International Accounting Standards: Illustrative Fund Financial Statements

International Accounting Standards
Illustrative Fund Financial Statements

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Other publications on IAS

The following publications on International Accounting Standards and corporate governance practices have been
published by PricewaterhouseCoopers and are available from your nearest PricewaterhouseCoopers office:
International Accounting Standards – A Pocket Guide

International Accounting Standards – Disclosure Checklist – 2001
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Corporate Financial Statements – 2001
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Bank Financial Statements – 2001
International Accounting Standards – Understanding IAS 29
International Accounting Standards – Understanding IAS 39
International Accounting – Similarities & Differences – IAS, US GAAP and UK GAAP
The Board Agenda – Good Practices for Meeting Market Expectations
and on wider aspects of international reporting:

Audit Committees – Good Practices for Meeting Market Expectations
Reporting Progress – Good Practices for Meeting Market Expectations
World Watch (newsletter) – Governance and Corporate Reporting
The Board Agenda – Good Practices for Meeting Market Expectations
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International Accounting Standards
Illustrative Fund Financial Statements
Year ended 31 December 2001
This publication by PricewaterhouseCoopers provides two illustrative set of financial statements, prepared
in accordance with International Accounting Standards, for an open ended fund and secondly for a closed
ended fund. These financial statements include the disclosures required by International Accounting
Standards and Interpretations published up to and including March 2001. The example disclosures in these
illustrative financial statements should not be considered to be the only acceptable form of presentation.
The form and content of the Company’s financial statements are the responsibility of the fund manager, and
other forms of presentation which are equally acceptable may be preferred and adopted, provided they
include the specific disclosures prescribed in International Accounting Standards.
These illustrative financial statements are not a substitute for reading the Standards themselves or for
professional judgement as to fairness of presentation. They do not cover all possible disclosures required
by International Accounting Standards nor do they take account of any specific legal framework.
Depending on the circumstances, further specific information may be required in order to ensure fair
presentation under International Accounting Standards and we recommend that reference is made to our
separate publication ‘International Accounting Standards – Disclosure Checklist 2001’. Additional
accounting policies and disclosures may be required in order to comply with local laws, accounting
standards and stock exchange regulations.
Format of IAS illustrative financial statements

The references in the left margin of the financial statements represent the paragraph of the Standards in
which the disclosure requirements appear – for example, ‘39p8’ indicates IAS 39 paragraph 8. The
designation ‘DV’ means ‘Disclosure voluntary’ and indicates that the relevant IAS encourages, but does not
require the disclosure. Additional notes and explanations are shown italics. The financial statements also
include disclosures that are general practice in the industry.
Structure of publication
Page
Operating and financial review – general 2
Open ended fund

General information 4
Index to the illustrative open ended fund financial statements 5
Income statement 6
Balance sheet 7
Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity 8
Cash flow statement 9
Notes to the financial statements 10
Report of the auditors 22
Closed ended fund

General information 23
Index to the illustrative closed ended fund financial statements 24
Income statement 25
Balance sheet 26
Notes to the financial statements 29
Report of the auditors 37
PricewaterhouseCoopers 1
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Fund Financial Statements
ABC Fund – Year ended 31 December 2001
Operating and financial review – general

International Accounting Standards do not address the requirements for information to be
included in a directors’ report or financial commentary. Generally such requirements are
DV,1p8 determined by local laws and regulations. IAS 1 encourages, but does not require,
DV,1p9 companies to present, outside the financial statements, a financial review by management
which describes and explains the main features of the enterprise’s financial performance
and financial position and the principal uncertainties it faces.
In 1998 the International Organisation of Securities Commissions issued "International

Disclosure Standards for Cross-Border Offerings and Initial Listings for Foreign Issuers",
comprising recommended disclosure standards including an operating and financial review
and discussion of future prospects. IOSCO standards for prospectuses are not mandatory –
but they will increasingly be incorporated in national stock exchange requirements both for
prospectuses and annual reports. The text of IOSCO’s Standard on Operating and Financial
Reviews and Prospects is reproduced below :
‘‘Discuss the company’s financial condition, changes in financial and market conditions
and results of operations for each year and interim period for which financial statements are
required, including the causes of material changes from year to year in financial statement
line items, to the extent necessary for an understanding of the company’s business as a
whole. Information provided also shall relate to all separate segments of the company.
Provide the information specified below as well as such other information that is necessary
for an investor’s understanding of the company’s financial condition, changes in financial
condition and results of operation.
A. Operating Results Provide information regarding significant factors, including unusual

or infrequent events or new developments, materially affecting the company’s income
from operations, indicating the extent to which income was so affected. Describe any
other significant component of revenue or expenses necessary to understand the
company’s results of operations.
1. To the extent that the financial statements disclose material changes in net sales or
revenues, provide a narrative discussion of the extent to which such changes are
attributable to changes in prices or to changes in the volume or amount of products
being sold or to the introduction of new products or services.
2. Describe the impact of inflation, if material. If the currency in which financial

statements are presented is of a country that has experienced hyperinflation, the
existence of such inflation, a five year history of the annual rate of inflation and a
discussion of the impact of hyperinflation on the company’s business shall be disclosed.
3. Provide information regarding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on the

company, if material, and the extent to which foreign currency net investments are
hedged by currency borrowings and other hedging instruments.
4. Provide information regarding any governmental economic, fiscal, monetary or political

policies or factors that have materially affected, or could materially affect, directly or
indirectly, the company’s operations or investments by host country shareholders.
2 PricewaterhouseCoopers
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Fund Financial Statements
Operating and financial review – general (continued)

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources. The following information shall be provided:
1. Information regarding the company’s liquidity (both short and long term), including:
(a) a description of the internal and external sources of liquidity and a brief discussion
of any material unused sources of liquidity. Include a statement by the company that,
in its opinion, the working capital is sufficient for the company’s present requirements,
or, if not, how it proposes to provide the additional working capital needed.
(b) an evaluation of the sources and amounts of the company’s cash flows, including
the nature and extent of any legal or economic restrictions on the ability of the
company to receive or pay cash dividends, loans or advances and the impact such
restrictions have had or are expected to have on the ability of the company to meet
its cash obligations.
(c) information on the level of borrowings at the end of the period under review, the
seasonality of borrowing requirements and the maturity profile of borrowings and
committed borrowing facilities, with a description of any restrictions on their use.
2. Information regarding the type of financial instruments used, currency and interest rate
structure. The discussion also should include information on the currencies in which
cash and cash equivalents are held, and the use of financial instruments for hedging
purposes.
D. Trend Information. The company should identify the most significant recent trends in
underlying investments, economic growth of territories in which it invests inflation and
bid prices since the latest financial year. The company should also discuss, for at least
the current financial year, any known trends, uncertainties, demands, or events that are
reasonably likely to have a material effect on the company’s performance, or that would
cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating
results or financial condition.
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Open Ended Fund Financial Statements
General information
1p102(b) ABC Fund (‘‘the Fund’’) is an open ended investment company registered with limited
liability in [name of territory under jurisdiction] on [date] under the provisions of the [name
of the relevant legislation in the territory under jurisdiction]
1p102(a) The Fund’s shares are listed on the [name of city] stock exchange. The address of the Fund’s
registered office is as follows: [address of registered office]
1p102(d) The Fund has no employees.
10p16 The Fund’s financial statements were authorised for issue on [the date] by [the name of the
body that gave the authorisation].
1p102(b) The principal activity of the Fund is investment holding with an objective to achieve capital
growth by providing exposure to the S&P 500 share index whilst providing protection
against capital losses for a proportion of capital invested in the Fund.
Index to the illustrative open ended fund financial statements

Page
Income statement 6
Balance sheet 7
Notes to the financial statements
1 Accounting policies 10
A Basis of preparation
B Foreign currency translation
C Derivatives financial instruments
D Offsetting financial instruments
E Interest income
F Sales and repurchase arrangements
G Available-for-sale and trading securities
H Cash and cash equivalents
I Taxation and deferred tax
J Share capital
K Dividends payable
L Net asset value per share and earnings per share
M Expenses
2 Use of financial instruments 13
3 Interest income 17
4 Net gain on available-for-sale and trading securities excluding interest income 17
5 Related parties 17
6 Taxation and deferred taxation 18
7 Net assets value per share and earnings per share 18
8 Margin accounts 18
9 Due from/to brokers 18
10 Derivative financial instruments 19
11 Available-for-sale securities 20
12 Trading securities and other repurchase arrangements 20
13 Accrued expenses 20
14 Share capital 21
15 Dividends payable 21
16 Post balance sheet events 21
Income statement
1p75,77 (all amounts in USD thousands) Notes Year ended 31 December

2001 2000
1p75 Revenue
39p170(c) Interest income 3 46,651 48,816
Dividend income 11,881 18,163
Net gain on available-for-sale and trading securities 4 47,941 224,892
Total investment income 106,473 291,871
1p77 Expenditure
Management fee 5 12,594 14,043
Custodian fee 5 3,401 3,741
Auditors fee 24 23
Directors fees 5 87 83
39p170(c) Interest expense 550 600
Other operating expenses 2,057 4,239
Operating expenditure 18,713 22,729
1p75(f) Profit from ordinary activities before tax 87,760 269,142
1p75(e) Tax 6 (3,564) (5,449)
1p75(I) Net profit on ordinary activities 84,196 263,693
33p47 Earnings per share 7 3.87 8.34
Balance sheet
(all amounts in USD thousands) Notes As at 31 December

1p66,67 2001 2000
1p53
1p66 ASSETS
Cash and bank balances 285,040 324,565

Margin accounts 8 125,924 221,577
Due from brokers 9 56,056 83,655
Derivative financial instruments 10 219,267 265,700
Available-for-sale securities 11 519,656 816,587
Trading securities 12 34,690 30,990
Interest receivable 4,789 5,273
Total assets 1,245,422 1,748,347
1p66 LIABILITIES
Due to brokers 9 75,719 17,944
Derivative financial instruments 10 108,317 87,750
Due under repurchase arrangements 12 21,939 22,041
Accrued expenses 13 1,085 2,189
Total liabilities 207,060 129,924
Total assets less liabilities 1,038,362 1,618,423
1p66(m) ISSUED CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Share capital 14 962 1,556
Share premium 14 238,801 231,151
Retained earnings 798,599 1,385,716
Total shareholders’ funds 1,038,362 1,618,423
Adjusted net asset value per share 7 54.54 52.31
Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity
1p86 (all amounts inUSD thousands) Notes Share Share Retained

Capital Premium Earnings Total
1p86(e-f) Balance at 1 January 2000 14 1,453 69,132 1,221,924 1,292,509

1p86(a) Net profit on ordinary activities – – 263,693 263,693
1p86(d) Redemption of shares 14 (75) (4,602) (61,100) (65,777)
1p86(d) Dividends paid 15 – – (38,801) (38,801)
1p86(d) Issue of shares 14 178 166,621 – 166,799
Balance at 31 December 2000 14 1,556 231,151 1,385,716 1,618,423
Balance at 1 January 2001

– as previously stated 1,556 231,151 1,385,716 1,618,423
39p172(d) Effect of adopting IAS 39 7 – – 9,850 9,850
Balance at 1 January 2001 as restated 1,556 231,151 1,395,566 1,628,273
1p86(a) Net profit on ordinary activities – – 84,196 84,196

1p86(d) Redemption of shares 14 (636) (39,025) (644,908) (684,569)
1p86(d) Dividends paid 15 – – (36,255) (36,255)
1p86(d) Issue of shares 14 42 46,675 – 46,717
Balance at 31 December 2001 962 238,801 798,599 1,038,362
[In the prior year all available-for-sale securities were considered as current investments that by their
nature were readily realisable and were intended to be held for not more than one year. Therefore, all
gains and losses on available-for-sale securities prior to adoption of IAS 39 were taken to income
statement. However, if ABC Fund had considered available-for-sale securities as long-term investments
then ABC Fund would have a revaluation reserve on the balance sheet due to the revaluation of such
investment securities. Such a revaluation reserve would need to be transferred to retained earnings on
the date when IAS 39 is initially adopted, in accordance with the transitional rules of IAS 39.]
Cash flow statement
7p10 (all amounts in USD thousands.) Notes Year ended 31 December

2001 2000
7p18(b) Net profit on ordinary activities 84,196 263,693

Adjustment for:
Interest income (46,651) (48,816)
Interest expense 550 600
Dividend income (11,881) (18,163)
Tax 3,564 5,449
7p20(c) Net gain on available-for-sale and trading securities 4 (47,941) (224,892)
7p14 Operating profit before working capital changes (18,163) (22,129)
Net decrease/(increase) in margin accounts 8 95,653 (167,382)

Net decrease/(increase) in due to/from brokers 9 85,374 (65,711)
Net decrease/(increase) in derivative financial
instruments (assets) 10 46,433 (265,700)
Net increase in trading securities 12 (3,700) (30,990)
Net decrease in interest receivable 484 1,133
Net increase in derivative financial instruments (liabilities) 10 20,567 87,750
Net (decrease)increase in due under
repurchase arrangements 12 (102) 22,041
Net (decrease)/increase in accrued expenses 13 (1,104) 350
Cash generated from operations 225,442 (440,638)
7p31 Interest paid (550) (600)

7p35 Taxes paid 6 (3,564) (5,449)
7p31 Interest received 46,651 48,816
7p31 Dividend received 11,881 18,163
Net cash from/(used in) operating activities 279,860 (379,708)
7p21 Cash flows from investing activities

7p16(c) Purchases of available-for-sale securities 11 (299,739) (226,050)
7p16(d) Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities 11 654,461 562,450
Net cash from investing activities 354,722 336,400
7p21 Cash flows from financing activities
7p17(a) Issue of ordinary shares 14 46,717 166,799

7p17(a) Redemption of shares 14 (684,569) (65,777)
7p34 Dividend paid 15 (36,255) (38,801)
Net cash (used in)/from financing activities (674,107) 62,221
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (39,525) 18,913
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 324,565 305,652
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 285,040 324,565
1 Accounting policies
1p91(a) The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set
1p97(b) out below:
A Basis of presentation
1p11 The financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards.
1p97(a) The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the fair
valuation of available-for-sale securities, financial assets and financial liabilities held for trading
and all derivative contracts.
21p43 The measurement currency of the Fund is USD and not [insert the name of the local currency]
reflecting the fact that the ordinary shares of the Fund are denominated in USD currency and the
Fund invests principally in USD denominated assets.

1p99(p) Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into USD at
exchange rates in effect at the date of the financial statements. Realised and unrealised gains and
losses on foreign currency transactions are charged or credited to the income statement as
foreign currency gain and losses except where they relate to equity investments where such
amounts are included within realised and unrealised gains and losses on investments. The cost of
investments, and income and expenses are translated into USD based on exchange rates on the
date of the transaction.
C Derivative financial instruments

32p47(b) Derivative financial instruments including foreign exchange contracts, stockmarket indexes and
32p52 interest rate futures, forward rate agreements, currency and interest rate swaps, currency and
32p54 interest rate options (both written and purchased) and other derivative financial instruments are
1p99(I) initially recognised in the balance sheet at cost and subsequently are remeasured at their fair
32p52 value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices, discounted cash flow models and
39p1(i) option pricing models as appropriate. All derivatives are carried in assets when amounts are
receivable by the Fund and in liabilities when amounts are payable by the Fund.
39p103(a) Changes in fair values of derivatives are included in the income statement.
D Offsetting financial instruments

32p33 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when
there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to
settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
E Interest income
1p99(a) Interest income is recognised in the income statement for all interest bearing instruments on an
18p35(a) accrual basis using the effective yield method. Interest income includes coupons earned on fixed
income investment and trading securities and accrued discount on treasury bonds, commercial
papers, floating rate notes and other discounted instruments.
F Sale and repurchase agreements

32p33 Securities sold subject to a linked repurchase agreements (‘repos’) are retained in the financial
39p35,38 statements as trading or available-for-sale securities depending on the purpose of their original
1p99(i) acquisition and the counterparty liability is included in liabilities as under repurchase
39p170(d) agreements.
1 Accounting policies (continued)

39p170(d) Securities purchased under agreements to resell (‘reverse repos’) are recorded as loans and
advances to counterparties and included in due from counterparties. The difference between sale
and repurchase price is treated as interest and accrued over the life of repo agreements using the
effective yield method.
G Available-for-sale and trading securities

39p10 At 1 January 2001 the Fund adopted IAS 39 and classified its investment securities into the
39p68 following two categories: trading and available-for-sale. Investments intended to be held for an
indefinite period of time, which may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or changes in
1p99(i) interest rates, exchange rates or equity prices are classified as available-for-sale. All other
investments are classified as trading. Management determines the appropriate classification of its
investments at the time of the purchase and re-evaluates such designation on a regular basis.
39p66 All investment securities are initially recognised at cost (which includes transaction costs).
Available-for-sale assets are subsequently re-measured at fair value based on quoted bid prices or
39p70, 102 discounted cash flow models. Fair values for unquoted equity instruments are estimated using
39p167(b) applicable price/earnings ratios refined to reflect the specific circumstances of the issuer. Gains
and losses arising from changes in the fair value of securities classified as available-for-sale are
recognised in the income statement as they arise. Prior to the adoption of IAS 39 certain
investment securities were carried at mid market prices.
39p103(b) [Note – the Fund could adopt the alternative policy under IAS 39 under which gains and losses
arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are recognised in equity.
When the securities are disposed of or once they are impaired, the related accumulated fair value
adjustments are included in the income statement as gains less losses from investment securities]
39p83 [Note – the Fund is unlikely to classify any financial asset as held-to-maturity as calls for
39p87 redemption of shares could frustrate the Fund’s intention to hold the securities to maturity].
39p10 Trading securities are securities, which were either acquired for generating a profit from short-
39p68 term fluctuations in price or dealer’s margin or included in a portfolio in which a pattern of short-
39p66 term profit taking exists. Trading securities are initially recognised at cost (which includes
1p99(i) transaction costs) and subsequently re-measured at fair value based on quoted bid prices or
18p35(b) discounted cash flow models. All related realised and unrealised gains and losses are included in
income statement as they arise.
39p172 (d) The effect of adopting IAS 39 at 1 January 2001 on equity is shown in the statement of changes in
shareholders equity and represents the impact on changing from mid market to market bid prices
for certain assets.
18p35 (b) Interest earned whilst holding investment and trading securities is reported as interest income.
Dividends are recognised when the Fund’s right to receive payment is established. Dividends
received are included separately in dividend income.
39p27 All purchases and sales of investments and trading securities that require delivery within the time
39p30 frame established by regulation or market convention ("regular way" purchases and sales) are
39p167(c) recognised at trade date, which is the date on which the Fund commits to purchase or sell the
asset. In cases which are not within the time frame established by regulation or market
convention, such transactions are recognised on settlement date. Any change in fair value of the
asset to be received is recognised between the trade date and settlement date.
H Cash and cash equivalents

7p46 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short term, highly
1p99(r) liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject
to insignificant changes in value.
I Taxation
1p99(m) The Fund is domiciled in [insert the name of the domicile] which is an Offshore jurisdiction and
is exempt from paying income or capital gains tax of that jurisdiction. The Fund pays an exempt
company fee charged at a rate of LC [insert the amount in LC] per annum.
The Fund currently incurs withholding tax imposed by certain countries on investment income
recorded gross of withholding tax in the income statement.
In limited events, a fund may be subject to capital gains tax in which case the following policy
may be applied:
The Fund also incurs capital gains tax imposed on holders of securities by certain countries.
Capital gains are recorded gross of such taxes in the income statement.
Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising
between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial
statements.
12p58 Deferred tax related to fair value remeasurement of derivatives, available-for-sale and trading
securities is charged to the income statement.
J Share capital
32p18 The Fund’s ordinary shares with discretionary dividends are classified as equity.
On the issue of preference shares, the net issue proceeds are credited to share capital (par value)
and the balance to share premium.
On redemption of preference shares, the cost of the redemption is charged in part to the share
capital account (par value), share premium account (the amount initially credited on issue) and
the balance to other reserves.
[In certain territories the full amount of any redemption may be charged to share premium when
permitted or allowed by legislation]
K Dividends payable
10p11 Proposed dividends are accounted for when they are ratified by the Annual General Meeting.
32p30 Once ratified, dividends declared are then recognised in equity in the period in which they
are declared.
L Net asset value per share and earnings per share

1p101 The net asset value per share is calculated by dividing the net assets included in the balance
sheet remeasured at mid market prices by only the number of preference shares in issue at the
year end because ordinary shares are not reedemable.
33p10 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to the shareholders by the
weighted average number of preference shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary share
holders are not entitled to participate in dividends.
M Expenses
1p77 Expenses are accounted for on accrual basis. Expenses are charged to the income statement
except for expenses incurred on the acquisition of an investment which are included within the
cost of that investment. Expenses arising on the disposal of investments are deducted from the
disposal proceeds.
1p46(d,e) (In the notes all amounts are shown in USD thousands unless otherwise stated)
2 Use of financial instruments

The objective of the Fund is to achieve capital growth through investing in a selection of
companies included in the S&P 500 index and S&P 500 options and futures and in USD
denominated interest rates securities and related derivatives.
32p43 The Fund is exposed to market price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and currency
risk arising from the financial instruments it holds. The risk management policies employed by
the Fund to manage these risks are discussed below.
32p43a(iii) A Market price risk

The Fund’s interest rate securities, equity securities and trading derivative financial
instruments are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future prices
of the instruments.
The Fund’s market price risk is managed through diversification of the investment portfolio ratios
by exposures. 80-120% of the net assets is invested in US equities and related derivatives, of
which 20-40% is in individual equities and the balance through traded options and futures. The
Fund invests 40-60 % of the net assets in interest rate securities. The equity securities are selected
from S&P 500 index and the options and futures are New York stock exchange traded. The
interest rate securities are listed and AA rated. At 31 December 2001, the overall on balance
sheet market exposures were as follows:
Schedule of investment securities as at 31 December 2001
Fair % of Total
value Net Assets
Debt securities held for trading
AQR Corporation 6.5% 16/02/2002 21,939 2.11
Debt securities available-for-sale

PQR Finance FRN 8/8/2002 52,730 5.08
FEG Bank FRN 24/04/2002 102,500 9.88
ABE Corporation 6.0% 28/05/2007 50,650 4.87
ABF Corporation 5.9% 21/3/2003 52,100 5.02
Debt securities available-for-sale 257,980 24.85
Total debt securities 279,919 26.96
Equity securities held for trading

300 Shares of [name of the entity] 12,751 1.23
2 Use of financial instruments (continued)
A Market price risk

S&P 500 equity securities available-for-sale
2,000 Shares of [name of the entity] 63,850 6.16
S&P 500 equity securities available-for-sale 261,676 25.20
Debt and Equity based futures and options (net) 110,950 10.68
Total investment securities 665,296 64.07
The Fund’s overall market positions are monitored on a daily basis by the Fund’s manager and
reviewed on a quarterly basis by the board of directors.
Further details and comparative amounts for derivative financial instruments and investment
securities are presented in notes 10 and 11 respectively, of these financial statements.
At the balance sheet date, the Fund was exposed to equities within the S&P 500 index as follows:
Gross equity market positions

Contract Contract
or notional or notional
amount amount
2001 2000
Equity securities 261,676 242,969

S&P 500 Futures (notional amounts) 248,150 456,650
S&P 500 Options (notional amounts) 315,650 382,450
825,476 1,082,069
The range of the S&P 500 option index strike prices vary from 1,375 (2000:1,385) to1,445
(2000:1,455). The S&P index at 31 December 2001 was 1,385 (2000:1,395)
B Interest rate risk

32p43(ii) The Fund is exposed to risks associated with the effects of fluctuations in the prevailing levels of
market interest rates on its financial position and cash flows.
32p56(a) The table below summarises the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risks. Included in the table are
the Fund’s assets and trading liabilities at fair values, categorised by the earlier of contractual
repricing or maturity dates. The fair values of derivative financial instruments are included below
in ‘Other assets’ and ‘Other Liabilities’ under the heading ‘Non-interest bearing’. The off balance
sheet gap represents the net notional amounts of all interest sensitive financial instruments.
B Interest rate risk

32p56(a) As at 31 December 2001 over 5 Non-interest Total
32p64(a) Up to 1 year 1-5 years years bearing
32p60 Assets
Cash and bank balances 285,040 – – – 285,040
Trading securities 21,939 – – 12,751 34,690
Available-for-sale securities 155,230 52,100 50,650 261,676 519,656
Other assets – – – 406,036 406,036
Total assets 462,209 52,100 50,650 680,463 1,245,422

Liabilities
Due under repurchase
arrangements 21,939 – – – 21,939
Other liabilities – – – 185,121 185,121
Total liabilities 21,939 – – 185,121 207,060
Interest sensitivity gap for

on balance sheet items 440,270 52,100 50,650

interest rate futures 241,900 95,650 890
Net interest sensitivity gap 198,370 (43,550) 49,760
32p56(a) As at 31 December 2000 over 5 Non-interest Total

32p64(a) Up to 1 year 1-5 years years bearing
32p60 Assets
Cash and bank balances 324,565 – – – 324,565
Trading securities 22,041 – – 8,949 30,990
Available-for-sale securities 471,968 51,550 50,100 242,969 816,587
Other assets – – – 576,205 576,205
Total assets 818,574 51,550 50,100 828,123 1,748,347
Liabilities
Due under repurchase
arrangements 22,041 – – – 22,041
Other liabilities – – – 107,883 107,883
Total liabilities 22,041 – – 107,883 129,924
Interest sensitivity gap for on

balance sheet items 796,533 51,550 50,100

interest rate futures 372,057 125,650 58
Net interest sensitivity gap 424,476 74,100 50,042
B Interest rate risk (continuted)

32p56(b) The table below summarises the average effective interest rate for monetary
32p64(d) financial instruments:
32p62
2001 2000
% %
Assets
Cash and bank balances 5.41 5.89
Trading securities – debt securities 5.65 6.21
Available-for-sale securities – debt securities 5.85 6.18
Liabilities
Due under repurchase arrangements 5.25 5.68
32p43(c) C Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will be unable or unwilling to meet a
commitment that it has entered to with the Fund.
32p66(b) The Fund’s credit risk concentration is spread between interest rate, and equity securities and
trading derivative products as discussed above under market risk diversification. At any time,
less than 10% of the fair value of favourable contracts outstanding are with any individual
counterparty.
All transactions in listed securities are settled/paid for upon delivery using approved brokers.
The risk of default is considered minimal since delivery of securities sold is only made once the
broker has received payment. On a purchase, payment is made once the securities have been
received by the broker. If either party fails to meet their obligation, the trade will fail.
32p66 The Fund restricts its exposure to credit losses on the trading derivative instruments it holds by
32p41 entering into master netting arrangements with counterparties (approved brokers) with whom it
undertakes a significant volume of transactions. Master netting arrangements do not result in an
offset of balance sheet assets and liabilities as transactions are usually settled on a gross basis.
However, the credit risk associated with favourable contracts is reduced by a master netting
arrangement to the extent that if an event of default occurs, all amounts with the counterparty are
terminated and settled on a net basis. The Fund’s overall exposure to credit risk on derivative
instruments subject to a master netting arrangement can change substantially within a short
period since it is affected by each transaction subject to the arrangement. As at 31 December
2001, master netting arrangements reduced the credit risk on favourable contracts having a fair
value of USD 110,750 (2000: USD 177,950).
32p43(c ) D Liquidity risk

The Fund’s listed securities are considered to be readily realisable as they are listed on the New
York stock exchange.
The Fund has the ability to borrow in the short term to ensure settlement, although no such
borrowings have arisen during the year.
E Currency risk
The Fund has no significant currency risk because substantially all assets and liabilities are
denominated in US dollars.
[If significant currency risk exists then a table would be required]
3 Interest income
2001 2000
18p30(a) Bond interest 27,990 29,289

18p30(a) Bank interest 18,661 19,527
39p17o(c)
46,651 48,816
4 Net gain on available-for-sale and trading securities

(excluding interest income)
2001 2000
Net realised gain
Trading securities:
39p78 Foreign currency gains and losses – –
39p170c(i) Other market gains and losses 5,242 157,188
Available-for-sale securities:
39p170c(ii) Total net realised gain 38,436 180,304
Net unrealised gain

Trading securities:
Available-for-sale securities:
39p170c(ii) Total net unrealised gain 9,505 44,588
47,941 224,892
5 Related parties
24p22 Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or
exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions.
The Fund is managed by XYZ Investment Management Limited, an investment management
company incorporated in [name of country.] Under the terms of the Management Agreement
dated [date], the Fund appointed XYZ Investment Management Limited as a manager to provide
management, secretarial, registrar and administrative services to the Fund. XYZ Limited receives
from the Fund in return, a fee based on the net asset value of each class of fund payable quarterly
in advance using the annual rate of 0.60%.
During the year, the Fund paid management and administration fees to the Manager, as disclosed
in the income statement. Out of this fee, the administrator’s, Registrar’s and the Investment
Advisors fees were paid.
The Fund has engaged the services of XYZ Custody Bank Limited, a fellow subsidiary company of
the manager, to provide custodian services for a fee as disclosed in the income statement. The
fees are charged on a scale of 0.075% per annum on the first USD 5 million of the Fund, then
0.04% thereafter on the net asset value of the Fund.
5 Related parties (continued)

Shares held by related parties
Parties related to the manager held shares in the Fund during the year as follows:
2001 2000
Opening balance 2,000 2,000
New shares – 1,850
Disposals – (1,850)
Closing balance 2,000 2,000

Directors remuneration
The listing of the members of the Board of Directors is shown on page [insert page number with
list of directors] of the annual report. In 2001 the total remuneration of the directors was USD87
(2000:USD 83).
6 Taxation and deferred taxation

12p79,82
The tax charge for the year comprises:
2001 2000
US withholding taxes 3,564 5,449
No deferred tax arose during the year (2000:nil) as the Fund did not hold any securities subject to
capital gains tax on disposal.
7 Net asset value per share and earnings per share

2001 2000
Net asset value at bid market prices 1,038,362 1,618,423
Adjustment to mid market prices 11,217 9,850
Adjusted net asset value at mid market prices 1,049,579 1,628,273
Adjusted net asset value per share 54.54 52.31
33p10 Earnings per share 3.87 8.34
The adjusted net asset value per share is calculated in accordance with the memorandum and
articles of association and is based on the mid market prices instead of the bid prices that are
used in the financial statements and the number of participating preference shares in issue at the
year end.
33p49 Earnings per share is based on weighted average number of participating preference shares 25,183
(2000: 30,088) and net profit attributable to the shareholders of USD 84,196 (2000: USD 263,693).
8 Margin accounts
Margin accounts represents the exchange traded futures contacts’ margin deposits amounts held
with brokers.
9 Due from/to brokers

Due on/for settlement represents investment and trading securities’ regular way purchases and
sales transactions contracted for but not yet delivered at the end of the year.
10 Derivative financial instruments

32p47(a) The Fund’s derivative financial instruments and other liabilities outstanding at year-end are
32p66(a) detailed below:

32p47(a) Derivatives Fair values
32p77 Assets Liabilities
Interest rate derivatives
Interest rate futures – bought and sold 62,927 (26,477)
Exchange traded interest rate options – bought and sold 46,890 (25,950)
109,817 (52,427)
S&P 500 Index derivatives
Index options – bought and sold 55,755 (24,790)
Index futures – bought and sold 53,695 (31,100)
109,450 (55,890)
Total derivative assets/(liabilities) 219,267 (108,317)

32p47(a) Derivatives Fair values
32p77 Assets Liabilities
Interest rate derivatives
Interest rate futures – bought and sold 55,275 (14,204)
Exchange traded interest rate options – bought and sold 70,075 (18,196)
125,350 (32,400)
S&P 500 Index derivatives
Index options – bought and sold 57,982 (26,700)
Index futures – bought and sold 82,368 (28,650)
140,350 (55,350)
Total derivative assets/(liabilities) 265,700 (87,750)
S&P 500 index and interest rate futures are contractual obligations to buy or sell financial
instruments on a future date at a specified price established in an organised market. The futures
contracts are collateralised by cash or marketable securities and changes in the futures contracts
value are settled daily with the exchange.
39p170(g) The carrying amount of financial assets pledged as collateral for liabilities is USD 42,900
[2000:USD 38,300].
39p170h(i) The fair value of collateral that has been accepted and the Fund is permitted to sell or repledge in
the absence of default is USD 54,600 [2000: 48,950].
39p170h(ii) The Fund has not sold or repledged any collateral during the period.
39p170h There are no significant terms and conditions associated with the use of collateral.
(iiii)
S&P 500 index and interest rate options are contractual agreements under which the seller
(writer) grants the purchaser (holder) the right, but not the obligation, either to buy (call option) or
sell (put option) at or by a set date, a specific financial instrument at a predetermined price. In
consideration for the assumption of exposure to the movements in the index or interest rate risk,
the seller receives a premium from the purchaser.
10 Derivative financial instruments (continued)

Notional amounts are the reference amounts of equity and interest securities specified in the
derivative options and futures contracts. The notional amounts of derivatives do not necessarily
indicate the amounts of future cash flows involved or the current fair value of the instruments
and, therefore, do not indicate the Fund’s exposure to credit or price risks. The derivative
instruments become favourable (assets) or unfavourable (liabilities) as a result of fluctuations in
market interest rates or S&P 500 index relative to their terms.
The aggregate contractual or notional amount of derivative financial instruments on hand, the
extent to which instruments are favourable or unfavourable and, thus the aggregate fair values of
derivative financial assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from time to time. The average
fair values of derivative instruments on hand during the year are set out in the following table.
2001 2000
32p94(c) Favourable derivative financial instruments (assets) 217,320 268,450

Unfavourable derivative financial instruments (liabilities) (107,550) (97,350)
The Fund’s risk management policies and strategies on derivative financial instruments are
discussed in note 2 of these financial statements.
11 Available-for-sale securities
2001 2000
Debt securities 257,980 573,618

Equity securities 261,676 242,969
Available-for-sale securities 519,656 816,587
On 1 January 2001, the Fund adopted IAS 39. The effect was to revalue all investment securities at
market bid prices instead of mid market prices. See statement of changes in shareholders equity.
An analysis of the investments held by the Fund at 31 December 2001 is given in note 2.
12 Trading securities and repurchase arrangements

2001 2000
Debt securities held-for-sale 21,939 19,599

Equity securities held-for-sale 12,751 11,391
34,690 30,990
39p170(d) Included in the trading securities were securities pledged under repurchase agreements with
other counterparties whose market value at 31 December 2001 was USD 21,939 (2000: USD
22,041). All repurchase agreements are maturing within twelve months from the inception.
13 Accrued expenses
1p72 2001 2000
Management fee 670 1,132
Custodian fee 415 1,057
1,085 2,189
14 Share capital
1p74 The authorised share capital of the Fund is USD 1,000,000(2000:USD 1,000,000) divided into
19,998,000 preference shares of USD 0.05 each and 100 ordinary shares of USD 1 each.
All issued preference shares are fully paid and have been admitted to the official listing of the
[name of ] Stock Exchange. Preference shares carry one vote each. They are entitled to dividends
and to payment of net value on liquidation.
The 100 nominal ordinary shares are in issue and each carries one vote. They are not entitled to
dividends but are entitled to repayment of USD 100 on the liquidation of the company.
Movement in issued preference share capital during the period was as follows:
1p74 Number of Share Share

shares Capital premium
At 1 January 2000 29,062 1,453 69,132
Issue of shares 3,560 178 166,621
Redemption of shares (1,500) (75) (4,602)
At 31 December 2000 31,122 1,556 231,151
Issue of shares 839 42 46,675

Redemption of shares (12,717) (636) (39,025)
At 31 December 2001 19,244 962 238,801
Preference shares are issued and redeemed at the option of the holders at prices based on the
value of the net assets of the Fund at the time of issue/redemption.
15 Dividend payable
10p11 At an Annual General Meeting on [date] 2002, dividends in respect of 2001 totalling USD
10p12(b) 35,250 (2000: USD 36,255, 1999:USD38,801) will be proposed. The financial statements for the
year ended 31 December 2001 do not reflect this resolution, which will be accounted for in
shareholders equity as an appropriation of retained profits in the year ending 31 December 2002.
16 Post balance sheet events

10p7,9 There were no material post balance sheet events which have a bearing on the understanding of
the financial statements.
Report of the auditors

To the Members [Shareholders] of ABC Fund
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of ABC Fund (the Fund) as of 31 December 2001 and the
related income and cash flow statements for the year then ended. These financial statements set out on
pages xx to xx are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those Standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion the financial statements give a true and fair view of [or ‘present fairly in all material respects’]
the financial position of the Fund as of 31 December 2001 and of the results of its operations and its cash
flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Accounting Standards.
Date
Address
The format of the audit report will need to be tailored to reflect the legal framework of particular countries.
In certain countries the audit report covers both the current year and the comparative year.
International Accounting Standards – Illustrative Closed Ended Fund Financial Statements
General information
1p102(b) ABC Fund (‘‘the Fund’’) is a closed ended investment company registered with limited liability in
[name of territory under jurisdiction] on [date] under the provisions of the [name of the relevant
legislation in the territory under jurisdiction]
1p102(a) The Fund’s shares are listed on the [name of city] stock exchange. The address of the Fund’s
registered office is as follows: [address of registered office]
1p102(d) The fund has no employees.
10p16 The Fund’s financial statements were authorised for issue on [the date] by [the name of the body
that gave the authorisation].
1p102(b) The principal activity of the Fund is investment holding with an objective to achieve long term
capital appreciation of its assets through investment in selected Malaysian unlisted equities.
Index to the illustrative closed ended fund financial statements

Page
Income statement 25
Balance sheet 26
Notes to the financial statements
1 Accounting policies 29
A Basis of preparation
C Offsetting financial instruments
D Interest income
E Available-for-sale securities
F Cash and cash equivalents
G Taxation and deferred tax
H Share capital
I Dividends payable
J Net asset value per share and earnings per share
K Expenses
2 Use of financial instruments 31
3 Gain on available-for-sale securities 34
4 Related parties 34
5 Taxation and deferred taxation 34
6 Net assets value per share and earnings per share 35
7 Due from/to brokers 35
8 Available-for-sale securities 35
9 Share capital 35
10 Dividends payable 36
11 Post balance sheet events 36
Income statement
1p75,77 (all amounts in EURO thousands) Notes
Year ended 31 December
2001 2000
1p75 Revenue
39p170(c) Interest income 8,317 12,714
Dividend income 54,884 57,431
Gain/(loss) on disposal of available-for-sale securities 3 (12,785) 49,423
Total investment income 50,416 119,568
1p77 Expenditure
Management and performance fees 4 14,991 27,759

Custodian fee 4 3,401 3,742
Auditors fee 24 23
Directors fees 4 87 83
Other operating expenses 2,607 4,839
Operating expenditure 21,110 36,446
1p75(f) Profit from ordinary activities before tax 29,306 83,122
1p75(e) Tax 5 (8,233) (8,614)
1p75(I) Net profit on ordinary activities 21,073 74,508
33p47 Earnings per share 6 0.67 2.39
Balance sheet
(all amounts in EURO thousands) Notes As at 31 December
1p66,67 2001 2000
ASSETS
1p66(c) Financial assets
Cash and bank balances 121,295 163,366
Due from brokers 7 56,056 83,655
Available-for-sale secuirities 8 1,619,222 1,447,104
Sundry debtors 4,789 5,273
Total assets 1,801,362 1,699,398
LIABILITIES
1p66(h) Trading and other payables
Accrued expenses including performance fee 68,514 67,221
Due to brokers 7 97,658 39,985
Total liabilities 166,172 107,206
Total assets less liabilities 1,635,190 1,592,192
1p66(m) ISSUED CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Share capital 9 1,556 1,556
Share premium 9 170,051 170,051
Fair value reserve 1,102,507 1,041,781
Retained earnings 361,076 378,804
Total shareholders’ funds 1,635,190 1,592,192
Net asset value per share 6 52.54 51.16
Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity

(all amounts in EURO thousands) Share Share Fair value Retained
Notes Capital Premium Reserve Earnings Total
1p86(f,e) Balance at 1 January 2000 9 1,556 170,051 866,312 346,846 1,384,765

1p86(a) Net profit on ordinary activities – – – 74,508 74,508
Gain on investments 3 – – 224,892 – 224,892
Realised gain released on sale
of investment securities 3 – – (49,423) – (49,423)
1p86(d) Dividends paid 10 – – – (42,550) (42,550)
Balance at 31 December 2000 9 1,556 170,051 1,041,781 378,804 1,592,192
Balance at 1 January 2001 9 1,556 170,051 1,041,781 378,804 1,592,192

1p86(a) Net profit on ordinary activities – – – 21,073 21,073
Gain on investments 3 – – 47,941 – 47,941
Realised loss released on sale
of investment securities 3 – – 12,785 – 12,785
1p86(d) Dividends paid 10 – – – (38,801) (38,801)
Balance at 31 December 2001 1,556 170,051 1,102,507 361,076 1,635,190
[The pre-IAS 39 fair value gain that had been reported in equity continues to be reported as a
separate component of equity since the investments have been classified as available-for-sale
securities and the Fund has adopted the policy of reporting change in fair value directly in equity
until the available-for-sale securities are sold, collected, or otherwise disposed of or determined
to be impaired. However, if the Fund were to adopt a policy of reporting fair value gains and
losses on available-for-sale assets in income, there would need to be a reclassification within
reserves from fair value reserve to retained earnings on adoption of IAS 39.
The Fund had invested in unquoted equity securities which were carried at fair value based on
price/earnings ratios and discounted cash flows at 31 December 2000. Under IAS 39, the Fund
has classified these securities as available-for-sale securities on 1 January 2001 and carried them
at their fair values based on price/earning ratios and discounted cash flows. Accordingly,
adoption of IAS 39 did not result in any adjustments to the opening reserves on 1 January 2001.]
Cash flow statement

7p10 (all amounts in EURO thousands) Notes Year ended 31 December
7p18(b) 2001 2000
Net profit on ordinary activities 21,073 74,508
Adjustment for:
Dividend income (54,884) (57,431)
Tax 5 8,233 8,614
Interest income (8,317) (12,714)
7p20(c) Net losses/(gains) on disposal of investments 3 12,785 (49,423)
7p14 Operating result before working capital changes (21,110) (36,446)
Net decrease in sundry debtors 484 1,133

Net decrease/(increase) in due to/from brokers 7 85,272 (43,670)
Net (decrease)/increase in accrued expenses 1,293 14,066
Cash generated from operations 65,939 (64,917)
7p31 Dividend received 54,884 57,431

7p31 Interest received 8,317 12,714
7p35 Taxes paid 5 (8,233) (8,614)
Net cash from/(used) in operating activities 120,907 (3,386)
Cash flows from investing activities
7p16(c) Purchases of available-for-sale securities 8 (345,922) (401,350)

7p16(d) Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities 8 221,745 262,450
Net cash used in investing activities (124,177) (138,900)
Cash flows from financing activities
7p34 Dividend paid 10 (38,801) (42,550)
Net cash used in financing activities (38,801) (42,550)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (42,071) (184,836)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 163,366 348,202
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 121,295 163,366
1 Accounting policies
1p91(a) The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set
1p97(b) out below:
A Basis of presentation
1p11 The financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standards.
1p97(a) The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the fair
valuation of available-for-sale securities, financial assets and financial liabilities held for trading.
21p43 The Fund’s shares are marketed to European investors. Consequently the measurement currency
of the Fund is EURO and not [insert LC name] reflecting the fact that the ordinary shares of the
Fund are issued in EURO. Distributions to the investors are also made in EURO.

1p99(p) Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into EURO at
exchange rates in effect at the date of the financial statements. Realised and unrealised gains and
losses on foreign currency transactions are charged or credited to the income statement as
foreign currency gain and losses except where they relate to equity investments where such
amounts are included within realised and unrealised gains and losses on investments. The cost of
investments, income and expenses are translated into EURO based on exchange rates on the date
of the transaction.
C Offsetting financial instruments

32p33 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when
there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to
settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
D Interest income
1p99(a) Interest income is recognised in the income statement for all interest bearing instruments on
18p35(a) an accrual basis using the effective yield method. Interest income includes interest earned on
cash deposits.
E Available-for-sale securities
39p10 At 1 January 2001 the Fund adopted IAS 39 and classified its investment securities as available
39p68 for-sale. The Fund intends to hold the investments for an indefinite period of time.
1p99(i) All investment securities are initially recognised at cost (which includes transaction costs). The
securities are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Fair values for unquoted equity instruments
are estimated using price/earnings ratios and cash flows. Fair values for quoted equity
39p66 instruments are based on quoted bid prices. Gains and losses arising from changes in the fair
value of equity securities classified as available-for-sale (including any inherent currency gains or
39p70, 102 losses) are recognised in equity as they arise. When the securities are disposed off or once they
39p167(b) are impaired, the related accumulated fair value adjustments are included in the income
statement as gains and losses from investment securities.
39p103(b) [Note – the Fund could adopt the alternative policy under IAS 39 under which gains and losses
arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are recognised in the income
statement as they arise.
E Available-for-sale securities (continued)

18p35 (b) Dividends are recognised when the Fund’s right to receive payment is established. Dividends
received are disclosed separately as dividend income in the income statement.
39p27 All purchases and sales of investments securities that require delivery within the time frame
39p30 established by regulation or market convention ("regular way" purchases and sales) are
recognised at trade date, which is the date on which the Fund commits to purchase or sell the
asset. In cases which are not within the time frame established by regulation or market
convention, such transactions are recognised on settlement date. Any change in fair value of the
asset to be received is recognised between the trade date and settlement date.
F Cash and cash equivalents

7p46 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short term, highly
1p99(r) liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject
to insignificant changes in value.
G Taxation
1p99(m) The Fund is domiciled in [insert the name of the domicile] which is an Offshore jurisdiction and
is exempt from paying income or capital gains tax of that jurisdiction. The Fund pays an exempt
company fee charged at a rate of LC [insert the amount in LC] per annum.
The Fund currently incurs withholding tax imposed by certain countries on investment income
recorded gross of withholding tax in the income statement.
In limited events, a fund may be subject to capital gain taxes in which case the following policy
may be applied: The Fund also incurs capital gains tax imposed on holders of securities by
certain countries. Capital gains are recorded gross of such taxes in the income statement.
Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.
12p58 Deferred tax related to fair value remeasurement of available-for-sale securities is charged to the
fair value reserve in equity.
H Share capital
32p18 The Fund’s ordinary shares with discretionary dividends are classified as equity.
I Dividends payable
10p11 Proposed dividends are accounted for when they are ratified by the Annual General Meeting.
32p30 Once ratified, dividends declared are then recognised in equity in the period in which they
are declared.
J Net asset value per share and earnings per share

1p101 The net asset value per share is calculated by dividing the net assets included in the balance
sheet by the number of participating shares in issue at the year end.
33p10 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to the ordinary shareholders
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
1 Accounting policies (Continued)
K Expenses
Expenses are accounted for on accrual basis. Expenses are charged to the income statement
except for expenses incurred on the acquisition of an investment which are included within the
cost of that investment. Expenses arising on the disposal of investments are deducted from the
disposal proceeds.
1p46(d-e) (In the notes all amounts are shown in EURO thousands unless otherwise stated)
2 Use of financial instruments

32p43 The Fund invests in selected unlisted equities in Malaysia with an objective of achieving long
term capital appreciation. The Fund manager intends to carry a direct exposure to Malaysian
equities of between 85-100% of the net assets of the Fund.
The Fund is exposed to a number of risks arising from the various financial instruments it holds.
The main risks to which the Fund is exposed are: market price risk, currency risk, credit risk,
interest risk and liquidity risk. The risk management policies employed by the Fund to manage
these risks are discussed below:
32p43a(iii) A Market price risk

The Fund’s unquoted equity securities are susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties
about future values of the investment securities. The Fund’s manager, XYZ Investment Management
Limited, advises the Fund on the equity securities that have prospects to appreciate in value in the
medium and long term period. The manager’s recommendations are reviewed by the Board of
Directors before the investment decisions are implemented. The Fund’s investments restrictions
prohibit investing more than 30% of the Fund’s assets in any one industry sector. At the balance
sheet date, the exposure to Malaysian equity securities at fair value were as follows:
Schedule of Malaysian investment securities as at 31 December 2001
Fair % of Total
Value Net Assets
Oil and gas
402,805 24.63
Technology
383,212 23.44
Manufacturing
409,550 25.05
2 Use of financial instruments (continuted)
A Market price risk (continued)

Financial Services
423,655 25.91
Total equity investments 1,619,222 99.02
The performance of investments held by the Fund is monitored by the Fund’s manager on a
monthly basis and reviewed on a quarterly basis by the board of directors.
Comparative amounts of equity investments are presented in note 8 of these financial statements.
32p43a(i) B Currency risk

The Fund holds assets denominated in currencies other than EURO, the measurement currency
of the Fund. Consequently the Fund is exposed to currency risk since the value of the securities
denominated in other currencies will fluctuate due to changes in exchange rates. The Fund’s
policy is not to enter into any currency hedging transactions.
The table below summarises the Fund’s exposure to currency risks. Included in the table are the
Fund’s assets and liabilities at fair values categorised by their base currencies.
Concentration of assets and liabilities
As at 31 December 2001 Malaysian Other

EURO ringgit currencies Total
Assets
Cash and bank balances 101,256 – 20,039 121,295
Available-for-sale securities – 1,619,222 – 1,619,222
Other assets 60,845 – – 60,845
Total assets 162,101 1,619,222 20,039 1,801,362
Liabilities 166,172 – – 166,172
Total net assets (4,071) 1,619,222 20,039 1,635,190
As at 31 December 2000
Assets
Cash and bank balances 122,365 – 41,001 163,366
Available-for-sale securities – 1,447,104 – 1,447,104
Other assets 88,928 – – 88,928
Total assets 211,293 1,447,104 41,001 1,699,398
Liabilities 107,206 – – 107,206
Total net assets 104,087 1,447,104 41,001 1,592,192
2 Use of financial instruments (continuted)
B Currency risk
The Malaysian ringgit rate of exchange ruling at 31 December 2001 was 3.12 to the EURO
(2000:3.25).
32p43(b) C Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that an issuer or counterparty will be unable or unwilling to meet
commitments it has entered to with the Fund.
32p66 All investing transactions are settled/paid for upon delivery using approved brokers. The risk of
default is considered minimal since delivery of securities sold is only made once the broker has
received payment. On a purchase, payment is made once the securities have been received by
the broker. If either party fails to meet their obligation, the trade will fail.
32p66(b) As discussed above under market risk, the Fund’s market risk is spread across various industry
sectors. In addition to this, at any one time, less than 15% of the fair value of investments are
from one issuer.
32p43a(ii) D Interest rate risk

Interest income from cash deposits may fluctuate in amount, in particular due to changes in the
interest rates.
Whilst the Fund seeks to optimise overall performance from the assets it holds, it does not seek to
maximise interest income in view of its policy to focus on investments in equity securities that
neither earn nor pay interest.
32p43(c ) E Liquidity risk/emerging market risks

The Fund has the ability to borrow in the short term to ensure settlement, although no such
borrowings have arisen during the year.
There may be less publicly available information about an emerging market company than about
a company in developed economies. Companies may not be subject to accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to, or as uniform as those of,
companies in developed economies. The securities markets, while growing in volume, generally
have substantially less volume than markets of developed economies, and many foreign
securities are less liquid and their prices more volatile than comparable developed economy’s
securities. Transaction costs with respect to investments in emerging markets foreign securities
are generally higher than in the developed economies, and there is generally less governmental
supervision and regulation of foreign exchanges, brokers and issuers than there is in the
developed economies. Moreover, it may be more difficult or expensive for the Fund to take
appropriate legal action in courts in such cases.
32p77 F Fair value of financial assets and liabilities

All financial assets and liabilities of the Fund are included in the balance sheet at fair value.
3 Gain on available-for-sale securities

2001 2000
39p103b(ii) (Losses)/gain realised on disposal of available-for-sale securities (12,785) 49,423

39p103b(ii) Unrealised gain on available-for-sale securities 60,726 175,469
47,941 224,892
4 Related parties
24p22 Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or
exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions.
The Fund is managed by XYZ Investment Management Limited, an investment management
company incorporated in [name of country.] Under the terms of the Management Agreement
dated [date], the Fund appointed XYZ Investment Management Limited as a manager to provide
management, secretarial, registrar and administrative services to the Fund. XYZ Limited receives
from the Fund in return, a fee based on the net asset value of each class of fund payable quarterly
in advance using the annual rate of 0.60%.
During the year, the Fund paid management and administration fees to the Manager, as disclosed
in the income statement. Out of this fee, the administrator’s, Registrar’s and the Investment
Advisors fees were paid.
The manager is also entitled to a performance fee first payable on 31 January 2003 and annually
thereafter. The performance fee is based upon 5% of the net realised gains less realised losses on
investments. The amount accrued includes a provision for fees that would become payable if the
investments were sold at their carrying amounts.
The Fund has engaged the services of XYZ Custody Bank Limited, a fellow subsidiary company of
the manager, to provide custodian services for a fee as disclosed in the income statement. The
fees are charged on a scale of 0.075% per annum on the first EURO 5 million of Fund, then
0.04% thereafter on the net asset value of the Fund.
Shares held by related parties
Parties related to the manager held shares in the Fund during the year as follows:
2001 2000
Balance at 1 January and 31 December 2001 2,000 2,000
Directors remuneration
The listing of the members of the Board of Directors is shown on page [insert page number with
list of directors] of the annual report. In 2001 the total remuneration of the directors was EURO
87 (2000:EURO 83).
5 Taxation and deferred taxation

12p79 The tax charge for the year comprises:
2001 2000
Tax for the year 8,233 8,614
12p82 No deferred tax arose during the year (2000:nil) as the Fund did not hold any securities subject to
capital gains tax on disposal.
6 Net asset value per share and earnings per ordinary share
2001 2000
Net asset value 1,635,190 1,592,192
Net asset value per ordinary share 52.54 51.16
33p10 Earnings per share 0.67 2.39
33p10 Earnings per share is based on ordinary shares outstanding during the year 31,120 (2000: 31,120)
33p49 and the net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of EURO 21,073 (2000: EURO 74,508).
7 Due from/to brokers

Due on/for settlement represents investment and trading securities’ purchases and sales
transactions contracted for but not yet delivered at the end of the year.
8 Available-for-sale securities
1p72 Equity investment securities by sector
2001 2000
Oil and gas 402,805 332,026

Technology 383,212 344,150
Manufacturing 409,550 372,268
Financial services 423,655 398,660
1,619,222 1,447,104
On 1 January 2001, the Company adopted IAS 39 and values investment securities at fair values
based on market bid prices where available and otherwise using industry models based on
price/earnings ratios and discounted cash flows.
A more detailed analysis of the investments held by the Fund at 31 December 2001 is given on
note 2 of these financial statements.
9 Share capital
1p74 2001 2000
Authorised share capital
20,000,000 ordinary shares @ EURO 0.05 par value 1,000,000 1,000,000
Ordinary shares-issued and fully paid 1,556 1,556
Share premium 170,051 170,051
Each issued and fully paid ordinary share is entitled to dividends when declared and carries one
voting right.
10 Dividend payable
10p11 At an Annual General Meeting on [date] 2002, dividends in respect of 2001 totalling EURO
10p12(b) 36,255 (2000: EURO 38,801, 1999:USD42,550) will be proposed. The financial statements for
the year ended 31 December 2001 do not reflect this resolution, which will be accounted for in
shareholders equity as an appropriation of retained profits in the year ending 31 December 2002.
11 Post balance sheet events

10p7 There were no material post balance sheet events which have a bearing on the understanding of
10p9 the financial statements.
Report of the auditors

To the Members [Shareholders] of ABC Fund
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of ABC Fund (the Fund) as of 31 December 2001 and the
related income and cash flow statements for the year then ended. These financial statements set out on
pages xx to xx are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those Standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion the financial statements give a true and fair view of [or ‘present fairly in all material respects’]
the financial position of the Fund as of 31 December 2001 and of the results of its operations and its cash
flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Accounting Standards.
Date
Address
The format of the audit report will need to be tailored to reflect the legal framework of particular countries.
In certain countries the audit report covers both the current year and the comparative year.
Copyright © 2001 PricewaterhouseCoopers. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers is authorised by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants in England and Wales to carry on investment business. Designed by the studio 12432. Printed in the UK.

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International Accounting Standards: Illustrative Fund Financial Statements

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International Accounting Standards

Illustrative Fund Financial Statements

Other publications on IAS

International Accounting Standards – A Pocket Guide

and on wider aspects of international reporting:

Format of IAS illustrative financial statements

Open ended fund

Closed ended fund

Operating and financial review – general

In 1998 the International Organisation of Securities Commissions issued "International

A. Operating Results Provide information regarding significant factors, including unusual

2. Describe the impact of inflation, if material. If the currency in which financial

3. Provide information regarding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on the

4. Provide information regarding any governmental economic, fiscal, monetary or political

Operating and financial review – general (continued)

1p102(d) The Fund has no employees.

Index to the illustrative open ended fund financial statements

Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity 8

Cash flow statement 9

Notes to the financial statements

2 Use of financial instruments 13

4 Net gain on available-for-sale and trading securities excluding interest income 17

6 Taxation and deferred taxation 18

7 Net assets value per share and earnings per share 18

9 Due from/to brokers 18

10 Derivative financial instruments 19

12 Trading securities and other repurchase arrangements 20

16 Post balance sheet events 21

1p75,77 (all amounts in USD thousands) Notes Year ended 31 December

Total investment income 106,473 291,871

Operating expenditure 18,713 22,729

1p75(f) Profit from ordinary activities before tax 87,760 269,142

1p75(e) Tax 6 (3,564) (5,449)

1p75(I) Net profit on ordinary activities 84,196 263,693

33p47 Earnings per share 7 3.87 8.34

(all amounts in USD thousands) Notes As at 31 December

Cash and bank balances 285,040 324,565

Total assets 1,245,422 1,748,347

Total liabilities 207,060 129,924

Total assets less liabilities 1,038,362 1,618,423

1p66(m) ISSUED CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Total shareholders’ funds 1,038,362 1,618,423

Adjusted net asset value per share 7 54.54 52.31

Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity

1p86 (all amounts inUSD thousands) Notes Share Share Retained

1p86(e-f) Balance at 1 January 2000 14 1,453 69,132 1,221,924 1,292,509

Balance at 31 December 2000 14 1,556 231,151 1,385,716 1,618,423

Balance at 1 January 2001

Balance at 1 January 2001 as restated 1,556 231,151 1,395,566 1,628,273

1p86(a) Net profit on ordinary activities – – 84,196 84,196

Balance at 31 December 2001 962 238,801 798,599 1,038,362

Cash flow statement

7p10 (all amounts in USD thousands.) Notes Year ended 31 December

7p18(b) Net profit on ordinary activities 84,196 263,693

7p14 Operating profit before working capital changes (18,163) (22,129)

Net decrease/(increase) in margin accounts 8 95,653 (167,382)

7p31 Interest paid (550) (600)

Net cash from/(used in) operating activities 279,860 (379,708)

7p21 Cash flows from investing activities