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On GSM

GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed to provide voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It was introduced in the 1990s to address issues with earlier analog cellular standards. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously. The network consists of the BSS including BTSs and BSCs to manage radio resources, and the NSS including the MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR and AUC to manage switching, routing, authentication, and security. GSM provides benefits over analog networks like increased capacity, international roaming, and better security through encryption and authentication.

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Laveesh Agrawal
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5K views25 pages

On GSM

GSM is a second generation cellular standard developed to provide voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It was introduced in the 1990s to address issues with earlier analog cellular standards. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously. The network consists of the BSS including BTSs and BSCs to manage radio resources, and the NSS including the MSC, HLR, VLR, EIR and AUC to manage switching, routing, authentication, and security. GSM provides benefits over analog networks like increased capacity, international roaming, and better security through encryption and authentication.

Uploaded by

Laveesh Agrawal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation on GSM

Network
What is GSM ???
 Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second
generation cellular standard developed to cater
voice services and data delivery using digital
modulation
HISTORY
Early 1980s there was analog technologies:
 Advanced Mobile Phone Services(AMPS)in
North America.
 Total Access Communications
System(TACS)
in the UK.
 Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) in Nordic
countries.
During 1990 many digital mobile standards were
introduced in different regions/ countries
DAMPS ( Digital Advance Mobile Phone
Service)
GSM ( Global System for Mobile
Communications)
CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access )
These are known as 2nd Generation System
GSM in India
Figures: March 2005
Reliance
3%
Spice MTNL Bharti
Aircel
4% 2% BSNL
4% Bharti
27% Hutch
BPL
6% IDEA
BPL
IDEA Aircel
13%
BSNL Spice
Hutch 22% Reliance
19%
MTNL
GSM Specifications-1
 RF Spectrum
GSM 900
Mobile to BTS (uplink): 890-915 MHz
BTS to Mobile(downlink):935-960 MHz
Bandwidth : 2* 25 MHz

GSM 1800
Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785 MHz
BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880 MHz
Bandwidth : 2* 75 MHz
GSM Specification-II
 Carrier Separation : 200 KHz
 Duplex Distance : 45 MHz
 No. of RF carriers : 124
 Access Method : TDMA/FDMA
 Modulation Method : GMSK
 Modulation data rate : 270.833 Kbps
GSM Services
Tele-services – Telecommunication services
that enables voice communication via mobile
phones.
Bearer or Data Services- include various data
services for data transfer,SMS,electronic mail.
Supplementary services- call related services.
GSM Cell
Structure

The power level


of a
transmitter within a
single cell must be
limited to reduce
the
interference with
the
neighbouring cells.
Neighbouring
cells
cannot share the
same channels
 Different size of
patterns: 4,7,12 or
21
cells in one cluster
GSM Architecture
GSM Broad parts

Base Station
Subsystem(B
SS)
= BTS +
BSC
BTS

 Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
 serves a single cell
usually placed in the
centre of a cell
coding
 encrypting
 multiplexing
 modulating
synchronizing
Base Station Controller(BSC)
 Manages Radio resources for BTS
 Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s in its
area
 Handles call set up
 Handover for each MS
 Radio Power control
 It communicates with MSC and BTS
 The Transcoder
and adaptation
unit(TRAU)
(13Kbps speech or
data+ 3Kbps
additional
synchronizing
data)*4
=64Kbps (TRAU
Standard rate)
Mobile Switching Centre(MSC)
 The central component of the Network Subsystem
 (30 + 2)* 64Kbps = 2,048Mbps(E1) or better to
the other network interfaces(PSDN,ISDN)
 Billing
 Location registration
 Gateway to SMS
 Synchronizing BSS
 Handover management
The Registers Completing the
NSS
 Home Location Register (HLR) contains all
information of each subscriber registered in the
corresponding GSM network
 Visitor location Register (VLR) contains selected
information from the HLR, which is necessary for
call control and provision of the subscribed
services, for each mobile currently located in the
geographical area controlled by the VLR
 NSS = HLR + VLR + MSC
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR) contains a
list of all valid mobile equipment on the
network
 Authentication Centre (AUC) stores a copy of
the secret key stored in each subscribers
 SIM card
 EIR and AUC are used for security and
authentication purposes
Call Routing
 Call Originating from MS
 Call termination to MS
Outgoing Call
1. MS sends dialled number to BSS

2. BSS sends dialled number to


MSC
3 MSC checks VLR if MS is
allowed the requested service.If
so,MSC asks BSS to allocate
resources for call.
4 MSC routes the call to GMSC
5 GMSC routes the call to local
exchange of called user
6 Answer back(ring back) tone is
routed from called user to MS
via GMSC,MSC,BSS
Incoming Call
1. Calling a GSM
subscribers
2. Forwarding call to
GSMC
3. Signal Setup to HLR
4. Request MSRN from
VLR
5. Forward responsible
MSC to GMSC
6. Forward Call to
current MSC
7. Get current status of
MS
8. Paging of MS
9. MS answers
10. Security checks
11. Set up connection
Security in GSM
 On air interface, GSM uses encryption and
TMSI instead of IMSI.
 SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the
ownership of SIM
 3 algorithms are specified :
- A3 algorithm for authentication
- A5 algorithm for encryption
- A8 algorithm for key generation
Advantages of GSM over Analog system

 Capacity increases
 Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery life.
 International roaming capability.
 Better security against fraud (through terminal
validation and user authentication).
 Encryption capability for information security and
privacy.
 Compatibility with ISDN,leading to wider range of
services
Generation After GSM
 2nd Generation
 GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)

 2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM)


HSCSD (High Speed ckt Switched data)
 Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps)
GPRS (General Packet Radio service)
 Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps
EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)
 Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max)
 3 Generation
WCDMA(Wide band CDMA)
 Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps
Thank you !!!

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