% Of related interest... NDISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Henry W. Ott ‘This comprehensive reference book solves the perplexing problem of noise suppression, Emphasizes shielding, grounding, balancing, and filtering. Fea tures include a checklist of the more commonly used noise reduction tech- hiques, practical examples of solutions to the problem, and bibliographical references. 1976 (0.471-65726-3) 294 pp. LOW-NOISE ELECTRONIC DESIGN C.D Motchenbacher & F C. Fitchen Offers practicing electrical enginers and technicians complete coverage of the problems of low-noise design in a simplified, practical manner. Special emphasis is on a logical approach to the subject and specific techniques useful in the design of low-noise systems. Among the materials presented fare a computer program for the calculation and integration of noise, new information on noise in passive components, and many practical design examples 1973 (0.471-61950-7) 358 pp. ELECTRONICS Circuits and Devices, 2nd Edition Ralph J. Smith A teachable treatment of integrated circuits, digital devices, microproces- ‘sors, and operational amplifiers. Includes the first presentation of micropro: cessors in an introductory text, an exceptionally clear explanation of physi- cal concepts involved in the operation of diodes, FETS and BJTs that uses mathematics to formalize the results, 1980 (0.471-05344-9) 494 pp. ‘WILEY-INTERSCIENCE a division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY. 10158 New York * Chichester « Brisbane «Toronto» Singapore ISBNO.471 89235.1 NOISE IN RECEIVING SYSTEMS SINGLSAS SNIAGIIY Ni 3SION Raoul PettaiCONTENTS LIST OF SYMBOLS xvii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2. OVERVIEW OF COMMON NOISE SOURCES 4 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Intermodulation and Crosstalk Noise, 6 Quantization Noise, 7 Phase Noise, 7 Popcorn Noise, 8 Flicker or 1/f Noise, 8 Shot Noise, 10 Quantum Noise, 11 ‘Sky Noise and Noise in the Earth’s Atmosphere, 12 References, 15 3. THERMAL NOISE " an Basic Concepts, 18x coNTENTS Root-Mean-Square Value, 18 Correlation, 20 Thermal Noise in Lumped Circuits, 26 Transmission-Line Approach, 30 Noise Bandwidth, 32 Designation of Bandwidth and Spectral Density, 38 ‘Summary, 38 References, 39 4 RANDOM VARIABL 4a 42 43 44 45 46 47 'S AND PROCESSES, Random Signals and Probability Functions, 42 Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), 43 Discrete Random Variable, 45 Continuous Random Variable, 46 Probability Density Function (PDF), 47 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation, 48 Gaussian Probability Density, 53 Peak Factor, $7 Summary, 58 References, 59 5. SINGLE:-PORT NETWORKS, 51 52 53. Equal Temperatures, 60, Unequal Temperatures, 66 Summary, 68 References, 69 6 TWO-PORT NETWORKS 61 62 63 Review of Linear Two-Ports, 70 Application to Noisy Two-Ports, 74 Summary, 77 References, 78 7 DEFINITION OF GAIN mM 12 Voltage and Current Gains 4, and 4,, 80 Direct Power Gain G,. 81 3 4 18 16 7 78. 19 CONTENTS xt Insertion Power Gain G, 83 ‘Transducer Power Gain G,, 85 Available Power Gain G,, 87 Power Gain in Matched Circuits, 88 Calculation of Available Power Gain, 89 Shunt Resistor, 89 Shunt Reactance, 90 Amplifier, 91 Signal Gain G,, 94 ‘Summary, 95 40 References, 96 8 NOISE TEMPERATURE 7 89 8.10 Input Noise Temperature, 98 Operating Noise Temperatere, 102 Average Noise Temperature, 105 Measurement of T,, 107 Networks in Cascade, 108 Input Noise Temperature of a Matched Attenuator, 109 Effect of Input Loss on Toy, 113 System Applications, 114 Cascade Formula, 116 Walk-Through Method, 117 Summation Method, 120 Pierce's Rule, 121 The G/T Ratio, 123 Summary, 125 References, 126 ” 9. NOISE FACTOR AND NOISE FIGURE 127 94 Definitions and Properties, 128 Relationship to 7, and the Cascade Formula, 131 Noise Model in Terms of F, 133 Application of the Noise Factor, 134 Shunt Resistor, 134 Matched Attenuator, 136 Directional Coupler, 138 deal Isolator, 139