GATE: 2000

EE : Electrical Engineering

Dumtion : Three Hours

Mnximum Mnrks : 150

~CTION-A

(TOTAL MARKS = 75)

EEl.

This question consists of 25 (TWENTY FIVE) sub-question. Each sub-question carries ONE mark. The answers to these sub-sections MUST be written only in the appropriate boxes corresponding to the questions in the first page of the answer book. (25 x 1 = 25)

An electron with velocity u is placed in an electric field E and magnetic field B. The force experienced by the electron is given by

(a) -eE (b) -eu" B

1.1.

(e) -e(u x E + B)

(d) - e(E + II x 13)

1.2.

A voltage waveform V( I) '" l2P is applied across a IH inductor for t ~ 0, with initial current through it being zero. The current through the inductor for t ~ 0 is given by :

(a) 121 (u) 24t

(e) 12~ (d) 4P

1.3.

The circuit shown in Fig. Pt.3 uses an ideal opamp working with +5V and - 5V power supplies. The output voltage V 0 is equal to

(a) + 5V IK

(b)-5V *

(c) +lV v.

5V •

(d) -tV

1.4.

Which one of the following is not a vectored interrupt? (a) TRAP (e) RSI'7.5

(b) INTR (d) RST3

1.5.

The type of power amplifier which exhibits crossover distortion in its output is

(a) Class A (u) Class B

(e) Class AB (d) Class C

1.6.

The feedback factor for the circuit shown in Fig. Pl.6 is

(a) 9/100 (e) 1/9

(b) 9/10 (d) 1/10

1.7.

A 3-phase, 4-pole squirrel cage inducti.on motor has 36 stator and 28 rotor slots. The number of phases in the rotor is

(a) 3 (b) 9

(c) 7 (d) 8

1.8.

The compensating winding in a de machine

(a) is located in armature slots for mmpensation of the armature reaction

(b) is located on commutating poles for improving the commutation

(el is located on pole shoes lor avoiding the flashover at the commutator surface

(d) is located on pole shoes to a';'~id 'the

sparking at the brushes.

In a constant voltage transformer (CVT), the output voltage remains constant due to

(a) capacitor (b) input inductor

(el saturation (d) tapped windings

The phase sequence of a three-phase alternator will reverse if

(a) the field current is reversed keeping the

direction 01 rotation same

(b) the field current remains the same but the direction of rota rion is reversed

(e) the field current is reversed and the number

of poles is doubled .

(d) the number of poles is doubled wllhout

reversing the field current.

1.9.

1.10.

1.11.

A 1.8· step, 4-phase stepper motor has a total of 40 teeth on 8 poles of stator, The number of rotor teeth for this motor will be

(a) 40 (b) 50

(e) 100 (d) 80.

In a thermal power plant, the feed water coming to the economiser is heated using

(a) H.P. steam

(h) l..P. steam

(e) direct heat in the furnace (d) flue gases.

For given base voltage and base volt-amperes, the per unit impedance value of an element is x. What will be the per unit impedance value of this element when the voltage and volt-ampere bases are both doubled ?

(a) O.5x (b) 2x

(e) 4x (d) x

1.12.

1.13.

1.14.

In an inverse definite minimum time, electromagnetic type over-current relay, the minimum time feature is achived because of (a) saturation of the magnetic circuit

(b) proper mechanical design

(e) appropriate time delay element (d) electromagnetic damping.

Out of the considerations (I) to (iv) listed below, (I) no distance limitation related to steady state

stability

(i1) no reactive power requirement from the system at the two terminals

(iii) no substantial etfect on fault level of the two systems at s' _, terminals inspite of the interconnectu-n

(iv) no corona problems

The considerations which constitute advantages of HVDC transmission are

(a) all of the above (b) (I) and (ii/)

(el (iii) and (iv) (d) (il) and (iu).

In a 3-step distance protection, the reach of the three zones of the relay at the beginning of the first line typically extends upto

(II) 100"/. of the first line, 50% of the second line and 20% of the third line

(b) 80% of the first line, 50% of the second line and 20% of the third line

(e) 80% of the first line, 200k of second line and 10"10 of the third line

(d) 50% of fi1'St W, 50"10 of second line an(1 Wv~ of the third 1 ine.

1.15.

1.16.

1.17.

A three phase serniconverter feeds the armatu.r~ of a separately excited dc motor, supplying a non-zero torque. For steady slate operation, th~ motor armature current is found 10 drop to ~ro at certain instances of time. At such instances, the votage assumes a value thai is

(a) equal 10 the instantaneous value of the ac phase voltage

(b) equal to the instantaneous value of the

motor back emf. (e) arbitrary

(d) zero.

A thyristorised. three phase, fully controlled converter feeds a de load that draws a constant current. Then the input ac line current to the converter has

(a) an ems value equal to the de load current (h) an average value equal to the de load CUrrent (e) a peak value equal to the de load current (d) a fundamental frequency component, whose

rms value is equal to the de load current.

Triangular PWM control, when applied to a three phase, BJT based voltage source inverter, introduces

(a) low order harmonic voltages on the de side (b) very high order harmonic voltages on the

de side

(e) low order harmonic voltages on the ac side (d) very high order harmonic voltage on the de

side.

Instrument transformers are known to introduce magnitude and phase errors in measurements. These are primarly due to

(0) improper conections on the primary side (b) measurement errors inherent in the meter

connected to the transformer secondary (e) open and short circuit parameters of the

instrument transformers (d) none of the above.

An analogue electronic circuit that measures rms value of the input voltage by averaging the square of the instantaneous voltage level, responds slowly to changes in the input signal due to

(a) the "square" function built into the circuit (b) the "square-root" function built into the

circuit

(c) the averaging function built into the circuit (d) none of the above.

1.18.

1.19.

1.20.

1.21.

Ratio of the rotor reactance X to the rotor resistance R for a two-phase servomotor

(a) is equal to that of a normal induction motor. (b) is less than that of a normal induction motor. (e) is greater than that of a normal induction

motor.

(d) may be less or greater than that of a normal induction motor.

Feed ba ck control s ys terns are

(a) insensitive to both forward-and feedbackpath parameter changes.

(b) less sensitive to feedback-path parameter changes than to forward-path parameter changes.

(e) less sensitive to forward-path parameter changes than to feedback-path parameter changes.

(d) equally sensitive to forward-and feed back- path parameter changes.

A unity feedback system has open-loop transfer function G(s). The steady-slate error is zero for (a) step input and type-IG(s)

(b) ramp input and type-IC(s)

(e) step input and type-G(s)

(d) ramp input and type-O C(s).

1.25. A linear time-invariant system initially at rest, when subjected to a unit-step input, gives a response yet) '" te - t, t > O. The transfer function of the system is.

1.23.

1.240.

(a) (8 + 1)2

(/I) 8(5 + 1)2

6 (el (6 + 1)2

1 (d) 8(6 + 1)

EE2.

This question consists of 25 (Twenty Five) sub-questions, Each sub-questions carries TWO mark. The answers to these sub-questions MUST be written only in the appropriate boxes corresponding to the questions in the second page of the answer book. (25 x 2 == SO) A two-port device is defined by the following pair of equations :

il == 2vl + v2 and 12 == VI + v2'

Its impedance parameters (Zll' z12' z21' z22) are given by

(a) (2, 1, 1, 1) (c) (1, 1, 1, 2)

2.1.

(b) (1, -1,-1,2) (d) (2, -1,-1, 1)

2..2.

The circuit shown in Fig. P 2.2 is equivalent to a load of

~ _j:____ya

4

(a) '30h1T15

(e) 40 oh1T15

2.3.

8

(b) '3 oh1T15

(d) 2 oh1T15

The impedance seen by the source in the circuit in Fig. P2.3. is given by

(a) (0.54 + jO .313) oh1T15 (b) (4- j2) ohms

(e) (40.54 - j1.69) ohms (d) (40 + j2) ohms

The minimal product-of-sums function described by the K-map given in Fig. P2.4.

2.40.

00 01 11 10
0 1 1 41 0
1 0 0 41 0 (a) A'C' (e) A+C

(b) A' +C' (d) AC

2.S. A diode whose terminal characteristics are related as iD'" Is ( ~T)' where ~ is the reverse saturation current and V T is the thermal voltage ('" 25 mY). is biased at ID::: 2 rnA. Its dynamic resistance is.

(a) 25 ohms (!;I) 12.5 ohms

(e) 50 ohms (d) 100 ohms.

2.6. In the circuit of Fig. P2.6, the value of the base current Is wil1 be

(oj 0.0 micro amperes (I') 18.2 micro amperes (e") 26.7 micro amperes (d) 40.0 micro amperes

2.7. A dual-slope analog-to-o igital converter IISes an !'l-bit counter. When the input sign,,1 Vo is being integrated, the counter is allowed to coun t up to a value

(a) equal to 2N - 2 (b) equal to 2N - 1

(e) proportional to Va

(d) inversely proportional to Va

2.8. A 3-phase delta/ star transformer is supplied at 6000Von the delta-connected side. The terrnina I voltage on the secondary side when supplying full load at 0.8 lagging power-factor is 415 V. The eq ui v a len t resis ranee an d reac lance d ro ps for the transformer are 1 % and 5% respectively. The turns ratio of the transformer is

(n) 14 (b) 24

(e) 42 (d) 20

2.9. A 240 V de series motor takes 40A when giving its rated output at 1500 rpm. Its resistance is 0.3 ohms. The value of resistance which must be added to obtain rated torgue at 1000 rpm is

(II) 6 ohms (b) 5.7 ohms

(e) 2.2 ohms (d) 1.9 ohms

2.10. The power input to a 415V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, 3-phJse induction motor running at 975 rpm is 40 kW. The stator losses are 1 kW and friction and windage losses total 2 kW. The efficiency of the motor is

In) 92.5% (b) 90%

(c) 90% (d) 88%.

2.11. A single-phase, 2000 V alternator has armature resistance and reactance of 0.8 ohms and 4.94 ohms respectively. The voltage regulation of the alternator at 100A load at 0.8 leading power-factor is

(a) 7% (v) - 8.9%

(e) 14% (d) 0%

2.12. A permanent magnet dc commutator motor has a no load speed of 6000 rpm when connected to a 120V de supply. The armature resistance is 2.5 ohms and other losses may be neglected. The speed of the motor with supply voltage of 60V developing a torque 0.5 Nm, is

(a) 3000 rpm (v) 2673 rpm

(e) 2836 rpm (d) 5346 rpm

2.13.

A transmiSSion line has equal voltages at the two ends: ma intained corrst an r by two SOUT(:CS, A third SOurce is 10 be provided to m~int.in const~nt v?ltage (equal to end voltages) at either the midpoint of the line Q1' at 755 of the distance from the sending end. Then the maximum power transfer capabilities of the line in the onginal casc and lhe other two cases respectively WIll be 111 the following ratios.

(n) 1: 1 1 (b) 1. 2 : 1/0.75

(e) 1: 2 • 4 (il) 1: 4 : 16

The plug setting of a negative sequence relay is 0.2 A. The current transformer ratio is 5 . 1. The minimum value of tine to line fault current lor the operation of the relay is

2.14.

(n) lA (0) 1
1.732 A
(el 1.732 A (d) 0.2
L732 A .. 2.15.

The incremental cost characteristics of two generators delivering 200 MW are as follows

For economic operation, the generations PI and 1'2 should be

(n) P1 = P2 '= 100 MW

(b) Pl = 80MW, P2 = 120 MW (e) PI = 200MW, P2 = 0 MW (d) 1'1 = 120 MW, P280 MW

2.16. The corona loss on a particular system at 50Hz is 1 kW /km per phase. The corona loss at 60 Hz would be

(a) 1 kW /km per phase

(b) 0.83 kW /km pef phase (e) 12 kW Ikm per phase (rI) 1.13 kW /km per phase

2.17. The severity of line-to-ground and three phase faults at the terminals of an unloaded synchronous generator is to be same. If the terminal voltage is 1.0 p.u. and zl = 22 = iO.l p.u., Zo = jO.05 p.ll. for the alternator, then the required inductive reactance for neutral grounding is

(n) 0.0166 p.u. (v) 0,05 p.u.

(e) 0.1 p. u, (til 0.15 p, u.

2.18.

A three phase voltage source inverter supplies a purely inductive three phase load. Upon Fourier analysis, the output voltage waveform is found to have an lI·th order harmonic of magnitude [J_1t times that of the fundamental frequency component (ai, <I). The load current would then have an I,·th order harmonic of magnitude

(a) zero

(b) ah times the [u n d arne nt a I frequency component

(e) /Ic'h limes the (undarncntal frequency component

(d) 0.,,111 limes the fundamental frequency

component

A step down chopper operates from a de voltage SOli rce V" and feeds a de motor arrna turewith a back emf Eb. From oscilloscope traces, it is found that the current increases for time I r ralls 10 zero over time It, and remains zero for time '0' in every chopping cycle. Then the average de voltage across the freewheeling diode is

2.19.

V,I, (0) (V), +£"1,)
(a) (I, +11 +10) (tr + 'r + lol
(c) (V)r + E~lo) (d) V,I, + E~rlf +101
(/,+',+10) (1,+1,+10) 2.20.

A three phase, wound rotor induction motor is to be operated with slip energy recovery in tho constant torque mode, when it delivers In output power Po at slip s. Then theoretically, the maximum power that is available for recovery at the rotor terminals, is equal to

(al Po (b) PO .. ,

(e) --.!JL.. (J - s)

po.s (d) (1-5)

2.21.

The two wattmeter method is used to measure active power on a lhree phase. three wi re system. If the phase volta ge is unbalanced, then I he power reading is

(a) affected by both negative sequence and zero sequence voltages

(b) affected by negative sequence voltages bu t not by zero sequence voltages

(e) affected by zero sequence voltages but not by negative sequence voltages

(d) not affected by negative or zero sequence voltages.

2.22.

If an ac voltage wave is corrupted with an arbitra ry number of harmonics, then the overall voltage waveform differs from its fundamental frequency component in terms 01

(aj only the peak values

(b) only the rms values

(el only the average values

(d) all the three measures (peak, rrns, and a verage values).

The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is

254 +,3 + 3$2+55 +10 =0

The number of roots In the right half of s-plane are

2.23.

(a) zero (e) 2

(b) 1 (d) 3

A unity feedback system has open-loop transfer function Cts) = 125/[5(5 + 6))1. The peak overshoot in the step-input response of the system ioS approximately equal to

(tI) 5% (b) 10%

(e) 15% (d) 20%

2.25. Maximum phase-lead of the compensator

2.24.

t05s + 1) .

D(s} = (0.05s + 1) , IS

(n) 52 deg at 4 rad Zsec

(b) 52 deg at 10 rad Zsec

(c) 55 deg ill 12 rad.'sec

(<I) None of the answers is correct

SECTION ·B

(TOTAL MARKS", 75)

This section consists of Twenty questions of Five marks each. ANY FIFTEEN out of them have to be answered. If more number of questions are attempted, score off the answers not to be evaluated, else. only the first fifteen unscored answers will be considered.

BE3 Predict the current j in Fig. P3 in response to it voltage of 20LO" V. The impedance v a 1\1,,5 are given in ohms. Use thevenin's theor(>m.

EE4 (II) Show via the construction 01 a suitable Gaussian surface, that the capacitance of a spherical capacitor consisnng of two concentric shells of radii a and U is given by

IIU C = 411"0 (b-II)

where "0 is the free space permittivity.7

(b) A current 1 in the short conducting element shown in Fig. P4 produces a flux density B\ at point 1. Determine the magnitude and the direc tion of the fI ux dens i Iy vee tor at poin t 2.

./2

I l,

EE5. A currrent amplifier has an input resistance of 100, an output resistance of WkQ and a current gain of 1000. II is feed by a current source having a scree resistance of 10kO and its ouput is connected to a 100 load resistance. Find the voltage gain and the power gain.

EE6. An active filter consisting of an op-amp, resistors R1, ~, R3 and two capacitors of value C each, has a transfer function

-s (R1C)

T(s)= 2 25 1 ,whereR=R111~.

s +--+---

(RJC) {RRJC2}

H Rl = 2k!l, ~ = 2/3kn, R3200kn and C '" 0.1 )IF, determine the centre frequency (010' gain AO and the Q of the filter.

EE7. The counter shown in Fig. P7 is initially in state Q2 '" 0, Q1 '" 1, ~ '" O. With reference to the CLK input, draw waveforms for Q2' Q1' ~ and P for the next three CLK cycles.

00 Q:,

EE8. In a single-phase, three-winding transformer, the turns ratio for primary: secondary: tertiary windings is 20 : 4 : 1. With the lagging currents of 50 A a t a power-factor of 0.6 in. the tertia ry winding, find the primary current and power. factor.

EE9. A belt driven de shunt generator runs at 15{JQ rpm delivering 10k{l, at nov busbars, The belt breaks, following which the machine operates as a motor drawing 2 kW power. What will be its speed as a motor? The armature and field resistances are 0.25 ohms and 55 ohms respeetively. Ignore armature reaction and assume the contact drop at each brush to be IV.

EEIO. A 230 V, 20 hp, 60Hz, e-pole, 3-phase induction motor driving a constant torque load at rated frequency, rated voltage and rated horse-power, has a speed of 1175 rpm and an efficiency 01 92.1%. Determine the new operating speed if a system disturbance causes 10% drop in voltage and 6% drop in frequency. Assume that friction, windage and stray power losses remain constant.

EEl1. A 2300 V, 3-phase synchronous motor driving a pump is provided with a line ammeter and a field rheostat. When the rheostat is adjusted such that the ac line current is minimum, the ammeter reads B.8 A. What is the power being delivered to the pump, neglecting losses? How should the rheostat he adjusted so that the motor operates at 0.8 leading power-factor? How many kVARs is the motor supplying to the system at this (lew power-factor?

EE12. A 275 kV, 3-phase, SO Hz, 400 km lossless line has following parameters :

x = 0.05 ohms/krn, line charging susceptance y '" 3.0 micro-Siemens/km.

(a) Calculate the receiving end voltage on open circuit using justifiable assumptions.

(b) What load at the receiving end will result in a flat voltage profile on the line?

(c) If the flat voltage profile is to be achieved at 1.2 times the loading in (b), what will be the nature and quantum of uniformly distributed compensation reqUired 1

EE13. In a 3-bus system, Gauss load flow method is to be used for finding the switched capacitor compensation required to maintain the voltage <It bus 2 equal to LO p.u. The data for the system is as follows.

Line Data : 212 = 2.13 = 231 ";0.1 p.u. Neglect line charging.

Bus Data:

Bus No. Bus Type Specifications

1 Slack V I = (1 + ;0) p.u.

2 PV Load: P2 + jQ2

= (0.4 + ;0.2) p.u. V2 (magnitude) = 1.0 p.u.

Load: P3 + ;Q3

= 0.3 + ;0.15) p.u,

3.

PQ

All data are on common base values.

With the help of one iteration of load flow, explain how you will achieve Ihe stated objective.

EE14.

For the configuration shown in Fig. P14, the breaker connecting a large system to bus 2 is initially open. The system 3-phase fault level at bus 3 under this condition is not known. After closing the system breaker, the 3-phase fault level at bus 1 was found to be 5.0 p.u. What will be the new 3-phase fault level at system bus 3 after the interconnection? All per unit values are on common bases. Prefault load currents are neglected and prefault voltages are assumed to be 1.0 p.u. at all buses.

III 0

<?H~ I

EElS.

A synchronous generator, having a reactance of 0.15 p.u., is connected to an infinite bus through two identical parallel transmission lines having reactance of 0.3 p.u. each. In steady state, the generator is delivering 1 p.u. power to the infinite bus. For a three phase fault at the receiving end of one line, calculate the rotor angle at the end of first time step of 0.05 seconds. Assume the voltage behind transient reactance for the generator as 1.1 p.u. and infinite bus voltage as 1.0 p.u. Also indicate how the accelerating powers will be evaluated for the next time step if the breaker clears the fault

(I) at the end of an interval

(;1) at the middle of an interval.

EE16. A single phase voltage source of magnitude V. and frequency (j) (rad/s) is connected to an inductance L through an antiparaUet back-toback pair of thyristors. The forward and reverse conducting thyristors are fired at an angle of (J ;;., 11/2 from the positive-going and negativegoing zero crossings of the supply voltage respec tive I y, in ea ch cycle.

Obtain an expression for the inductor current in each cycle for a given va lue of a.

The voltage drop across the thyristors, when either of them is in conduction, may be assumed to be negligible.

EEI7. A de motor with armature resistance R. is fed from a step down chopper in the continuous mode, and operates at some known speed and known excitation current. The motor current rises from Imin to lmax in the ON period Ton of the chopper; and drops from 1m"" to Im;n in the OFF period Tofl of the same circuit. Both the rise and fall of the current may be assumed to be approximately linear. What is the average power loss in the machine armature?

EE18. For perfectly balanced operation a certain three phase ac power electronic circuit generates odd harmonic currents of order five and seven in the three phases of the ac mains, Identify which of these harmonics form a positive-sequence system, and which form a negative-sequence system.

EE19. A three phase load operates with balanced voltages applied to its terminals, and draws balanced currents. The potential coil of a moving coil wattmeter is connected from R to Y terminals of the load. The current coil of the meter is connected in series with phase B. By appropriate derivation, show that the quantity indicated by this wattmeter is proportional to Ihe reactive power drawn by the load.

H20. Open-loop transfer function of a unity-feedback system is

e-:-"1n

G(s) :: G1 (5). e-n 0:: 5(5 + 1)(s + 2) Given: I G1 (jro) I ee 1 when ro = 0.466.

(a) Determine the phase margin when TD = O. (b) Comment in one sentence on the effect of

dead-time on the stability of the system. (e) Determine the maximum value of dead-time to for the closed-loop system to be stable.

EE2l. A unity feedback system has open-loop transfer function

K(s+5)

G{s) = --_ ; K2:0 5(S+ 2)

(a) Draw a rough sketch of the root locus pial; given that the complex roots of the characteristic equation move along a circle. (b) As K increases, does the system become less sta ble ? Justify your answer.

(e) Find the value of K(if it exists) so that the dampjng~ of the complex closed loop poles is 0.3.

EE22. Consider the sta te equation %(1) '" A %(1)

(e-' + te-' 1'-']

Given ".AI = _ _

-te r co I ~te-r

(a) Find a set of states x] (1) and x2 (1) such that x](2) = 2.

(b) Show that

(sl-A)-l : "'(s) "'±[S:12 :}£l.:lS+l)L tel From "'(5), find the matrix A.

ANSWERS
SECTlO~-A
EE-l
1.1 (a) 1.2 (d) 1.3 (d) 1.4 (d) 1.5 (b) 1.6 (d) 1.7 (a) 1.8 (e) 1.9 (d) 1.10 (b)
1.11 (b) 1.12 (d) 1.13 (a) 1.14 (a) 1.15 (0) 1.16 (e) 1.17 (b) 1.18 (e) 1.19 (d) 1.20 (e)
1.21 (e) 1.22 (v) 1.23 (e) 1.24 (a) .1.25 (.)
EE-2
2.1 (b) 2.2 (b) 2.3 (e) 2.4 (a) 2.5 (b) 2.6 (b) 2.7 (d) 2.8(b) 2.9 (d) 2.10 (e)
2.11 (b) 2.12(17) 2.13 (a) 2.14 (e) 2.15 (d) 2.16 (d) 2.17 (a) 1.18 (d) 2.19 (e) 2.20 (b)
2.21 (d) 2.22 (d) 2.23 (e) 2.24 (b) 2.25 (d)