speed =16.5kmph
therefore Time=D/S=11/16.5 = 40min
Complex Problems
Solution::
Time=50/60 hr=5/6hr
Speed=48mph
distance=S*T=48*5/6=40km
time=40/60hr=2/3hr
New speed = 40* 3/2 kmph= 60kmph
Solution::
Let total distance be S
total time=1hr24min
A to T :: speed=4kmph
diistance=2/3S
T to S :: speed=5km
distance=1-2/3S=1/3S
21/15 hr=2/3 S/4 + 1/3s /5
84=14/3S*3
S=84*3/14*3
= 6km
Solution::
Usual speed = S
Usual time = T
Distance = D
New Speed is ¾ S
New time is 4/3 T
4/3 T – T = 5/2
T=15/2 = 7 ½
Solution::
Let distance = x m
Usual rate = y kmph
x/y – x/y+3 = 40/60 hr
2y(y+3) = 9x ————–1
x/y-2 – x/y = 40/60 hr y(y-2) = 3x —————–2
Solution::
Due to stoppages,it covers 9km less.
time taken to cover 9 km is [9/54 *60] min = 10min
Solution::
The relative speed of the boys = 5.5kmph – 5kmph = 0.5 kmph
Distance between them is 8.5 km
Time= 8.5km / 0.5 kmph = 17 hrs
Solution::
In same time ,they cover 110km & 90 km respectively
so ratio of their speed =110:90 = 11:9
8)Two trains start from A & B and travel towards each other at
speed of 50kmph and 60kmph resp. At the time of the meeting the
second train has traveled 120km more than the first.the distance
between them.
Solution::
Let the distance traveled by the first train be x km
then distance covered by the second train is x + 120km
x/50 = x+120 / 60
x= 600
so the distance between A & B is x + x + 120 = 1320 km
9)A thief steals a ca r at 2.30pm and drives it at 60kmph.the
theft is discovered at 3pm and the owner sets off in another car
at 75kmph when will he overtake the thief
Solution::
Let the thief is overtaken x hrs after 2.30pm
distance covered by the thief in x hrs = distance covered by
the owner in x-1/2 hr
60x = 75 ( x- ½)
x= 5/2 hr
thief is overtaken at 2.30 pm + 2 ½ hr = 5 pm
Solution::
Ratio of speed = 3:4
Ratio of time = 4:3
let A takes 4x hrs,B takes 3x hrs
then 4x-3x = 30/60 hr
x = ½ hr
Time taken by A to reach the destination is 4x = 4 * ½ = 2 hr
Solution::
Total distance = 39 km
Total time = 45 min
D = S*T
x * 15/60 + 2x * 20/60 + x * 10/60 = 39 km
x = 36 kmph
Solution::
When same distance is covered with different speeds,then the
average speed = 2xy / x+y
=10.88kmph
13)A car covers 4 successive 3km stretches at speed of
10kmph,20kmph,30kmph&:60kmph resp. Its average speed is.
Solution::
Average speed = total distance / total time
total distance = 4 * 3 = 12 km
total time = 3/10 + 3/20 + 3/30 + 3/60
= 36/60 hr
speed =12/36 * 60 = 20 kmph
14)A person walks at 5kmph for 6hr and at 4kmph for 12hr.
The average speed is.
Solution::
avg speed = total distance/total time
= 5*6 + 4*12 / 18
=4 1/3 mph
Solution::
Time left = 10 – 3/5*10
= 4 hr
speed =40 km /4 hr
=10 kmph
Solution::
Ratio of speed = 2:3
Ratio of time = 3:2
A takes 10 min more
3x-2x = 10 min
A’s time=30 min
—>A covers the distance in 30 min ,if its speed is x
-> He will cover the same distance in 15 min,if its speed
doubles (i.e 2x)
Solution::
Let total distance is x
x-(3/5x + 17/20 x) =6.5
x- 19x/20 = 6.5
x=20 * 6.5
=130 km
Solution::
Let the distance between Meerut & Delhi be x
they meet after y hr after 7am
M covers x in 4hr
N covers x in 3 ½ i.e 7/2 hr
speed of M =x/4
speed of N = 2x/7
Distance covered by M in y+2 hr + Distance covered by N in
y hr is x
x/4 (y+2) +2x/7(y)=x
y=14/15hr or 56 min
20)A man takes 5hr 45min in walking to certain place and riding
back. He would have gained 2hrs by riding both ways.The time he
would take to walk both ways is?
Solution::
Let x be the speed of walked
Let y be the speed of ride
Let D be the distance
1)In water, the direction along the stream is called down stream.
Formulae:
Problems:
1. In one hour a boat goes 11 km long the stream and 5 km
against the stream. The speed of the boat in still water is?
Sol:
Speed in still water = ½ ( 11+5) km/hr= 8 kmph
2.A man can row 18 kmph in still water. It takes him thrice
as long as row up as to row down the river. find the rate
of stream.
Sol:
Let man’s rate up stream be xkmph
then, in still water =1/2[3x+x]=2x kmph
so, 2x= 18, x=9
rate upstream =9kmph
rate downstream =27 kmph
rate of stream = ½ [27-9]
= 9kmph
3.A man can row 71/2kmph in still water . if in a river running at 1.5 km an hour, if takes
him 50 min to row to place and back. how far off is the place?
Sol: speed down stream =7.5+1.5=9kmph
speed upstream =7.5-1.5=6kmph
let the required distence x km. then ,
x/9+x/6=50/60 = 2x+3x= 5/6*18
5x=15, x=3
Hence, the required distence is 3 km
7.At his usual rowing rate, Rahul 12 miles down stream in a certain river in 6 hrs less than
it takes him to travel the same distence upstream. but if he could double his usual rowing
rate for his 24 miles roundthe down stream 12 miles would then take only one hour less
than the up stream 12 miles.what is the speed of the current in miles per hours?
Sol: Let the speed in still water be x mph and the speed of
the curren be y mph.
then, speed upstream = (x-y)
speed downstream =(x+y)
12/(x-y) – 12/(x+y) = 6
6(x2 – y2) m= 2xy => x2 – y2 =4y -(1)
and 12/(2x-y) – 12/(2x+y) =1 => 4×2 – y2 = 24y
x2= ( 24y + y2)/4 –>(2)
from 1 and 2 we have
4y+ y2 =( 24y+y2)/4
y=8/3 mph
y= 22/3 mph
Sol:
speed downstream =14+4 =18 kmph
speed upstream = 14 -4 = 10 kmph
let the distence between A and B be x km. then,
x/18 + (x/2)/10 = 19
x/18 + x/20 =19
19x/180 =19 =>x = 180km
Hence, the distence between A and B bw 180 km
Problems on Ages
Simple problems:
2. One year ago the ratio of Ramu & Somu age was 6:7respectively. Four years hence their
ratio would become 7:8. How old is Somu.
3. The total age of A &B is 12 years more than the total age of
B&C. C is how many year younger than A.
5. The ratio of the age of a man & his wife is 4:3.After 4 years this ratio will be 9:7. If the
time of marriage the ratio was 5:3,
then how many years ago were they married.
6. Sneh’s age is 1/6th of her father’s age.Sneh’s father’s age will be twice the age of Vimal’s
age after 10 years. If Vimal’s eight
birthday was celebrated two years before,then what is Sneh’s
present age.
a) 6 2/3 years b) 24 years c) 30 years d) None of the above
7.The sum of the ages of the 5 children’s born at the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years
what is the age of the youngest child.
a) 4 years b) 8 years c) 10 years d)None of the above
Solution: Let the age of the children’s be
x ,x+3, x+6, x+9, x+12.
x+(x+3)+(x+6)+(x+9)+(x+12) = 50
5x+30 = 50
5x = 20
x=4.
Age of the youngest child is x = 4 years.
9.My brother is 3 years elder to me. My father was 28 years of age when my sister was born
while my father was 26 years of age when i was born. If my sister was 4 years of age when
my brotherwas born,then what was the age my father and mother respectively when my
brother was born.
a) 32 yrs, 23yrs b)32 yrs, 29yrs c)35 yrs,29yrs d)35yrs,33 yrs
Averages
Formula:
5.In a group the average income of 6 men is 500 and that of 5 women is 280, then what is
average income of the group.
Solution:
6*500+5*280=4400
then average is 4400/11=400.
Another Method: here consider for 6 men
6 men – each 500.
so 5th women is 280.
then 500-280=220.
then 220*6/11=120.
therefore 120+280=400.
Answer is 400.
Solution:
30 students average weight is 40 kgs.
So,when teacher weight is added it increases by 2 kgs
so total 31 persons ,therefore 31*2=62.
Now add the average weight of all student to it
we get teachers weight i.e, 62+40=102 kgs.
Answer is 102 kgs.
Solution:
4 years ago their average age is 28 years.
So their present average age is 32 years.
32 years for Mr and Mrs Sharma then 32*2=64 years.
Then present age including their son is 22 years.
So 22*3 =66 years.
Therefore son age will be 66-64 = 2 years.
Answer is 2 years.
16.The sum of three consecutive odd number is 48 more than the average of these
number .What is the first of these numbers?
Solution:
let the three consecutive odd numbers are x, x+2, x+4.
By adding them we get x+x+2+x+4=3x+6.
Then 3x+6-(3x+6)/3=38(given)
=>2(3x+6)=38*3.
=>6x+12=114
=>6x=102
=>x=17.
Answer is 17.
19.The average age of a class of 39 students is 15 years .If the age of the teacher be included
,then average increases by 3 months. Find the age of the teacher.
Solution: Total age for 39 persons is 39*15=585 years.
Now 40 persons is 40* 61/4=610 years
(since 15 years 3 months=15 3/12=61/4)
Age of the teacher =610-585 years
=>25 years.
Answer is 25 years.
20.The average weight of a 10 oarsmen in a boat is increases by 1.8 Kgs .When one of the
crew ,who weighs 53 Kgs is replaced by new man. Find the weight of the new man.
Solution: Weight of 10 oars men is increases by 1.8 Kgs
so, 10*1.8=18 Kgs
therefore 53+18=71 Kgs will be the weight of the man.
Answer is 71 Kgs.
21.A bats man makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his average
by 3. Find the average after 17th inning.
22.The average age of a class is 15.8 years .The average age of boys in the class is 16.4 years
while that of the girls is 15.4 years .What is the ratio of boys to girls in the class.
Solution: Ratio be k:1 then
k*16.4 + 1*15.4 = (k+1)*15.8
=>(16.4-15.8)k=15.8-15.4
=>k=0.4/0.6
=>k=2/3
therefore 2/3:1=>2:3
Answer is 2:3
23.In a cricket eleven ,the average of eleven players is 28 years .Out of these ,the average
ages of three groups of players each are 25 years,28 years, and 30 years respectively. If in
these groups ,the captain and the youngest player are not included and the captain is
eleven years older than the youngest players , what is the age of the captain?
Solution: let the age of youngest player be x
then ,age of the captain =(x+11)
therefore 3*25 + 3*28 + 3*30 + x + x+11=11*28
=>75+84+90+2x+11=308
=>2x=48
=>x=24.
Therefore age of the captain =(x+11)= 24+11= 35 years.
Answer is 35 years.
24.The average age of the boys in the class is twice the number of girls in the class .If the
ratio of boys and girls in the class of 36 be 5:1, what is the total of the age (in years) of the
boys in the class?
Solution: Number of boys=36*5/6=30
Number of girls =6
Average age of boys =2*6=12 years
Total age of the boys=30*12=360 years
Answer is 360 years.
25.Five years ago, the average age of P and Q was 15 years ,average age of P,Q, and R
today is 20 years,how old will R be after 10 years?
Solution: Age of P and Q are 15*2=30 years
Present age of P and Q is 30+5*2=40 years.
Age of P Q and R is 20*3= 60 years.
R ,present age is 60-40=20 years
After 10 years =20+10=30 years.
Answer is 30 years.
26.The average weight of 3 men A,B and C is 84 Kgs. Another man D joins the group and
the average now becomes 80 Kgs.If another man E whose weight is 3 Kgs more than that of
D ,replaces A then the
average weight B,C,D and E becomes 79 Kgs. The weight of A is.
Solution:Total weight of A, B and C is 84 * 3 =252 Kgs.
Total weight of A,B,C and Dis 80*4=320 Kgs
Therefore D=320-252=68 Kgs.
E weight (68+3)=71 kgs
Total weight of B,C,D and E = 79*4=316 Kgs
(A+B+C+D)-(B+C+D+E)=320-316 =4Kgs
A-E=4Kgs
A-71=4 kgs
A=75 Kgs
Answer is 75 kgs
28.A man whose bowling average is 12.4,takes 5 wickets for 26 runs and there by decrease
his average by 0.4. The number of wickets,taken by him before his last match is:
Solution: Number of wickets taken before last match be x.
therefore 12.4×26/x+5=12(since average decrease by 0.4
therefore 12.4-0.4=12)
=>12.4x+2612x+60
=>0.4x=34
=>x=340/4
=>x=85.
Answer is 85.
30. 16 children are to be divided into two groups A and B of 10 and 6 children. The average
percent marks obtained by the children of group A is 75 and the average percent marks of
all the 16 children is 76. What is the average percent marks of children of groups B?
Solution: Here given average of group A and whole groups .
So,(76*16)-(75*10)/6
=>1216-750/6
=>466/6=233/3=77 2/3
Answer is 77 2/3.
31.Of the three numbers the first is twice the second and the second is twice the third .The
average of the reciprocal of the numbers is 7/72,the number are.
Solution:Let the third number be x
Let the second number be 2x.
Let the first number be 4x.
Therefore average of the reciprocal means
1/x+1/2x+1/4x=(7/72*3)
7/4x=7/24
=>4x=24
x=6.
Therefore
First number is 4*6=24.
Second number is 2*6=12
Third number is 1*6=6
Answer is 24,12,6.
32.The average of 5 numbers is 7.When 3 new numbers are added the average of the eight
numbers is 8.5. The average of the three new number is:
Solution: Sum of three new numbers=(8*8.5-5*7)=33
Their average =33/3=11.
Answer is 11.
33.The average temperature of the town in the first four days of a month was 58 degrees.
The average for the second ,third,fourth and fifth days was 60 degree .If the temperature of
the first and
fifth days were in the ratio 7:8 then what is the temperature on the fifth day?
Solution :
Sum of temperature on 1st 2nd 3rd
and 4th days =58*4=232 degrees.
Sum of temperature on 2nd 3rd 4th
and 5th days =60*4=240 degrees
Therefore 5th day temperature is 240-232=8 degrees.
The ratio given for 1st and 5th days be 7x and 8x degrees
then 8x-7x=8
=>x=8.
therefore temperature on the 5th day =8x=8*8=64 degrees.
SURDS AND INDICES
Simple problems:
1. Laws of Indices:
(i) am * an = a(m+n)
(ii) am / an = a(m-n)
(iii) (am)n = a(m*n)
(iv) (ab)n = an * bn
(v) (a/b)n = an / bn
(vi) a0 = 1
2.Surds :Let ‘a’ be a rational number & ‘n’ be a positive integer such that a1/n = nth root a
is irrational.Then nth root a is called ‘a’ surd of ‘n’.
Problems:-
(1)
(i) (27)2/3 = (33)2/3 = 32 = 9.
(ii) (1024)-4/5 = (45)-4/5 = (4)-4= 1/(4)4 = 1/256.
(iii)(8/125)-4/3 =((2/5)3)-4/3 = (2/5)-4 = (5/2)4 = 625/16
Solution: [5[(23)1/3+(33)1/3]3]1/4
[5[2+3]3]1/4
[54]1/4 => 5.
(8)Simplify (xa/xb)a2+ab+b2*(xb/xc)b2+bc+c2*(xc/xa)c2+ca+a2
Solution:[xa-b]a2+ab+b2 * [xb-c]b2+bc+c2 * [xc-a]c2+ca+a2
[ (a-b)(a2+ab+b2) = a3-b3]
from the above formula
=> xa3-b3 xb3-c3 xc3-a3
=> xa3-b3+b3-c3+c3-a3
=> x0 = 1
(12) 1/(1+xb-a+xc-a)+1/(1+xa-b+xc-b)+1/(1+xb-c+xa-c)=?
(a) 0 (b) 1 ( c ) xa-b-c (d) None of the above
Solution: 1/ (1+xb/xa+xc/xa) + 1/(1+xa/xb +xc/xb) +
1/(1+xb/xc +xa/xc)
=> xa /(xa +xb+xc) + xb/(xa +xb+xc) +xc/(xa +xb+xc)
=>(xa +xb+xc) /(xa +xb+xc)
=>1
Ans: (b)
(14) (xb/xc)b+c-a (xc/xa)c+a-b (xa/xb)b+a-c = ? (a) xabc (b) 1 ( c) xab+bc+ca (d) xa+b+c
Solution: ax = b
(cz)x = b [cz = a]
by)xz = b [by = c]
=>xyz =1
Ans: (b)
(18) If 2x = 4y =8z and (1/2x +1/4y +1/6z) =24/7 then the value of ‘z’ is
(a) 7/16 (b) 7 / 32 (c ) 7/48 (d) 7/64
Solution: 2x = 4y=8z
2x = 22y = 23z
x= 2y = 3z
Multiply above equation with ‘ 2’
2x = 4y= 6z
(1/2x+1/4y+1/6z) = 24/7
=>(1/6z+1/6z+1/6z) = 24/7
=> 3 / 6z = 24/7
=> z= 7/48
Ans: ( c)
PERCENTAGES
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS:
10.If the sales tax be reduced from 3 ½ % to 3 1/3 % ,then what difference does it make to
a person who purchases an article with marked price of RS 8400?
SOLUTION:
Required difference = 3 ½ % of 8400 – 3 1/3 % of 8400
=(7/2-10/3)% of 8400
=1/6 % of 8400
= 1/6* 1/100* 8400
= Rs 14.
11. A rejects 0.08% of the meters as defective .How many will he examine to reject 2?
SOLUTION:
Let the number of meters to be examined be x.
Then 0.08% of x=2.
0.08/100*x= 2
x= 2 * 100/0.08
=2 * 100 * 100/8
= 2500
12.65 % of a number is 21 less than 4/5 of that number. What is the number?
SOLUTION: Let the number be x.
4/5 x- (65% of x) = 21
4/5x – 65/100 x=21
15x=2100
x=140
13. Difference of two numbers is 1660.If 7.5 % of one number is 12.5% of the other
number. Find two numbers?
SOLUTION:
Let the two numbers be x and y.
7.5% of x=12.5% of y
So 75x=125 y
3x=5y
x=5/3y.
Now x-y=1660
5/3y-y=1660
2/3y=1660
y=2490
So x= 2490+1660
=4150.
So the numbers are 4150 , 1660.
14. In expressing a length 81.472 KM as nearly as possible with 3 significant digits ,Find the
% error?
SOLUTION:
Error= 81.5-81.472=0.028
So the required percentage = 0.028/81.472*100%
= 0.034%
15. In an election between two persons ,75% of the voters cast their votes out of which 2%
are invalid. A got 9261 which 75% of the total valid votes. Find total number of votes?
SOLUTION:
Let x be the total votes.
valid votes are 98% of 75% of x.
So 75%(98%(75% of x))) = 9261
==> 75/100 *98 /100 * 75 100 *x = 9261
x= 1029 * 4 *100 *4 / 9
= 16800
So total no of votes = 16800
16 . A’s maths test had 75 problems i.e 10 arithmetic, 30 algebra and 35 geometry
problems. Although he answered 70% of arithmetic , 40% of algebra and 60 % of
geometry problems correctly he didn’t pass the test because he got less than 60% of the
problems right. How many more questions he would have needed to answer correctly to get
a 60% passing grade.
SOLUTION:
70% of 10 =70/100 * 10
=7
40% of 30 = 40 / 100 * 30
= 12
60 % of 35 = 60 / 100 *35
= 21
So correctly attempted questions = 7 + 12 + 21
=40.
Questions to be answered correctly for 60% grade
=60% of 75
= 60/100 *75
=45.
So required questions=45-40 = 5
18 . If the price of tea is increased by 20% ,find how much percent must a householder
reduce her consumption of tea so as not to increase the expenditure?
SOLUTION:
Reduction in consumption= R/(100+R) *100%
=20/120 *100
= 16 2/3 %
19.The population of a town is 176400 . If it increases at the rate of 5% per annum ,what
will be the population 2 years hence? What was it 2 years ago?
SOLUTION:
Population After 2 years = 176400[1+5/100]2
=176400 * 21/20 *21/20
=194481
Population 2 years ago = 176400/(1+5/100)2
= 176400 * 20/21 *20/ 21
=160000
20.1 liter of water is add to 5 liters of a 20 % solution of alcohol in water . Find the strength
of alcohol in new solution?
SOLUTION:
Alcohol in 5 liters = 20% of 5
=1 liter
Alcohol in 6 liters of new mixture = 1liter
So % of alcohol is =1/6 *100=16 2/3%
21. If A earns 33 1/3 more than B .Then B earns less than A by what percent?
SOLUTION:
33 1/3 =100 / 3
Required Percentage = (100/3)/(100 + (100/3)) *100 %
= 100/400 *100 = 25 %
22. A school has only three classes which contain 40,50,60 students respectively . The pass
percent of these classes are 10, 20 and 10 respectively . Then find the pass percent in the
school.
SOLUTION:
Number of passed candidates =
10/100*40+20/100 *50+10/100 * 60
=4+10+6
=20
Total students in school = 40+50+60 =150
So required percentage = 20/150 *100
= 40 /3
=13 1/3 %
23. There are 600 boys in a hostel . Each plays either hockey or football or both .If 75%
play hockey and 45 % play football ,Find how many play both?
SOLUTION:
n(A)=75/100 *600
=450
n(B) = 45/100 *600
= 270
n(A^B)=n(A) + n(B) – n(AUB)
=450 + 270 -600
=120
So 120 boys play both the games.
24.A bag contains 600 coins of 25p denomination and 1200 coins of 50p denomination. If
12% of 25p coins and 24 % of 50p coins are removed, Find the percentage of money
removed from the bag ?
SOLUTION:
Total money = (600 * 25/100 +1200 *50/100)
=Rs 750
25p coins removed = 12/100 *600
=72
50p coins removed = 24/100 *1200
=288
So money removed =72 *1/4 +288 *1/2
= Rs 162
So required percentage=162/750 *100
=21 .6%
25. P is six times as large as Q.Find the percent that Q is less than P?
SOLUTION:
Given that P= 6Q
So Q is less than P by 5Q.
Required percentage= 5Q/P*100 %
=5/6 * 100 %
=83 1/3%
26.For a sphere of radius 10 cm ,the numerical value of surface area is what percent of the
numerical value of its volume?
SOLUTION:
Surface area = 4 *22/7 *r2
= 3/r(4/3 * 22/7 * r3)
=3/r * VOLUME
Where r = 10 cm
So we have S= 3/10 V
=3/10 *100 % of V
= 30 % of V
So surface area is 30 % of Volume.
27. A reduction of 21 % in the price of wheat enables a person to buy 10 .5 kg more for Rs
100.What is the reduced price per kg.
SOLUTION:
Let the original price = Rs x/kg
Reduced price =79/100x /kg
==> 100/(79x/100)-100/x =10.5
==> 10000/79x-100/x=10.5
==> 10000-7900=10.5 * 79 x
==> x= 2100/10.5 *79
So required price = Rs (79/100 *2100/10.5 *79) /kg
= Rs 2 per kg.
28.The length of a rectangle is increased by 60 % .By what percent would the width have to
be decreased to maintain the same area?
SOLUTION:
Let the length =l,Breadth= b.
Let the required decrease in breadth be x %
then 160/100 l *(100-x)/100 b=lb
160(100-x)=100 *100
or 100-x =10000/160
=125/2
so x = 100-125/2
APTITUDE-Problems on Numbers
Introduction:
Natural Numbers:
There are infinite natural numbers and number 1 is the least natural number.Based on divisibility
there would be two types of natural numbers. They are Prime and composite.
Prime Numbers:
A natural number larger than unity is a prime number if it does not have other divisors except for
itself and unity.
Composite Numbers:
The numbers which are not prime are known as composite numbers.
Co-Primes:
place value:
Example 689745132
Place value of 2 is (2*1)=2
Place value of 3 is (3*10)=30 and so on.
Face value:-It is the value of the digit itself at whatever
place it may be.
Example 689745132
Face value of 2 is 2.
Face value of 3 is 3 and so on.
Tests of Divisibility:
Divisibility by 4:-A number is divisible by 4,if the number formed by last two digits is divisible
by 4.
Divisibility by 8:-A number is divisible by 8 if the last 3 digits of the number are divisible by 8.
Divisibility by 11:-If the difference of the sum of the digits in the odd places and the sum of the
digitsin the even places is zero or divisible
by 11.
Example 4832718
(8+7+3+4) – (1+2+8)=11 which is divisible by 11.
Divisibility by 7,11,13:-The difference of the number of its thousands and the remainder of its
division by 1000 is divisible by 7,11,13.
BASIC FORMULAE:
->(a+b)²=a²+b²+2ab
->(a-b)²=a²+b²-2ab
->(a+b)²-(a-b)²=4ab
->(a+b)²+(a-b)²=2(a²+b²)
->a²-b²=(a+b)(a-b)
->(a-+b+c)²=a²+b²+c²+2(ab+b c+ca)
->a³+b³=(a+b)(a²+b²-ab)
->a³-b³=(a-b)(a²+b²+ab)
->a³+b³+c³-3a b c=(a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²-ab-b c-ca)
->If a+b+c=0 then a³+b³+c³=3a b c
DIVISION ALGORITHM
a)a*(b+c)=a*b+a*c
b)a*(b-c)=a*b-a*c
Example
a)567958*99999=567958*(100000-1)
567958*100000-567958*1
56795800000-567958
56795232042
b)978*184+978*816=978*(184+816)
978*1000=978000
Example 975436*625=975436*54=9754360000/16=609647500.
PROGRESSION:
A succession of numbers formed and arranged in a definite order according to certain definite
rule is called a progression.
Important Results:
a.1+2+3+4+5………………….=n(n+1)/2.
b.12+22+32+42+52………………….=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6.
c.13+23+33+43+53………………….=n2(n+1)2/4
Problems
1.Simplify
a.8888+888+88+8
b.11992-7823-456
Solution: a.8888
888
88
8
9872
b.11992-7823-456=11992-(7823+456)
=11992-8279=3713
Solution: 5 P Q
3R7
2Q8
11 1 4
2+P+Q+R=11
Maximum value of Q =11-2=9 (P=0,R=0)
Solution:
a. 5793405*9999=5793405*(10000-1)
57934050000-5793405=57928256595
b. 839478*625=839478*54=8394780000/16=524673750.
4.Evaluate 313*313+287*287
Solution:
a²+b²=1/2((a+b)²+(a-b)²)
1/2(313+287)² +(313-287)²=1/2(600 ² +26 ² )
½(360000+676)=180338
Solution:
a.241
16>√241.Hence take the value of Z=16.
Prime numbers less than 16 are 2,3,5,7,11 and 13.
241 is not divisible by any of these. Hence we can
conclude that 241 is a prime number.
b. 337
19>√337.Hence take the value of Z=19.
Prime numbers less than 16 are 2,3,5,7,11,13 and 17.
337 is not divisible by any of these. Hence we can conclude
that 337 is a prime number.
c. 391
20>√391.Hence take the value of Z=20.
Prime numbers less than 16 are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17 and 19.
391 is divisible by 17. Hence we can conclude
that 391 is not a prime number.
10.What least number must be added to 3000 to obtain a number exactly divisible by 19?
Solution:On dividing 3000 by 19 we get 17 as remainder
Therefore number to be added = 19-17=2.
12.On dividing 15968 by a certain number the quotient is 89 and the remainder is 37.Find
the divisor?
Solution:Divisor = (Dividend-Remainder)/Quotient
=(15968-37) / 89
=179.
13.A number when divided by 342 gives a remainder 47.When the same number is divided
by 19 what would be the remainder?
14.A number being successively divided by 3,5,8 leaves remainders 1,4,7 respectively. Find
the respective remainders if the order of divisors are reversed?
3 x 5 y – 1 8 z – 4 1 – 7 z=8*1+7=15
y=5z+4 = 5*15+4 = 79
x=3y+1 = 3*79+1=238
Now
8 238
5 29 – 6
35–4
1–2
Respective remainders are 6,4,2.
19.2+22+23+24+25……….+28=?
Solution:1000+N>1000N
clearly N=1.
21.The sum of all possible two digit numbers formed from three
different one digit natural numbers when divided by the sum of the
original three numbers is equal to?
a.18 b.22 c.36 d. none
22.The sum of three prime numbers is 100.If one of them exceeds another by 36 then one of
the numbers is?
a.7 b.29 c.41 d67.
Solution:x+(x+36)+y=100
2x+y=64
Therefore y must be even prime which is 2
2x+2=64=>x=31.
Third prime number =x+36=31+36=67.
23.A number when divided by the sum of 555 and 445 gives two times their difference as
quotient and 30 as remainder .The number is?
a.1220 b.1250 c.22030 d.220030.
Solution:Number=(555+445)*(555-445)*2+30
=(555+445)*2*110+30
=220000+30=220030.
24.The difference between two numbers s 1365.When the larger number is divided by the
smaller one the quotient is 6 and the remainder is 15.
The smaller number is?
a.240 b.270 c.295 d.360
Solution:Dividend=12*35=420.
Now dividend =420 and divisor =21.
APTITUDE-Problems on RATIO AND PROPORTION
Important Facts:
1.Ratio : The ratio of two qualities a and b in the same units, is the fraction a/b and we write it as
a:b. In the ratio, a:b, we call a as the first term of antecedent and b, the second term consequent.
Ex: The ratio 5:9 represents 5/9 with antecedent=5 ,consequent=9
3Rule: The multiplication or division of each term of 9 ratio by the same non-zero number does
not affect the ratio.
4.Proportion: The equality of two ratios is called proportion. If a:b=c:d, we write a:b::c:d and
we say that a,b,c and d are in proportion. Here a and b are called extremes, while b and c are
called mean terms.
Product of means=product of extremes
Thus, a:b::c:d => (b*c)=(a*d)
5.Fourth proportional: If a:b::c:d, then d is called the fourth proportional to a,b and c.
COMPARISION OF RATIOS:
8.Compounded ratio: The compounded ratio of the ratios (a:b), (c:d),(e:f) is (ace:bdf).
VARIATION:
14.we say that x is directly proportional to y, if x=ky for some constant k and we write.
15.We say that x is inversely proportional to y, if xy=k for some constant and we write.
16. X is inversely proportional to y.
If a/b=c/d=e/f=g/h=k then
k=(a+c+e+g)/(b+d+f+h)
If a1/b1,a2/b2, a3/b3…………..an/bn are unequal
fractions then the ratio.
SIMPLE PROBLEMS
DIFFICULT PROBLEMS
1.Three containers A,B and C are having mixtures of milk and water in the ratio of 1:5 and
3:5 and 5:7 respectively. If the capacities of the containers are in the ratio of all the three
containers are in the ratio 5:4:5, find the ratio of milk to water, if the mixtures of all the
three containers are mixed together.
Sol: Assume that there are 500,400 and 500 liters respectively in the 3 containers.
Then ,we have, 83.33, 150 and 208.33 liters of milk in each of the three containers.
Thus, the total milk is 441.66 liters. Hence, the amount of water in the mixture is 1400-
441.66=958.33liters.
Hence, the ratio of milk to water is 441.66:958.33 => 53:115(using division by .3333)
The calculation thought process should be
(441*2+2):(958*3+1)=1325:2875
Dividing by 25 => 53:115.
2.A certain number of one rupee,fifty parse and twenty five paise coins are in the ratio of
2:5:3:4, add up to Rs 210. How many 50 paise coins were there?
Sol: the ratio of 2.5:3:4 can be written as 5:6:8
let us assume that there are 5 one rupee coins,6 fifty paise coins and 8 twenty-five paise coins in
all.
their value=(5*1)+(6*.50)+(8*.25)=5+3+2=Rs 10
If the total is Rs 10,number of 50 paise coins are 6.
if the total is Rs 210, number of 50 paise coins would be 210*6/10=126.
3.The incomes of A and B are in the ratio of 4:3 and their expenditure are in the ratio of
2:1 . if each one saves Rs 1000,what are their incomes?
Sol: Ratio of incomes of A and B=4:3
Ratio of expenditures of A and B=2:1
Amount of money saved by A=Amount of money saved by B
=Rs 1000
let the incomes of A and B be 4x and 3x respectively
let the expense of A and B be 2y and 1yrespectively
Amount of money saved by A=(income-expenditure)=4x-2y=
Rs 1000
Amount of money saved by B=3x-y=Rs 1000
this can be even written as 6x-2y=Rs 2000
now solve 1 and 3 to get
x=Rs 500
therefore income of A=4x=4*500=Rs 2000
income of B=3x=3*500=Rs 1500
4.A sum of Rs 1162 is divided among A,B and C. Such that 4 times A’s share share is equal
to 5 times B’s share and 7 times C’s share . What is the share of C?
Sol: 4 times of A’s share =5 times of B’s share=7 times of C’s share=1
therefore , the ratio of their share =1/4:1/5:1/7
LCM of 4,5,7=140
therefore, ¼:1/5:1/7=35:28:20
the ratio now can be written as 35:28:20
therefore C’s share=(20/83)*1162=20*14=Rs 280.
5.The ratio of the present ages of saritha and her mother is 2:9, mother’s age at the time of
saritha’s birth was 28 years , what is saritha’s present age?
Sol: ratio of ages of saritha and her mother =2:9
let the present age of saritha be 2x years. then the mother’s present age would be 9x years
Difference in their ages =28 years
9x-2x=28 years
7x=28=>x=4
therefore saritha’s age =2*4=8 years
96
–4
————–
92
————–
4*4=16
9216
98
–2
————-
96
————-
2*2=4
9 6 0 4.
so, we get the product of 98*98=9604.
76
+ 144
——————–
7744
——————–
42/2=21
now place 4*4=16 beside 21
2116
37
13
—————–
2 4 as 50 = 100/2
24/2=12
square 13* 13=169
12
+169
———————–
1369
————————-
Examples:
i)(32.4/?)1/2 = 2
ii)86.491/2 + (5+?1/2)2 =12.3
Solution: 1) (32.4/x)1/2=2
Squaring on both sides we get
32.4/x=4
=>4x=32.4
=>x=8.1
Answer is 8.1
ii)86.491/2 + √(5+x2)=12.3
Solution: 0.13/p2=13
=>p2=0.13/13
=1/100
p2=√(1/100)
=>p=1/10
therefore p=0.1
Answer is 0.1
Solution
37+(0.0615+x)1/2=37.25(since 37*37=1369)
=>(0.0615+x)1/2=0.25
Squaring on both sides
(0.0615+x)=0.0625
x=0.001
x=10-3.
Answer is 10-3.
Solution: √(x-1)(y+2)=7
Squaring on both sides we get
(x-1)(y+2)=72
x-1=7 and y+2=7
therefore x=8 , y=5.
Answer x=8 ,y=5.
Solution: 3*51/2+1251/2=17.88
3*51/2+(25*5)1/2=17.88
3*51/2+5*51/2=17.88
8*51/2=17.88
51/2=2.235
therefore 801/2+6 51/2=(16*51/2)+6*1/25
=4 51/2+6 51/2
=10*2.235
=22.35
Answer is 22.35
Solution: 4b=6c
=>b=3/2*c
3a=4b
=>a=4/3b
=>a=4/3(3/2c)=2c
therefore a+b+c=27*291/2
2c+3/2c+c=27*291/2
=>4c+3c+2c/2=27*291/2
=>9/2c=27*291/2
c=27*291/2*2/9
c=6*291/2
Solution:
Here a*b=(a2+b2)1/2
therefore 5*12=(52+122)1/2
=(25+144)1/2
=1691/2
=13
Answer is 13.
14.A man plants 15376 apples trees in his garden and arranges
them so, that there are as many rows as there are apples trees
in each row .The number of rows is.
18.3(4*12/125)1/2=?
Solution: 3(512/125)1/2
3(8*8*8)1/2/(5*5*5)
3(83)1/2/(53)
((83)/(53))1/3
=>8/5 or 1 3/5.
H.C.F AND L.C.M
The H.C.F of two or more than two numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them
exactly.
There are two methods :
1.Factorization method: Express each one of the given numbers as the product of prime factors.
The product of least powers of common prime factors gives HCF.
Example : Find HCF of 26 * 32*5*74 , 22 *35*52 * 76 , 2*52 *72
Sol: The prime numbers given common numbers are 2,5,7
Therefore HCF is 22 * 5 *72 .
1134) 1215(1
1134
———-
81)1134(14
81
———–
324
324
———–
0
———–
HCF of this two numbers is 81.
81)513(6
486
——–
27)81(3
81
—–
0
—
Problems:
1.The HCF of 2 numbers is 11 and LCM is 693.If one of numbers is 77.find other.
Sol: Other number = 11 * 693/77=99.
3.Find least number which when divided by 20,25,35,40 leaves remainders 14,19,29,34.
Sol:
20–14=6
25-19=6
35-29=6
40-34=6
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
7
prime factor is 2 *2 * 3 * 3 *7
1095)1168(1
1095
——
73)1095(15
73
———
365
365
———
0
———-
So, HCF is 73
Therefore
1095/1168 = 1095/73/1168/73= 15/16
6.GCD of 1.08,0.36,0.9 is
Sol:
HCF of 108,36,90
36)90(2
72
—-
18)36(2
36
—-
0
—-
HCF is 18.
2x)3x(1
2x
—–
x)2x(2
2x
——–
0
————-
HCF is x so, x is 12
Therefore numbers are 12,24,36.
27a + 27 b =216
a + b =216/27=8
9.LCM of two numbers is 48..The numbers are in ratio 2:3.The sum of numbers is
Sol:
Let the number be x.
Numbers are 2x,3x
LCM of 2x,3x is 6x
Therefore
6x=48
x=8.
Numbers are 16 and 24
Sum=16 +24=40.
10.HCF and LCM of two numbers are 84 and 21.If ratio of two numbers is 1:4.Then
largest of two numbers is
Sol:
Let the numbers be x,4x
Then x * 4x = 84 * 21
x2 =84 * 21 /4
x = 21
Largest number is 4 * 21.
11.HCF of two numbers is 23,and other factors of LCM are 13,14.Largest number is
Sol:
23 * 14 is Largest number.
12.The maximum number of students among them 1001 pens and 910 pencils can be
distributed in such a way that each student gets same number of pens and pencils is ?
Sol:
HCF of 1001 and 910
910)1001(1
910
————
91)910(10
910
——–
0
———
Therefore HCF=91
13.The least number which should be added to 2497 so that sum is divisible by 5,6,4,3 ?
Sol: LCM of 5,6,4,3 is 60.
On dividing 2497 by 60 we get 37 as remainder.
Therefore number to added is 60 – 37 =23.
Answer is 23.
14.The least number which is a perfect square and is divisible by each of numbers 16,20,24
is ?
Sol: LCM of 16,20,24 is 240.
2 * 2*2*2*3*5=240
To make it a perfect square multiply by 3 * 5
Therefore 240 * 3 * 5=3600
Answer is 3600.