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ASP Tutorial

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ASP Tutorial

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Jose Juan

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ASP Tutorial

ASP Tutorial
In our ASP tutorial you will learn about ASP, and how to execute scripts on
your server.

You will see that ASP is a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive
Web pages.

Start learning ASP!

Table of Contents

Introduction to ASP
What ASP is, what an ASP file is, how ASP works, and what ASP can do for you.

Install ASP
How to run ASP on your own PC.

ASP Syntax
The basics of ASP Syntax. Contains examples.

ASP Variables
The lifetime of variables, and a brief explanation about Session variables and Application variables.
Contains examples.

ASP Procedures
How to call procedures and functions, how to call a JavaScript procedure from a VBScript and vice
versa, and how to mix different script languages on the same page. Contains examples.

ASP Forms
How to get information from forms, and a few words about form validation. Contains examples.

ASP Cookies
What a cookie is, how to set a Cookie, how to get a Cookie, how to set Cookie paths, and how to
handle browsers that do not support cookies. Contains Examples.

ASP Session
What a session is, how to set session variables, how to get session variables, how to remove
session variables, and how to loop through session variables.

ASP Application
What an application is, how to set application variables, how to get application variables, and how
to loop through application variables.

ASP #include
It is possible to insert the content of another file into an ASP file before the server executes it, with
the #include directive.

ASP Global.asa
The Global.asa file is an optional file where you can specify event scripts and declare session and
application objects that can be accessed by every page in an ASP application.
ASP Sending e-mail with CDO
CDO is a built-in component in ASP. This component is used to send e-mail with ASP.

ASP Object References

ASP Response Object

The Response Object is used to send output to the user from the server. This chapter contains the
methods, properties, and collections for the Response Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Request Object

When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The Request Object is used to
get information from the user This chapter contains the methods, properties, and collections of the
Request Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Application Object

The Application Object is used to share information among all users of a given application. This
chapter contains the methods, collections, and events of the Application Object.

ASP Session Object

The Session Object is used to store information about or change settings for a user's current Web-
server session. This chapter contains the methods, properties, collections, and events of the Session
Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Server Object

The Server Object is used to access properties and methods on the server. This chapter contains
the methods and properties of the Server Object. Contains Examples.

ASPError Object
The ASPError Object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in scripts in an
ASP page.

ASP FileSystemObject Object

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on the server. This chapter contains
the methods and properties of the FileSystem Object. Contains Examples.

ASP TextStream Object

The TextStream Object is used to access the contents of a file. This chapter contains the methods
and properties of the TextStream Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Drive Object

The Drive Object is used to access the properties of a disk drive or network. This chapter contains
the properties of the Drive Object. Contains Examples.

ASP File Object

The File Object is used to access the properties of a file. This chapter contains the methods and
properties of the File Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Folder Object

The Folder Object is used to access the properties of a folder. This chapter contains the methods
and properties of the Folder Object.

ASP Dictionary Object

The Dictionary object is used to store information. This chapter contains the methods and properties
of the Dictionary Object. Contains Examples.

ASP Component References

ASP Ad Rotator Component
The Ad Rotator component creates an Ad Rotator object that displays a different advertisement
each time a user enters or refreshes a page. Contains Examples.

ASP Browser Capabilities Component

The Browser Capabilities component creates a BrowserType object that gives you a description of
the capabilities of the client's browser. Contains Examples.

ASP Content Linking Component

The Content Linking component creates a Nextlink object that holds a list of linked Web pages. You
can treat the Web pages like a book. You can also use this component to generate and update
tables of contents and navigational links. This is ideal for online newspapers and forum message
listings. Contains Examples.

ASP Content Rotator Component

The Content Rotator component creates a ContentRotator object that displays a different HTML
content string each time a user enters or refreshes a page.

ASP Quick Reference

ASP Quick Reference from W3Schools. Print it, and fold it in your pocket.

ASP Examples/Quiz

ASP Examples
Lots of ASP Examples !!!

ASP Quiz Test

Test your ASP skills !!!

ASP - ADO

ADO Introduction
This chapter is an introduction to ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). Contains Examples.

Introduction to ASP

An ASP file can contain text, HTML tags and scripts. Scripts in an ASP file are executed on
the server

What you should already know

Before you continue you should have some basic understanding of the following:

 WWW, HTML and the basics of building Web pages

 A scripting language like JavaScript or VBScript

If you want to study these subjects, go to our Home Page

What is ASP?
• ASP stands for Active Server Pages
• ASP is a program that runs inside IIS
• IIS stands for Internet Information Services
• IIS comes as a free component with Windows 2000
• IIS is also a part of the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack
• The Option Pack can be downloaded from Microsoft
• PWS is a smaller - but fully functional - version of IIS
• PWS can be found on your Windows 95/98 CD

ASP Compatibility

• ASP is a Microsoft Technology

• To run IIS you must have Windows NT 4.0 or later
• To run PWS you must have Windows 95 or later
• ChiliASP is a technology that runs ASP without Windows OS
• InstantASP is another technology that runs ASP without Windows

What is an ASP File?

• An ASP file is just the same as an HTML file

• An ASP file can contain text, HTML, XML, and scripts
• Scripts in an ASP file are executed on the server
• An ASP file has the file extension ".asp"

How Does ASP Differ from HTML?

• When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file
• When a browser requests an ASP file, IIS passes the request to the ASP engine. The ASP
engine reads the ASP file, line by line, and executes the scripts in the file. Finally, the ASP
file is returned to the browser as plain HTML

What can ASP do for you?

• Dynamically edit, change or add any content of a Web page

• Respond to user queries or data submitted from HTML forms
• Access any data or databases and return the results to a browser
• Customize a Web page to make it more useful for individual users
• The advantages of using ASP instead of CGI and Perl, are those of simplicity and speed
• Provides security since your ASP code can not be viewed from the browser
• Since ASP files are returned as plain HTML, they can be viewed in any browser
• Clever ASP programming can minimize the network traffic

Run ASP on Your PC

You can run ASP on your own PC without an external server. To do that, you must install
Microsoft's Personal Web Server (PWS) or Internet Information Services (IIS) on your
PC.

How to Run ASP on your own PC

You can run ASP on your own PC without an external server. To do that, you must install Microsoft's
Personal Web Server (PWS) or Internet Information Services (IIS) on your PC.

If you are serious about using ASP, you should have at least Windows 98, Second
Edition.

If you are really serious about using ASP, you should go for Windows 2000.

How to install PWS and run ASP on Windows 95

Personal Web Server (PWS) is not shipped with Windows 95 !!

To run ASP on Windows 95, you will have to download "Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack" from
Microsoft.

Download the "Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack"

How to install PWS and run ASP on Windows NT

Personal Web Server (PWS) is not shipped with Windows NT !!

To run ASP on Windows NT, you will have to download "Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack" from
Microsoft.

Download the "Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack"

How to install PWS and run ASP on Windows 98

1. Open the Add-ons folder on your Windows98 CD, find the PWS folder and run the
setup.exe file.
2. An Inetpub folder will be created on your harddrive. Open it and find the wwwroot
folder.
3. Create a new folder, like "MyWeb", under wwwroot.
4. Use a text editor to write some ASP code, save the file as "test1.asp" in the "MyWeb"
folder.
5. Make sure your Web server is running - The installation program has added a new icon on
your task bar (this is the PWS symbol). Click on the icon and press the Start button in the
window that appears.
6. Open your browser and type in "http://localhost/MyWeb/test1.asp", to view your first
ASP page.

How to install PWS and run ASP on Windows ME

Personal Web Server (PWS) is not included with Windows Me !!

Read article from Microsoft

A workaround!

How to install IIS and run ASP on Windows 2000

1. From your Start Button, go to Settings, and Control Panel
2. In the Control Panel window select Add/Remove Programs
3. In the Add/Remove window select Add/Remove Windows Components
4. In the Wizard window check Internet Information Services, click OK
5. An Inetpub folder will be created on your harddrive
6. Open the Inetpub folder, and find a folder named wwwroot
7. Create a new folder, like "MyWeb", under wwwroot.
8. Use a text editor to write some ASP code, save the file as "test1.asp" in the "MyWeb"
folder
9. Make sure your Web server is running - The installation program has added a new icon on
your task bar (this is the IIS symbol). Click on the icon and press the Start button in the
window that appears.
10. Open your browser and type in "http://localhost/MyWeb/test1.asp", to view your first
ASP page

How to install IIS and run ASP on Windows XP Professional

Note: You cannot run ASP on Windows XP Home Edition.

1. Insert the Windows XP Professional CD-Rom into your CD-Rom Drive

2. From your Start Button, go to Settings, and Control Panel
3. In the Control Panel window select Add/Remove Programs
4. In the Add/Remove window select Add/Remove Windows Components
5. In the Wizard window check Internet Information Services, click OK
6. An Inetpub folder will be created on your harddrive
7. Open the Inetpub folder, and find a folder named wwwroot
8. Create a new folder, like "MyWeb", under wwwroot.
9. Use a text editor to write some ASP code, save the file as "test1.asp" in the "MyWeb"
folder
10. Make sure your Web server is running - its status can be checked by going into the Control
Panel, then Administrative Tools, and double-click the "IIS Manager" icon
11. Open your browser and type in "http://localhost/MyWeb/test1.asp", to view your first
ASP page

How to install IIS and run ASP on Windows Server 2003 (Windows .NET
Server)

1. When you start the Windows Server 2003, you should see the Manage Your Server
wizard
2. If the wizard is not displayed, go to Administrative Tools, and select Manage Your
Server
3. In the wizard, click Add or Remove a Role, click Next
4. Select Custom Configuration, click Next
5. Select Application Server role, click Next
6. Select Enable ASP.NET, click Next
7. Now, the wizard may ask for the Server 2003 CD. Insert the CD and let it run until it is
finished, then click the Finish button
8. The wizard should now show the Application Server role installed
9. Click on Manage This Application Server to bring up the Application Server
Management Console (MMC)
10. Expand the Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager, then expand your server,
and then the Web Sites folder
11. You should see the Default Web Site, and it should not say (Stopped)
12. IIS is running!
13. In the Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager click on the Web Service
Extensions folder
14. Here you will see that Active Server Pages are Prohibited (this is the default
configuration of IIS 6)
15. Highlight Active Server Pages and click the Allow button
16. ASP is now active!

ASP Syntax

You cannot view the ASP source code by selecting "View source" in a browser, you will
only see the output from the ASP file, which is plain HTML. This is because the scripts are
executed on the server before the result is sent back to the browser.

In our ASP tutorial, every example displays the hidden ASP source code. This will make it
easier for you to understand how it works.

Examples

Write text with ASP

How to write some text with ASP.

Add some HTML to the text

How to format the text with HTML tags.

The Basic Syntax Rule

An ASP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file. However, an ASP file can also
contain server scripts, surrounded by the delimiters <% and %>. Server scripts are executed
on the server, and can contain any expressions, statements, procedures, or operators valid for the
scripting language you prefer to use.

The Response Object

The Write method of the ASP Response Object is used to send content to the browser. For
example, the following statement sends the text "Hello World" to the browser:

<%
response.write("Hello World!")
%>

VBScript

You may use different scripting languages in ASP files. However, the default scripting language is
VBScript:
<html>
<body>
<%
response.write("Hello World!")
%>
</body>
</html>

The example above writes "Hello World!" into the body of the document.

JavaScript

To set JavaScript as the default scripting language for a particular page you must insert a language
specification at the top of the page:

<%@ language="javascript"%>
<html>
<body>
<%
Response.Write("Hello World!")
%>
</body>
</html>

Note: Unlike VBScript - JavaScript is case sensitive. You will have to write your ASP code with
uppercase letters and lowercase letters when the language requires it.

Other Scripting Languages

ASP is shipped with VBScript and JScript (Microsoft's implementation of JavaScript). If you want to
script in another language, like PERL, REXX, or Python, you will have to install script engines for
them.

Important: Because the scripts are executed on the server, the browser that displays the ASP file
does not need to support scripting at all!

ASP Variables

A variable is used to store information.

If the variable is declared outside a procedure it can be changed by any script in the ASP
file. If the variable is declared inside a procedure, it is created and destroyed every time
the procedure is executed.

Examples

Declare a variable
Variables are used to store information. This example demonstrates how to declare a variable,
assign a value to it, and use the value in a text.
Declare an array
Arrays are used to store a series of related data items. This example demonstrates how to declare
an array that stores names.

Loop through the HTML headers

How to loop through the six headers in HTML.

Time-based greeting using VBScript

This example will display a different message to the user depending on the time on the server.

Time-based greeting using JavaScript

This example is the same as the one above, but the syntax is different.

Lifetime of Variables

A variable declared outside a procedure can be accessed and changed by any script in the ASP file.

A variable declared inside a procedure is created and destroyed every time the procedure is
executed. No scripts outside the procedure can access or change the variable.

To declare variables accessible to more than one ASP file, declare them as session variables or
application variables.

Session Variables

Session variables are used to store information about ONE single user, and are available to all pages
in one application. Typically information stored in session variables are name, id, and preferences.

Application Variables

Application variables are also available to all pages in one application. Application variables are used
to store information about ALL users in a specific application.

ASP Procedures

In ASP you can call a JavaScript procedure from a VBScript and vice versa.

Examples

Call a procedure using VBScript

How to call a VBScript procedure from ASP.

Call a procedure using JavaScript

How to call a JavaScript procedure from ASP.

Call procedures using VBScript

How to call both a JavaScript procedure and a VBScript procedure in an ASP file.

Procedures

The ASP source code can contain procedures and functions:

<html>
<head>
<%
sub vbproc(num1,num2)
response.write(num1*num2)
end sub
%>
</head>
<body>
<p>Result: <%call vbproc(3,4)%></p>
</body>
</html>

Insert the <%@ language="language" %> line above the <html> tag to write procedures or
functions in another scripting language than default:

<%@ language="javascript" %>

<html>
<head>
<%
function jsproc(num1,num2)
{
Response.Write(num1*num2)
}
%>
</head>
<body>
<p>Result: <%jsproc(3,4)%></p>
</body>
</html>

Differences Between VBScript and JavaScript

When calling a VBScript or a JavaScript procedure from an ASP file written in VBScript, you can use
the "call" keyword followed by the procedure name. If a procedure requires parameters, the
parameter list must be enclosed in parentheses when using the "call" keyword. If you omit the "call"
keyword, the parameter list must not be enclosed in parentheses. If the procedure has no
parameters, the parentheses are optional.

When calling a JavaScript or a VBScript procedure from an ASP file written in JavaScript, always use
parentheses after the procedure name.

ASP Forms and User Input

The Request.QueryString and Request.Form commands may be used to retrieve

information from forms, like user input.

Examples

A form with method="get"

How to interact with the user, with the Request.QueryString command.
A form with method="post"
How to interact with the user, with the Request.Form command.

A form with radio buttons

How to interact with the user, through radio buttons, with the Request.Form command.

User Input

The Request object may be used to retrieve user information from forms.

Form example:

<form method="get" action="simpleform.asp">

First Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<br />
Last Name: <input type="text" name="lname">
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

User input can be retrieved in two ways: With Request.QueryString or Request.Form.

Request.QueryString

The Request.QueryString command is used to collect values in a form with method="get".

Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the
browser's address bar) and has limits on the amount of information to send.

If a user typed "Bill" and "Gates" in the form example above, the URL sent to the server would look
like this:

http://www.w3schools.com/simpleform.asp?fname=Bill&lname=Gates

Assume that the ASP file "simpleform.asp" contains the following script:

<body>
Welcome
<%
response.write(request.querystring("fname"))
response.write(" " & request.querystring("lname"))
%>
</body>

The browser will display the following in the body of the document:

Welcome Bill Gates

Request.Form
The Request.Form command is used to collect values in a form with method="post". Information
sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of
information to send.

If a user typed "Bill" and "Gates" in the form example above, the URL sent to the server would look
like this:

http://www.w3schools.com/simpleform.asp

Assume that the ASP file "simpleform.asp" contains the following script:

<body>
Welcome
<%
response.write(request.form("fname"))
response.write(" " & request.form("lname"))
%>
</body>

The browser will display the following in the body of the document:

Welcome Bill Gates

Form Validation

User input should be validated on the browser whenever possible (by client scripts). Browser
validation is faster and you reduce the server load.

You should consider using server validation if the user input will be inserted into a database. A good
way to validate a form on the server is to post the form to itself, instead of jumping to a different
page. The user will then get the error messages on the same page as the form. This makes it easier
to discover the error.

ASP Cookies

A cookie is often used to identify a user.

Examples

Welcome cookie
How to create a Welcome cookie.

What is a Cookie?

A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the
user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the
cookie too. With ASP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.

How to Create a Cookie

The "Response.Cookies" command is used to create cookies.

Note: The Response.Cookies command must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.

In the example below, we will create a cookie named "firstname" and assign the value "Alex" to it:

<%
Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"
%>

It is also possible to assign properties to a cookie, like setting a date when the cookie should expire:

<%
Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"
Response.Cookies("firstname").Expires=#May 10,2002#
%>

How to Retrieve a Cookie Value

The "Request.Cookies" command is used to retrieve a cookie value.

In the example below, we retrieve the value of the cookie named "firstname" and display it on a
page:

<%
fname=Request.Cookies("firstname")
response.write("Firstname=" & fname)
%>

Output:

Firstname=Alex

A Cookie with Keys

If a cookie contains a collection of multiple values, we say that the cookie has Keys.

In the example below, we will create a cookie collection named "user". The "user" cookie has Keys
that contains information about a user:

<%
Response.Cookies("user")("firstname")="John"
Response.Cookies("user")("lastname")="Smith"
Response.Cookies("user")("country")="Norway"
Response.Cookies("user")("age")="25"
%>

Read all Cookies

Look at the following code:

<%
Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"
Response.Cookies("user")("firstname")="John"
Response.Cookies("user")("lastname")="Smith"
Response.Cookies("user")("country")="Norway"
Response.Cookies("user")("age")="25"
%>

Assume that your server has sent all the cookies above to a user.

Now we want to read all the cookies sent to a user. The example below shows how to do it (note
that the code below checks if a cookie has Keys with the HasKeys property):

<html>
<body>
<%
dim x,y
for each x in Request.Cookies
response.write("<p>")
if Request.Cookies(x).HasKeys then
for each y in Request.Cookies(x)
response.write(x & ":" & y & "=" & Request.Cookies(x)(y))
response.write("<br />")
next
else
Response.Write(x & "=" & Request.Cookies(x) & "<br />")
end if
response.write "</p>"
next
%>
</body>
</html>

Output:

firstname=Alex

user:firstname=John
user:lastname=Smith
user:country=Norway
user:age=25

What if a Browser Does NOT Support Cookies?

If your application deals with browsers that do not support cookies, you will have to use other
methods to pass information from one page to another in your application. There are two ways of
doing this:

1. Add parameters to a URL

You can add parameters to a URL:

<a href="welcome.asp?fname=John&lname=Smith">
Go to Welcome Page</a>
And retrieve the values in the "welcome.asp" file like this:

<%
fname=Request.querystring("fname")
lname=Request.querystring("lname")
response.write("<p>Hello " & fname & " " & lname & "!</p>")
response.write("<p>Welcome to my Web site!</p>")
%>

2. Use a form

You can use a form. The form passes the user input to "welcome.asp" when the user clicks on the
Submit button:

<form method="post" action="welcome.asp">

First Name: <input type="text" name="fname" value="">
Last Name: <input type="text" name="lname" value="">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Retrieve the values in the "welcome.asp" file like this:

<%
fname=Request.form("fname")
lname=Request.form("lname")
response.write("<p>Hello " & fname & " " & lname & "!</p>")
response.write("<p>Welcome to my Web site!</p>")
%>

ASP Session Object

The Session object

When you are working with an application, you open it, do some changes and then you close it. This
is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the application
and when you end. But on the internet there is one problem: the web server does not know who
you are and what you do because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state.

ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sent to the client
and it contains information that identifies the user. This interface is called the Session object.

The Session object is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session.
Variables stored in the Session object hold information about one single user, and are available to
all pages in one application. Common information stored in session variables are name, id, and
preferences. The server creates a new Session object for each new user, and destroys the Session
object when the session expires.
When does a Session Start?

A session starts when:

• A new user requests an ASP file, and the Global.asa file includes a Session_OnStart
procedure
• A value is stored in a Session variable
• A user requests an ASP file, and the Global.asa file uses the <object> tag to instantiate an
object with session scope

When does a Session End?

A session ends if a user has not requested or refreshed a page in the application for a specified
period. By default, this is 20 minutes.

If you want to set a timeout interval that is shorter or longer than the default, you can set the
Timeout property.

The example below sets a timeout interval of 5 minutes:

<%
Session.Timeout=5
%>

To end a session immediately, you may use the Abandon method:

<%
Session.Abandon
%>

Note: The main problem with sessions is WHEN they should end. We do not know if the user's last
request was the final one or not. So we do not know how long we should keep the session "alive".
Waiting too long for an idle session uses up resources on the server, but if the session is deleted too
soon the user has to start all over again because the server has deleted all the information. Finding
the right timeout interval can be difficult!

Tip: If you are using session variables, store SMALL amounts of data in them.

Store and Retrieve Session Variables

The most important thing about the Session object is that you can store variables in it.

The example below will set the Session variable username to "Donald Duck" and the Session
variable age to "50":

<%
Session("username")="Donald Duck"
Session("age")=50
%>
When the value is stored in a session variable it can be reached from ANY page in the ASP
application:

Welcome <%Response.Write(Session("username"))%>

The line above returns: "Welcome Donald Duck".

You can also store user preferences in the Session object, and then access that preference to
choose what page to return to the user.

The example below specifies a text-only version of the page if the user has a low screen resolution:

<%If Session("screenres")="low" Then%>

This is the text version of the page
<%Else%>
This is the multimedia version of the page
<%End If%>

Remove Session Variables

The Contents collection contains all session variables.

It is possible to remove a session variable with the Remove method.

The example below removes the session variable "sale" if the value of the session variable "age" is
lower than 18:

<%
If Session.Contents("age")<18 then
Session.Contents.Remove("sale")
End If
%>

To remove all variables in a session, use the RemoveAll method:

<%
Session.Contents.RemoveAll()
%>

Loop Through the Contents Collection

The Contents collection contains all session variables. You can loop through the Contents collection,
to see what's stored in it:

<%
Session("username")="Donald Duck"
Session("age")=50
dim i
For Each i in Session.Contents
Response.Write(i & "<br />")
Next
%>

Result:

username
age

If you do not know the number of items in the Contents collection, you can use the Count property:

<%
dim i
dim j
j=Session.Contents.Count
Response.Write("Session variables: " & j)
For i=1 to j
Response.Write(Session.Contents(i) & "<br />")
Next
%>

Result:

Session variables: 2
Donald Duck
50

Loop Through the StaticObjects Collection

You can loop through the StaticObjects collection, to see the values of all objects stored in the
Session object:

<%
dim i
For Each i in Session.StaticObjects
Response.Write(i & "<br />")
Next
%>

ASP Application Object

A group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called an application.
The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together.

Application Object

An application on the Web may be a group of ASP files. The ASP files work together to perform
some purpose. The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together.
The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like the Session
object. The difference is that ALL users share one Application object, while with Sessions there is
one Session object for EACH user.

The Application object should hold information that will be used by many pages in the application
(like database connection information). This means that you can access the information from any
page. It also means that you can change the information in one place and the changes will
automatically be reflected on all pages.

Store and Retrieve Application Variables

Application variables can be accessed and changed by any page in the application.

You can create Application variables in "Global.asa" like this:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

Sub Application_OnStart
application("vartime")=""
application("users")=1
End Sub

</script>

In the example above we have created two Application variables: "vartime" and "users".

You can access the value of an Application variable like this:

There are
<%
Response.Write(Application("users"))
%>
active connections.

Loop Through the Contents Collection

The Contents collection contains all application variables. You can loop through the Contents
collection, to see what's stored in it:

<%
dim i
For Each i in Application.Contents
Response.Write(i & "<br />")
Next
%>

If you do not know the number of items in the Contents collection, you can use the Count property:

<%
dim i
dim j
j=Application.Contents.Count
For i=1 to j
Response.Write(Application.Contents(i) & "<br />")
Next
%>

Loop Through the StaticObjects Collection

You can loop through the StaticObjects collection, to see the values of all objects stored in the
Application object:

<%
dim i
For Each i in Application.StaticObjects
Response.Write(i & "<br />")
Next
%>

Lock and Unlock

You can lock an application with the "Lock" method. When an application is locked, the users cannot
change the Application variables (other than the one currently accessing it). You can unlock an
application with the "Unlock" method. This method removes the lock from the Application variable:

<%
Application.Lock
'do some application object operations
Application.Unlock
%>

ASP Including Files

The #include directive is used to create functions, headers, footers, or elements that will
be reused on multiple pages.

The #include Directive

You can insert the content of one ASP file into another ASP file before the server executes it, with
the #include directive. The #include directive is used to create functions, headers, footers, or
elements that will be reused on multiple pages.

How to Use the #include Directive

Here is a file called "mypage.asp":

<html>
<body>
<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>
<p></p>
<h3>The time is:</h3>
<p></p>
</body>
</html>

Here is the "wisdom.inc" file:

"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,

the number of entities required to explain anything."

Here is the "time.inc" file:

<%
Response.Write(Time)
%>

If you look at the source code in a browser, it will look something like this:

<html>
<body>
<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>
<p>"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,
the number of entities required to explain anything."</p>
<h3>The time is:</h3>
<p>11:33:42 AM</p>
</body>
</html>

Syntax for Including Files

To include a file in an ASP page, place the #include directive inside comment tags:

or

The Virtual Keyword

Use the virtual keyword to indicate a path beginning with a virtual directory.

If a file named "header.inc" resides in a virtual directory named /html, the following line would
insert the contents of "header.inc":

The File Keyword

Use the file keyword to indicate a relative path. A relative path begins with the directory that
contains the including file.

If you have a file in the html directory, and the file "header.inc" resides in html\headers, the
following line would insert "header.inc" in your file:

Note that the path to the included file (headers\header.inc) is relative to the including file. If the file
containing this #include statement is not in the html directory, the statement will not work.

You can also use the file keyword with the syntax (..\) to include a file from a higher-level directory.

Tips and Notes

In the sections above we have used the file extension ".inc" for included files. Notice that if a user
tries to browse an INC file directly, its content will be displayed. If your included file contains
confidential information or information you do not want any users to see, it is better to use an ASP
extension. The source code in an ASP file will not be visible after the interpretation. An included file
can also include other files, and one ASP file can include the same file more than once.

Important: Included files are processed and inserted before the scripts are executed.

The following script will not work because ASP executes the #include directive before it assigns a
value to the variable:

<%
fname="header.inc"
%>

You cannot open or close a script delimiter in an INC file. This script will not work:

<%
For i = 1 To n

Next
%>

But this script will work:

<% For i = 1 to n %>

<% Next %>

ASP The Global.asa file

The Global.asa file is an optional file that can contain declarations of objects, variables,
and methods that can be accessed by every page in an ASP application.

The Global.asa file

The Global.asa file is an optional file that can contain declarations of objects, variables, and
methods that can be accessed by every page in an ASP application. All valid browser scripts
(JavaScript, VBScript, JScript, PerlScript, etc.) can be used within Global.asa.

The Global.asa file can contain only the following:

• Application events
• Session events
• <object> declarations
• TypeLibrary declarations
• the #include directive

Note: The Global.asa file must be stored in the root directory of the ASP application, and each
application can only have one Global.asa file.

Events in Global.asa

In Global.asa you can tell the application and session objects what to do when the
application/session starts and what to do when the application/session ends. The code for this is
placed in event handlers. The Global.asa file can contain four types of events:

Application_OnStart - This event occurs when the FIRST user calls the first page from an ASP
application. This event occurs after the Web server is restarted or after the Global.asa file is edited.
The "Session_OnStart" event occurs immediately after this event.

Session_OnStart - This event occurs EVERY time a NEW user requests his or her first page in the
ASP application.

Session_OnEnd - This event occurs EVERY time a user ends a session. A user ends a session after
a page has not been requested by the user for a specified time (by default this is 20 minutes).

Application_OnEnd - This event occurs after the LAST user has ended the session. Typically, this
event occurs when a Web server stops. This procedure is used to clean up settings after the
Application stops, like delete records or write information to text files.

A Global.asa file could look something like this:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Application_OnStart
''''some code
end sub
sub Application_OnEnd
''''some code
end sub
sub Session_OnStart
''''some code
end sub
sub Session_OnEnd
''''some code
end sub
</script>

Note: We cannot use the ASP script delimiters (<% and %>) to insert scripts in the Global.asa file,
we will have to put the subroutines inside the HTML <script> tag.
<object> Declarations

It is possible to create objects with session or application scope in Global.asa by using the <object>
tag.

Note: The <object> tag should be outside the <script> tag!

Syntax

<object runat="server" scope="scope" id="id"

{progid="progID"|classid="classID"}>
....
</object>

Parameter Description

scope Sets the scope of the object (either Session or Application)

id Specifies a unique id for the object

ProgID An id associated with a class id. The format for ProgID is

[Vendor.]Component[.Version]

Either ProgID or ClassID must be specified.

ClassID Specifies a unique id for a COM class object.

Either ProgID or ClassID must be specified.

Examples

The first example creates an object of session scope named "MyAd" by using the ProgID parameter:

<object runat="server" scope="session" id="MyAd"

progid="MSWC.AdRotator">
</object>

The second example creates an object of application scope named "MyConnection" by using the
ClassID parameter:

<object runat="server" scope="application" id="MyConnection"

classid="Clsid:8AD3067A-B3FC-11CF-A560-00A0C9081C21">
</object>

The objects declared in the Global.asa file can be used by any script in the application:

GLOBAL.ASA:

<object runat="server" scope="session" id="MyAd"

progid="MSWC.AdRotator">
</object>
You could reference the object "MyAd" from any page in the ASP application:

SOME .ASP FILE:

<%=MyAd.GetAdvertisement("/banners/adrot.txt")%>

TypeLibrary Declarations

A TypeLibrary is a container for the contents of a DLL file corresponding to a COM object. By
including a call to the TypeLibrary in the Global.asa file, the constants of the COM object can be
accessed, and errors can be better reported by the ASP code. If your Web application relies on COM
objects that have declared data types in type libraries, you can declare the type libraries in
Global.asa.

Syntax

Parameter Description

file Specifies an absolute path to a type library.

Either the file parameter or the uuid parameter is required

uuid Specifies a unique identifier for the type library.

Either the file parameter or the uuid parameter is required

version Optional. Used for selecting version. If the requested version is not found, then
the most recent version is used

localeid Optional. The locale identifier to be used for the type library

Error Values

The server can return one of the following error messages:

Error Code Description

ASP 0222 Invalid type library specification

ASP 0223 Type library not found

ASP 0224 Type library cannot be loaded

ASP 0225 Type library cannot be wrapped

Note: METADATA tags can appear anywhere in the Global.asa file (both inside and outside <script>
tags). However, it is recommended that METADATA tags appear near the top of the Global.asa file.
Restrictions

Restrictions on what you can include in the Global.asa file:

• You can not display text that is written in the Global.asa file. This file can't display
information
• You can only use Server and Application objects in the Application_OnStart and
Application_OnEnd subroutines. In the Session_OnEnd subroutine, you can use Server,
Application, and Session objects. In the Session_OnStart subroutine you can use any built-
in object

How to use the Subroutines

Global.asa is often used to initialize variables.

The example below shows how to detect the exact time a visitor first arrives on a Web site. The
time is stored in a Session variable named "started", and the value of the "started" variable can be
accessed from any ASP page in the application:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Session_OnStart
Session("started")=now()
end sub
</script>

Global.asa can also be used to control page access.

The example below shows how to redirect every new visitor to another page, in this case to a page
called "newpage.asp":

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Session_OnStart
Response.Redirect("newpage.asp")
end sub
</script>

And you can include functions in the Global.asa file.

In the example below the Application_OnStart subroutine occurs when the Web server starts. Then
the Application_OnStart subroutine calls another subroutine named "getcustomers". The
"getcustomers" subroutine opens a database and retrieves a record set from the "customers" table.
The record set is assigned to an array, where it can be accessed from any ASP page without
querying the database:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Application_OnStart
getcustomers
end sub
sub getcustomers
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs=conn.execute("select name from customers")
Application("customers")=rs.GetRows
rs.Close
conn.Close
end sub
</script>

Global.asa Example

In this example we will create a Global.asa file that counts the number of current visitors.

• The Application_OnStart sets the Application variable "visitors" to 0 when the server starts
• The Session_OnStart subroutine adds one to the variable "visitors" every time a new visitor
arrives
• The Session_OnEnd subroutine subtracts one from "visitors" each time this subroutine is
triggered

The Global.asa file:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

Sub Application_OnStart
Application("visitors")=0
End Sub
Sub Session_OnStart
Application.Lock
Application("visitors")=Application("visitors")+1
Application.UnLock
End Sub
Sub Session_OnEnd
Application.Lock
Application("visitors")=Application("visitors")-1
Application.UnLock
End Sub
</script>

To display the number of current visitors in an ASP file:

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p>
There are <%response.write(Application("visitors"))%>
online now!
</p>
</body>
</html>

ASP Sending e-mail with CDO

CDO is a built-in component in ASP. This component is used to send e-mails with ASP.
Sending e-mail with CDO

CDO (Collaboration Data Objects) is a Microsoft technology that is designed to simplify the creation
of messaging applications.

CDO is a built-in component in ASP. We will show you how to use this component to send e-mail
with ASP.

How about CDONTs?

Microsoft has discontinued the use of CDONTs on Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows 2003. If
you have used CDONTs in your ASP applications, you should update the code and use the new CDO
technology.

Examples using CDO

Sending a text e-mail:

<%
Set myMail=CreateObject("CDO.Message")
myMail.Subject="Sending email with CDO"
myMail.From="[email protected]"
myMail.To="[email protected]"
myMail.TextBody="This is a message."
myMail.Send
%>

Sending a text e-mail with Bcc and CC fields:

<%
Set myMail=CreateObject("CDO.Message")
myMail.Subject="Sending email with CDO"
myMail.From="[email protected]"
myMail.To="[email protected]"
myMail.Bcc="[email protected]"
myMail.Cc="[email protected]"
myMail.TextBody="This is a message."
myMail.Send
%>

Sending an HTML e-mail:

<%
Set myMail=CreateObject("CDO.Message")
myMail.Subject="Sending email with CDO"
myMail.From="[email protected]"
myMail.To="[email protected]"
myMail.HTMLBody = "<h1>This is a message.</h1>"
myMail.Send
%>

Sending an HTML e-mail that sends a webpage from a website:

<%
Set myMail=CreateObject("CDO.Message")
myMail.Subject="Sending email with CDO"
myMail.From="[email protected]"
myMail.To="[email protected]"
myMail.CreateMHTMLBody "http://www.w3schools.com/asp/"
myMail.Send
%>

Sending an HTML e-mail that sends a webpage from a file on your computer:

Sending a text e-mail with an Attachment:

Sending a text e-mail using a remote server:

<%
Set myMail=CreateObject("CDO.Message")
myMail.Subject="Sending email with CDO"
myMail.From="[email protected]"
myMail.To="[email protected]"
myMail.TextBody="This is a message."
myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing")=2
'Name or IP of remote SMTP server
myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver") _
="smtp.server.com"
'Server port
myMail.Configuration.Fields.Item _
("http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport") _
=25
myMail.Configuration.Fields.Update
myMail.Send
%>
ASP Response Object

The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server.

Examples

Write text with ASP

This example demonstrates how to write text with ASP.

Format text with HTML tags in ASP

This example demonstrates how to combine text and HTML tags with ASP.

Redirect the user to a different URL

This example demonstrates how to redirect the user to a different URL.

Show a random link

This example demonstrates a link, each time you load the page, it will display one of two links:
W3Schools.com! OR Refsnesdata.no! There is a 50% chance for each of them.

Controlling the buffer

This example demonstrates how you can control the buffer.

Clear the buffer

This example demonstrates how you can clear the buffer.

End a script in the middle of processing and return the result

This example demonstrates how to end a script in the middle of processing.

Set how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires
This example demonstrates how to specify how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser
before it expires.

Set a date/time when a page cached in a browser will expire

This example demonstrates how to specify a date/time a page cached in a browser will expire.

Check if the user is still connected to the server

This example demonstrates how to check if a user is disconnected from the server.

Set the type of content

This example demonstrates how to specify the type of content.

Set the name of the character set

This example demonstrates how to specify the name of the character set.

Response Object

The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server. Its collections,
properties, and methods are described below:

Collections
Collection Description

Cookies Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created, and take
the value that is specified

Properties

Property Description

Buffer Specifies whether to buffer the page output or not

CacheControl Sets whether a proxy server can cache the output generated by ASP or not

Charset Appends the name of a character-set to the content-type header in the

Response object

ContentType Sets the HTTP content type for the Response object

Expires Sets how long (in minutes) a page will be cached on a browser before it
expires

ExpiresAbsolute Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser will expire

IsClientConnected Indicates if the client has disconnected from the server

Pics Appends a value to the PICS label response header

Status Specifies the value of the status line returned by the server

Methods

Method Description

AddHeader Adds a new HTTP header and a value to the HTTP response

AppendToLog Adds a string to the end of the server log entry

BinaryWrite Writes data directly to the output without any character conversion

Clear Clears any buffered HTML output

End Stops processing a script, and returns the current result

Flush Sends buffered HTML output immediately

Redirect Redirects the user to a different URL

Write Writes a specified string to the output

ASP Application Object

A group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called an application.
The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together.

Application Object

The Application object's collections, methods, and events are described below:

Collections

Collection Description

Contents Contains all the items appended to the application through a script
command

StaticObjects Contains all the objects appended to the application with the HTML
<object> tag

Methods

Method Description

Contents.Remove Deletes an item from the Contents collection

Contents.RemoveAll() Deletes all items from the Contents collection

Lock Prevents other users from modifying the variables in the Application
object

Unlock Enables other users to modify the variables in the Application object
(after it has been locked using the Lock method)

Events

Event Description

Application_OnEnd Occurs when all user sessions are over, and the application ends

Application_OnStart Occurs before the first new session is created (when the Application
object is first referenced)

ASP Session Object

Examples

Set and return the LCID

This example demonstrates the "LCID" property. This property sets or returns an integer that
specifies a location or region. Contents like date, time, and currency will be displayed according to
that location or region.

Return the SessionID

This example demonstrates the "SessionID" property. This property returns a unique id for each
user. The id is generated by the server.

A session's timeout
This example demonstrates the "Timeout" property. This example sets and returns the timeout (in
minutes) for the session.

Session Object

ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sent to the client
and it contains information that identifies the user. This interface is called the Session object.

The Session object's collections, properties, methods, and events are described below:

Collections

Collection Description

Contents Contains all the items appended to the session through a script
command

StaticObjects Contains all the objects appended to the session with the HTML
<object> tag

Properties

Property Description

CodePage Specifies the character set that will be used when displaying
dynamic content

LCID Sets or returns an integer that specifies a location or region.

Contents like date, time, and currency will be displayed according to
that location or region

SessionID Returns a unique id for each user. The unique id is generated by the
server

Timeout Sets or returns the timeout period (in minutes) for the Session
object in this application

Methods
Method Description

Abandon Destroys a user session

Contents.Remove Deletes an item from the Contents collection

Contents.RemoveAll() Deletes all items from the Contents collection

Events

Event Description

Session_OnEnd Occurs when a session ends

Session_OnStart Occurs when a session starts

ASP Server Object

The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server.

Examples

When was a file last modified?

Checks when this file was last modified.

Open a text file for reading

This example opens the file "Textfile.txt" for reading.

Homemade hit counter

This example reads a number from a file, adds 1 to the number, and writes the number back to the
file.

Server Object

The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server. Its properties and
methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description

ScriptTimeout Sets or returns the maximum number of seconds a script can run before it
is terminated

Methods

Method Description

CreateObject Creates an instance of an object

Execute Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP file

GetLastError() Returns an ASPError object that describes the error condition that occurred

HTMLEncode Applies HTML encoding to a specified string

MapPath Maps a specified path to a physical path

Transfer Sends (transfers) all the information created in one ASP file to a second
ASP file

URLEncode Applies URL encoding rules to a specified string

ASPError Object (ASP 3.0)

The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in
scripts in an ASP page.

The ASPError Object

The ASPError object is implemented in ASP 3.0 and it is only available in IIS5.

The ASP Error object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in scripts in an
ASP page. The ASPError object is created when Server.GetLastError is called, so the error
information can only be accessed by using the Server.GetLastError method.

The ASPError object's properties are described below (all properties are read-only):

Note: The properties below can only be accessed through the Server.GetLastError() method.

Properties

Property Description

ASPCode Returns an error code generated by IIS

ASPDescription Returns a detailed description of the error (if the error is ASP-related)

Category Returns the source of the error (was the error generated by ASP? By a
scripting language? By an object?)

Column Returns the column position within the file that generated the error

Description Returns a short description of the error

File Returns the name of the ASP file that generated the error

Line Returns the line number where the error was detected

Number Returns the standard COM error code for the error

Source Returns the actual source code of the line where the error occurred

ASP FileSystemObject Object

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on the server.
Examples

Does a specified file exist?

This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject Object, and then use the
FileExists method to check if the file exists.

Does a specified folder exist?

This example demonstrates how to use the FolderExists method to check if a folder exists.

Does a specified drive exist?

This example demonstrates how to use the DriveExists method to check if a drive exists.

Get the name of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the GetDriveName method to get the name of a specified
drive.

Get the name of the parent folder of a specified path

This example demonstrates how to use the GetParentFolderName method to get the name of the
parent folder of a specified path.

Get the file extension

This example demonstrates how to use the GetExtensionName method to get the file extension of
the last component in a specified path.

Get file name

This example demonstrates how to use the GetFileName method to get the file name of the last
component in a specified path.

Get the base name of a file or folder

This example demonstrates how to use the GetBaseName method to return the base name of the
file or folder, in a specified path.

The FileSystemObject Object

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on the server. This object can
manipulate files, folders, and directory paths. It is also possible to retrieve file system information
with this object.

The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file:

<%
dim fs,fname
set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
set fname=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true)
fname.WriteLine("Hello World!")
fname.Close
set fname=nothing
set fs=nothing
%>

The FileSystemObject object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties
Property Description

Drives Returns a collection of all Drive objects on the computer

Methods

Method Description

BuildPath Appends a name to an existing path

CopyFile Copies one or more files from one location to another

CopyFolder Copies one or more folders from one location to another

CreateFolder Creates a new folder

CreateTextFile Creates a text file and returns a TextStream object that can be used
to read from, or write to the file

DeleteFile Deletes one or more specified files

DeleteFolder Deletes one or more specified folders

DriveExists Checks if a specified drive exists

FileExists Checks if a specified file exists

FolderExists Checks if a specified folder exists

GetAbsolutePathName Returns the complete path from the root of the drive for the
specified path

GetBaseName Returns the base name of a specified file or folder

GetDrive Returns a Drive object corresponding to the drive in a specified path

GetDriveName Returns the drive name of a specified path

GetExtensionName Returns the file extension name for the last component in a specified
path

GetFile Returns a File object for a specified path

GetFileName Returns the file name or folder name for the last component in a
specified path

GetFolder Returns a Folder object for a specified path

GetParentFolderName Returns the name of the parent folder of the last component in a
specified path

GetSpecialFolder Returns the path to some of Windows' special folders

GetTempName Returns a randomly generated temporary file or folder

MoveFile Moves one or more files from one location to another

MoveFolder Moves one or more folders from one location to another

OpenTextFile Opens a file and returns a TextStream object that can be used to
access the file

ASP TextStream Object

The TextStream object is used to access the contents of a text file.

Examples

Read textfile
This example demonstrates how to use the OpenTextFile method of the FileSystemObject to create
a TextStream Object. The ReadAll method of the TextStream Object reads from the opened text
file.

Read only a part of a textfile

This example demonstrates how to only read a part of a TextStream file.

Read one line of a textfile

This example demonstrates how to read one line from a TextStream file.

Read all lines from a textfile

This example demonstrates how to read all the lines from a TextStream file.

Skip a part of a textfile

This example demonstrates how to skip a specified number of characters when reading the
TextStream file.

Skip a line of a textfile

This example demonstrates how to skip a line when reading the TextStream file.

Return line-number
This example demonstrates how to return the current line number in a TextStream file.

Get column number

This example demonstrates how to get the column number of the current character in a file.

The TextStream Object

The TextStream object is used to access the contents of text files.

The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file (the variable
f is an instance of the TextStream object):

<%
dim fs, f
set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
set f=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true)
f.WriteLine("Hello World!")
f.Close
set f=nothing
set fs=nothing
%>

To create an instance of the TextStream object you can use the CreateTextFile or OpenTextFile
methods of the FileSystemObject object, or you can use the OpenAsTextStream method of the File
object.

The TextStream object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description

AtEndOfLine Returns true if the file pointer is positioned immediately before the end-of-
line marker in a TextStream file, and false if not

AtEndOfStream Returns true if the file pointer is at the end of a TextStream file, and false if
not

Column Returns the column number of the current character position in an input
stream

Line Returns the current line number in a TextStream file

Methods

Method Description

Close Closes an open TextStream file

Read Reads a specified number of characters from a TextStream file and returns
the result

ReadAll Reads an entire TextStream file and returns the result

ReadLine Reads one line from a TextStream file and returns the result

Skip Skips a specified number of characters when reading a TextStream file

SkipLine Skips the next line when reading a TextStream file

Write Writes a specified text to a TextStream file

WriteLine Writes a specified text and a new-line character to a TextStream file

WriteBlankLines Writes a specified number of new-line character to a TextStream file

ASP Drive Object

The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a network share.

Examples

Get the available space of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject object, and then use the
AvailableSpace property to get the available space of a specified drive.

Get the free space of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the FreeSpace property to get the free space of a specified
drive.

Get the total size of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the TotalSize property to get the total size of a specified
drive.
Get the drive letter of a specified drive
This example demonstrates how to use the DriveLetter property to get the drive letter of a specified
drive.

Get the drive type of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the DriveType property to get the drive type of a specified
drive.

Get the file system of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the FileSystem property to get the file system of a specified
drive.

Is the drive ready?

This example demonstrates how to use the IsReady property to check whether a specified drive is
ready.

Get the path of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the Path property to get the path of a specified drive.

Get the root folder of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the RootFolder property to get the root folder of a specified
drive.

Get the serialnumber of a specified drive

This example demonstrates how to use the Serialnumber property to get the serialnumber of a
specified drive.

The Drive Object

The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a network share. The Drive
object can return information about a drive's type of file system, free space, serial number, volume
name, and more.

Note: You cannot return information about a drive's content with the Drive object. For this purpose
you will have to use the Folder object.

To work with the properties of the Drive object, you will have to create an instance of the Drive
object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and then
instantiate the Drive object through the GetDrive method or the Drives property of the
FileSystemObject object.

The following example uses the GetDrive method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the
Drive object and the TotalSize property to return the total size in bytes of the specified drive (c:):

<%
Dim fs,d
Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set d=fs.GetDrive("c:")
Response.Write("Drive " & d & ":")
Response.Write("Total size in bytes: " & d.TotalSize)
set d=nothing
set fs=nothing
%>
Output:

Drive c: Total size in bytes: 4293563392

The Drive object's properties are described below:

Properties

Property Description

AvailableSpace Returns the amount of available space to a user on a specified drive or

network share

DriveLetter Returns one uppercase letter that identifies the local drive or a network
share

DriveType Returns the type of a specified drive

FileSystem Returns the file system in use for a specified drive

FreeSpace Returns the amount of free space to a user on a specified drive or network
share

IsReady Returns true if the specified drive is ready and false if not

Path Returns an uppercase letter followed by a colon that indicates the path
name for a specified drive

RootFolder Returns a Folder object that represents the root folder of a specified drive

SerialNumber Returns the serial number of a specified drive

ShareName Returns the network share name for a specified drive

TotalSize Returns the total size of a specified drive or network share

VolumeName Sets or returns the volume name of a specified drive

ASP File Object

The File object is used to return information about a specified file.

Examples

When was the file created?

This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject object, and then use the
DateCreated property of the File object to get the date and time a specified file was created.

When was the file last modified?

This example demonstrates how to use the DateLastModified property to get the date and time a
specified file was last modified.

When was the file last accessed?

This example demonstrates how to use the DateLastAccessed property to get the date and time a
specified file was last accessed.
Return the attributes of a specified file
This example demonstrates how to use the Attributes property to return the attributes of a specified
file.

The File Object

The File object is used to return information about a specified file.

To work with the properties and methods of the File object, you will have to create an instance of
the File object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and
then instantiate the File object through the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object or
through the Files property of the Folder object.

The following code uses the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the File
object and the DateCreated property to return the date when the specified file was created:

<%
Dim fs,f
Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set f=fs.GetFile("c:\test.txt")
Response.Write("File created: " & f.DateCreated)
set f=nothing
set fs=nothing
%>

Output:

File created: 9/19/2001 10:01:19 AM

The File object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description

Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a specified file

DateCreated Returns the date and time when a specified file was created

DateLastAccessed Returns the date and time when a specified file was last accessed

DateLastModified Returns the date and time when a specified file was last modified

Drive Returns the drive letter of the drive where a specified file or folder
resides

Name Sets or returns the name of a specified file

ParentFolder Returns the folder object for the parent of the specified file

Path Returns the path for a specified file

ShortName Returns the short name of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)

ShortPath Returns the short path of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)

Size Returns the size, in bytes, of a specified file

Type Returns the type of a specified file

Methods

Method Description

Copy Copies a specified file from one location to another

Delete Deletes a specified file

Move Moves a specified file from one location to another

OpenAsTextStream Opens a specified file and returns a TextStream object to access the file

ASP Folder Object

The Folder Object is used to return information about a specified folder.

The Folder Object

The Folder object is used to return information about a specified folder.

To work with the properties and methods of the Folder object, you will have to create an instance of
the Folder object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and
then instantiate the Folder object through the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object.

The following code uses the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the
Folder object and the DateCreated property to return the date when the specified folder was
created:

<%
Dim fs,fo
Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set fo=fs.GetFolder("c:\test")
Response.Write("Folder created: " & fo.DateCreated)
set fo=nothing
set fs=nothing
%>

Output:

Folder created: 10/22/2001 10:01:19 AM

The Folder object's collections, properties, and methods are described below:

Collections

Collection Description

Files Returns a collection of all the files in a specified folder

SubFolders Returns a collection of all subfolders in a specified folder

Properties
Property Description

Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a specified folder

DateCreated Returns the date and time when a specified folder was created

DateLastAccessed Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last accessed

DateLastModified Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last modified

Drive Returns the drive letter of the drive where the specified folder resides

IsRootFolder Returns true if a folder is the root folder and false if not

Name Sets or returns the name of a specified folder

ParentFolder Returns the parent folder of a specified folder

Path Returns the path for a specified folder

ShortName Returns the short name of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)

ShortPath Returns the short path of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)

Size Returns the size of a specified folder

Type Returns the type of a specified folder

Methods

Method Description

Copy Copies a specified folder from one location to another

Delete Deletes a specified folder

Move Moves a specified folder from one location to another

CreateTextFile Creates a new text file in the specified folder and returns a TextStream
object to access the file

ASP Dictionary Object

The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs (referred to as key
and item)

Examples

Does a specified key exist?

This example demonstrates how to first create a Dictionary object, and then use the Exists method
to check if a specified key exists.

Return an array of all items

This example demonstrates how to use the Items method to return an array of all the items.

Return an array of all keys

This example demonstrates how to use the Keys method to return an array of all the keys.
Return the value of an item
This example demonstrates how to use the Item property to return the value of an item.

Set a key
This example demonstrates how to use the Key property to set a key in a Dictionary object.

Return the number of key/item pairs

This example demonstrates how to use the Count property to return the number of key/item pairs.

The Dictionary Object

The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs (referred to as key and item).
The Dictionary object might seem similar to Arrays, however, the Dictionary object is a more
desirable solution to manipulate related data.

Comparing Dictionaries and Arrays:

• Keys are used to identify the items in a Dictionary object

• You do not have to call ReDim to change the size of the Dictionary object
• When deleting an item from a Dictionary, the remaining items will automatically shift up
• Dictionaries cannot be multidimensional, Arrays can
• Dictionaries have more built-in functions than Arrays
• Dictionaries work better than arrays on accessing random elements frequently
• Dictionaries work better than arrays on locating items by their content

The following example creates a Dictionary object, adds some key/item pairs to it, and retrieves the
item value for the key gr:

<%
Dim d
Set d=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
d.Add "re","Red"
d.Add "gr","Green"
d.Add "bl","Blue"
d.Add "pi","Pink"
Response.Write("The value of key gr is: " & d.Item("gr"))
%>

Output:

The value of key gr is: Green

The Dictionary object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties

Property Description

CompareMode Sets or returns the comparison mode for comparing keys in a Dictionary object

Count Returns the number of key/item pairs in a Dictionary object

Item Sets or returns the value of an item in a Dictionary object

Key Sets a new key value for an existing key value in a Dictionary object

Methods

Method Description

Add Adds a new key/item pair to a Dictionary object

Exists Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified key exists in the
Dictionary object

Items Returns an array of all the items in a Dictionary object

Keys Returns an array of all the keys in a Dictionary object

Remove Removes one specified key/item pair from the Dictionary object

RemoveAll Removes all the key/item pairs in the Dictionary object

ASP AdRotator Component

Examples

Simple AdRotator Example

This example shows how to use the AdRotator component to display a different advertisement
image, each time a user visits or refreshes the page.

AdRotator - The Images are Hyperlinks

This example shows how to use the AdRotator component to display a different advertisement
image, each time a user visits or refreshes the page. In addition, the images are hyperlinks.

ASP AdRotator Component

The ASP AdRotator component creates an AdRotator object that displays a different image each
time a user enters or refreshes a page. A text file includes information about the images.

Syntax

<%
set adrotator=server.createobject("MSWC.AdRotator")
adrotator.GetAdvertisement("textfile.txt")
%>

Example

Assume we have a file called "banners.asp". It looks like this:

The file "ads.txt" looks like this:

*
w3schools.gif
http://www.w3schools.com/
Visit W3Schools
80
microsoft.gif
http://www.microsoft.com/
Visit Microsoft
20

The lines below the asterisk in the file "ads.txt" specifies the images to be displayed, the hyperlink
addresses, the alternate text (for the images), and the display rates in percent of the hits. We see
that the W3Schools image will be displayed for 80 % of the hits and the Microsoft image will be
displayed for 20 % of the hits in the text file above.

Note: To get the links to work when a user clicks on them, we will have to modify the file "ads.txt"
a bit:

REDIRECT banners.asp
*
w3schools.gif
http://www.w3schools.com/
Visit W3Schools
80
microsoft.gif
http://www.microsoft.com/
Visit Microsoft
20

The redirection page (banners.asp) will now receive a querystring with a variable named URL
containing the URL to redirect to.

Note: To specify the height, width, and border of the image, you can insert the following lines
under REDIRECT:

REDIRECT banners.asp
WIDTH 468
HEIGHT 60
BORDER 0
*
w3schools.gif
...
...

The last thing to do is to add some lines of code to the "banners.asp" file:
<%
url=Request.QueryString("url")
If url<>"" then Response.Redirect(url)
%>

That's all!!

Properties

Property Description Example

Border Specifies the size of the <%

borders around the set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")
advertisement adrot.Border="2"
Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))
%>

Clickable Specifies whether the <%

advertisement is a set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")
hyperlink adrot.Clickable=false
Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))
%>

TargetFrame Name of the frame to <%

display the set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")
advertisement adrot.TargetFrame="target='_blank'"
Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))
%>

Methods

Method Description Example

GetAdvertisement Returns HTML that <%

displays the set adrot=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.AdRotator")
advertisement in Response.Write(adrot.GetAdvertisement("ads.txt"))
the page %>

ASP Browser Capabilities Component

Examples
The Browser Capabilities Component
This example shows how to determine the type, capabilities and version number of each browser
visiting your site.

ASP Browser Capabilities Component

The ASP Browser Capabilities component creates a BrowserType object that determines the type,
capabilities and version number of each browser that visits your site.

When a browser connects to a server, an HTTP User Agent Header is also sent to the server. This
header contains information about the browser (like browser type and version number). The
BrowserType object then compares the information in the header with information in a file on the
server called "Browscap.ini".

If there is a match between the browser type and version number sent in the header and the
information in the "Browsercap.ini" file, you can use the BrowserType object to list the properties of
the matching browser. If there is no match for the browser type and version number in the
Browscap.ini file, it will set every property to "UNKNOWN".

Syntax

<%
Set MyBrow=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.BrowserType")
%>

The example below creates a BrowserType object in an ASP file, and displays a table showing some
of the capabilities of the current browser:

<html>
<body>
<%
Set MyBrow=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.BrowserType")
%>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<th>Client OS</th>
<th><%=MyBrow.platform%></th>
</tr><tr>
<td >Web Browser</td>
<td ><%=MyBrow.browser%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Browser version</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.version%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Frame support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.frames%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Table support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.tables%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Sound support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.backgroundsounds%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Cookies support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.cookies%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>VBScript support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.vbscript%></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>JavaScript support?</td>
<td><%=MyBrow.javascript%></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Client OS WinNT
Web Browser IE
Browser version 5.0
Frame support? True
Table support? True
Sound support? True
Cookies support? True
VBScript support? True
JavaScript support? True

The Browscap.ini File

The "Browsercap.ini" file is used to declare properties and to set default values for browsers.

This section is not a tutorial on how to maintain "Browsercap.ini" files, it only shows you the basics;
so you get an idea what a "Browsercap.ini" file is all about.

The "Browsercap.ini" file can contain the following:

[;comments]
[HTTPUserAgentHeader]
[parent=browserDefinition]
[property1=value1]
[propertyN=valueN]
[Default Browser Capability Settings]
[defaultProperty1=defaultValue1]
[defaultPropertyN=defaultValueN]

Parameter Description

comments Optional. Any line that starts with a semicolon are ignored by the
BrowserType object

HTTPUserAgentHeader Optional. Specifies the HTTP User Agent header to associate with the
browser-property value statements specified in propertyN. Wildcard
characters are allowed

browserDefinition Optional. Specifies the HTTP User Agent header-string of a browser to use as
the parent browser. The current browser's definition will inherit all of the
property values declared in the parent browser's definition
propertyN Optional. Specifies the browser properties. The following table lists some
possible properties:

• ActiveXControls - Support ActiveX® controls?

• Backgroundsounds - Support background sounds?
• Cdf - Support Channel Definition Format for Webcasting?
• Tables - Support tables?
• Cookies - Support cookies?
• Frames - Support frames?
• Javaapplets - Support Java applets?
• Javascript - Supports JScript?
• Vbscript - Supports VBScript?
• Browser - Specifies the name of the browser
• Beta - Is the browser beta software?
• Platform - Specifies the platform that the browser runs on

• Version - Specifies the version number of the browser

valueN Optional. Specifies the value of propertyN. Can be a string, an integer (prefix
with #), or a Boolean value

defaultPropertyN Optional. Specifies the name of the browser property to which to assign a
default value if none of the defined HTTPUserAgentHeader values match the
HTTP User Agent header sent by the browser

defaultValueN Optional. Specifies the value of defaultPropertyN. Can be a string, an integer

(prefix with #), or a Boolean value

A "Browsercap.ini" file might look something like this:

;IE 5.0
[IE 5.0]
browser=IE
Version=5.0
majorver=#5
minorver=#0
frames=TRUE
tables=TRUE
cookies=TRUE
backgroundsounds=TRUE
vbscript=TRUE
javascript=TRUE
javaapplets=TRUE
ActiveXControls=TRUE
beta=False
;DEFAULT BROWSER
[*]
browser=Default
frames=FALSE
tables=TRUE
cookies=FALSE
backgroundsounds=FALSE
vbscript=FALSE
javascript=FALSE
ASP Content Linking Component

Examples

The Content Linking Component

This example builds a table of contents.

The Content Linking Component 2

The example uses the Content Linking Component to navigate between the pages in a text file.

ASP Content Linking Component

The ASP Content Linking component is used to create a quick and easy navigation system!

The Content Linking component returns a Nextlink object that is used to hold a list of Web pages to
be navigated.

Syntax

<%
Set nl=Server.CreateObject( "MSWC.NextLink" )
%>

First we create a text file - "links.txt". This file contains the pages to be navigated. The pages must
be listed in the same order you want them to be displayed, and it also must contain a description
for each file name (use the tab key to separate file name from description). Note: If you want to
add a page to the list or change the order of the pages in the list; all you have to do is to modify
the text file! The navigation will automatically be correct!

"links.txt":

asp_intro.asp ASP Intro

asp_syntax.asp ASP Syntax
asp_variables.asp ASP Variables
asp_procedures.asp ASP Procedures

On each of the pages listed above, put one line of code: . This line
will include the code below on every page listed in "links.txt" and the navigation will work.

"nlcode.inc":

<%
'Use the Content Linking Component
'to navigate between the pages listed
'in links.txt
dim nl
Set nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
if (nl.GetListIndex("links.txt")>1) then
Response.Write("<a href='" & nl.GetPreviousURL("links.txt"))
Response.Write("'>Previous Page</a>")
end if
Response.Write("<a href='" & nl.GetNextURL("links.txt"))
Response.Write("'>Next Page</a>")
%>

The ASP Content Linking Component's methods are described below:

Methods

Method Description Example

GetListCount Returns the number of items <%

listed in the Content Linking dim nl,c
List file Set
nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
c=nl.GetListCount("links.txt")
Response.Write("There are ")
Response.Write(c)
Response.Write(" items in the list")
%>

Output:

There are 4 items in the list

GetListIndex Returns the index number of <%

the current item in the dim nl,c
Content Linking List file. The Set
index number of the first item nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
is 1. 0 is returned if the c=nl.GetListIndex("links.txt")
current page is not in the Response.Write("Item number ")
Content Linking List file Response.Write(c)
%>

Output:

Item number 3

GetNextDescription Returns the text description of <%

the next item listed in the dim nl,c
Content Linking List file. If the Set
current page is not found in nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
the list file it returns the text c=nl.GetNextDescription("links.txt")
description of the last page on Response.Write("Next ")
the list Response.Write("description is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>

Next description is: ASP Variables

GetNextURL Returns the URL of the next <%

item listed in the Content dim nl,c
Linking List file. If the current Set
page is not found in the list nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
file it returns the URL of the c=nl.GetNextURL("links.txt")
last page on the list Response.Write("Next ")
Response.Write("URL is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>
Next URL is: asp_variables.asp

GetNthDescription Returns the description of the <%

Nth page listed in the Content dim nl,c
Linking List file Set
nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
c=nl.GetNthDescription("links.txt",3)
Response.Write("Third ")
Response.Write("description is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>

Third description is: ASP Variables

GetNthURL Returns the URL of the Nth <%

page listed in the Content dim nl,c
Linking List file Set
nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
c=nl.GetNthURL("links.txt",3)
Response.Write("Third ")
Response.Write("URL is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>

Third URL is: asp_variables.asp

GetPreviousDescription Returns the text description of <%

the previous item listed in the dim nl,c
Content Linking List file. If the Set
current page is not found in nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
the list file it returns the text c=nl.GetPreviousDescription("links.txt")
description of the first page Response.Write("Previous ")
on the list Response.Write("description is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>

Previous description is: ASP Variables

GetPreviousURL Returns the URL of the <%

previous item listed in the dim nl,c
Content Linking List file. If the Set
current page is not found in nl=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.NextLink")
the list file it returns the URL c=nl.GetPreviousURL("links.txt")
of the first page on the list Response.Write("Previous ")
Response.Write("URL is: ")
Response.Write(c)
%>

Previous URL is: asp_variables.asp

ASP Content Rotator (ASP 3.0)

Examples
The Content Rotator Component
This component displays a different HTML content string each time a user visits or refreshes the
page.

ASP Content Rotator Component

The ASP Content Rotator component creates a ContentRotator object that displays a different HTML
content string each time a user enters or refreshes a page. A text file, called the Content Schedule
File, includes the information about the content strings.

The content strings can contain HTML tags so you can display any type of content that HTML can
represent: text, images, colors, or hyperlinks.

Syntax

<%
Set cr=Server.CreateObject( "MSWC.ContentRotator" )
%>

The following example displays a different content each time a user views the Web page. Create a
text file named "textads.txt" in your default Web Site folder, in a subfolder called text.

"textads.txt":

%% #1
This is a great day!!

%% #2
<h1>Smile</h1>

%% #3
<img src="smiley.gif">

%% #4
Here's a <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">link.</a>

Notice the #number at the beginning of each content string. This number is an optional parameter
that indicates the relative weight of the HTML content string. In this example, the Content Rotator
will display the first content string one-tenth of the time, the second string two-tenths of the time,
the third string three-tenths of the time, and the fourth string four-tenths of the time.

Then, create an ASP file, and insert the following code:

<%
set cr=server.createobject("MSWC.ContentRotator")
response.write(cr.ChooseContent("text/textads.txt"))
%>

</body>
</html>
The ASP Content Rotator Component's methods are described below:

Methods

Method Description Example

ChooseContent Gets and displays a content <%

string dim cr
Set cr=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.ContentRotator")

response.write(cr.ChooseContent("text/textads.txt"))
%>

Output:

GetAllContent Retrieves and displays all of <%

the content strings in the dim cr
text file Set cr=Server.CreateObject("MSWC.ContentRotator")

response.write(cr.GetAllContent("text/textads.txt"))
%>

Output:

This is a great day!!

Smile

Here's a link.

ASP Quick Reference

ASP Quick Reference from W3Schools. Print it, and fold it in your pocket.

Basic Syntax

ASP scripts are surrounded by <% and %>. To write some output to a browser:
<html>
<body>
<% response.write("Hello World!") %>
</body>
</html>

The default language in ASP is VBScript. To use another scripting language, insert a language
specification at the top of the ASP page:

<%@ language="javascript" %>

<%
....
%>

Forms and User Input

Request.QueryString is used to collect values in a form with method="get". Information sent from a
form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the browser's address bar)
and has limits on the amount of information to send.

Request.Form is used to collect values in a form with method="post". Information sent from a form
with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.

ASP Cookies

A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the
user's computer. Each time the same computer requests for a page with a browser, it will send the
cookie too.

The Response.Cookies command is used to create cookies:

<%
Response.Cookies("firstname")="Alex"
Response.Cookies("firstname").Expires="May 10,2002"
%>

Note: The Response.Cookies command must appear BEFORE the <html> tag!

The "Request.Cookies" command is used to retrieve a cookie value:

<%
fname=Request.Cookies("firstname")
response.write("Firstname=" & fname)
%>

Including Files

Syntax:

or

Use the virtual keyword to indicate a path beginning with a virtual directory. If a file named
"header.inc" resides in a virtual directory named /html, the following line would insert the contents
of "header.inc":

Use the file keyword to indicate a relative path. A relative path begins with the directory that
contains the including file. If you have a file in the html directory, and the file "header.inc" resides
in html\headers, the following line would insert "header.inc" in your file:

Use the file keyword with the syntax (..\) to include a file from a higher-level directory.

Global.asa

The Global.asa file is an optional file that can contain declarations of objects, variables, and
methods that can be accessed by every page in an ASP application.

Note: The Global.asa file must be stored in the root directory of the ASP application, and each
application can only have one Global.asa file.

The Global.asa file can contain only the following:

• Application events
• Session events
• <object> declarations
• TypeLibrary declarations
• the #include directive

Application and Session Events

In Global.asa you can tell the application and session objects what to do when the
application/session starts and what to do when the application/session ends. The code for this is
placed in event handlers. Note: We do not use <% and %>, to insert scripts in the Global.asa file,
we have to put the subroutines inside the HTML <script> tag:

<script language="vbscript" runat="server">

sub Application_OnStart
' some code
end sub
sub Application_OnEnd
' some code
end sub
sub Session_OnStart
' some code
end sub
sub Session_OnEnd
' some code
end sub
</script>
<object> Declarations

It is also possible to create objects with session or application scope in Global.asa by using the
<object> tag. Note: The <object> tag should be outside the <script> tag!

Syntax:

<object runat="server" scope="scope" id="id"

{progid="progID"|classid="classID"}>
.......
</object>

TypeLibrary Declarations

Syntax:

The Session Object

Collections

• Contents - Holds every item added to the session with script commands
• StaticObjects - Holds every object added to the session with the <object> tag, and a given
session
• Contents.Remove(item/index) - Deletes an item from the Contents collection
• Contents.RemoveAll() - Deletes every item from the Contents collection

Properties

• CodePage - Sets the code page that will be used to display dynamic content
• LCID - Sets the locale identifier that will be used to display dynamic content
• SessionID - Returns the session id
• Timeout - Sets the timeout for the session

Method

• Abandon - Kills every object in a session object

Application Object
A group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called an application.
The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together. All users share one
Application object. The Application object should hold information that will be used by
many pages in the application (like database connection information).

Collections

• Contents - Holds every item added to the application with script commands
• StaticObjects - Holds every object added to the application with the <object> tag
• Contents.Remove - Deletes an item from a collection
• Contents.RemoveAll - Deletes every item from a collection

Methods

• Lock - Prevents a user from changing the application object properties

• Unlock - Allows a user to change the application object properties

The Response Object

The Response Object is used to send output to the user from the server.

Collection

• Cookies(name) - Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created, and
take the value that is specified

Properties

• Buffer - Whether to buffer the output or not. When the output is buffered, the server will
hold back the response until all of the server scripts have been processed, or until the script
calls the Flush or End method. If this property is set, it should be before the <html> tag in
the ASP file
• CacheControl - Sets whether proxy servers can cache the output or not. When set to Public,
the output can be cached by a proxy server
• Charset(charset_name) - Sets the name of the character set (like "ISO8859-1") to the
content type header
• ContentType - Sets the HTTP content type (like "text/html", "image/gif", "image/jpeg",
"text/plain"). Default is "text/html"
• Expires - Sets how long a page will be cached on a browser before it expires
• ExpiresAbsolute - Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser will expire
• IsClientConnected - Checks if the client is still connected to the server
• Pics(pics_label) - Adds a value to the pics label response header
• Status - Specifies the value of the status line

Methods

• AddHeader(name, value) - Adds an HTML header with a specified value

• AppendToLog string - Adds a string to the end of the server log entry
• BinaryWrite(data_to_write) - Writes the given information without any character-set
conversion
• Clear - Clears the buffered output. Use this method to handle errors. If Response.Buffer is
not set to true, this method will cause a run-time error
• End - Stops processing the script, and return the current result
• Flush - Sends buffered output immediately. If Response.Buffer is not set to true, this
method will cause a run-time error
• Redirect(url) - Redirects the user to another url
• Write(data_to_write) - Writes a text to the user

Request Object

When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The Request Object is used to
get information from the user.

Collection

• ClientCertificate - Holds field values stored in the client certificate

• Cookies(name) - Holds cookie values
• Form(element_name) - Holds form (input) values. The form must use the post method
• QueryString(variable_name) - Holds variable values in the query string
• ServerVariables(server_variable) - Holds server variable values

Property

• TotalBytes - Holds the total number of bytes the client is sending in the body of the request

Method

• BinaryRead - Fetches the data that is sent to the server from the client as part of a post
request

Server Object

The Server Object is used to access properties and methods on the server.

Property

• ScriptTimeout - Sets how long a script can run before it is terminated

Method

• CreateObject(type_of_object) - Creates an instance of an object

• Execute(path) - Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP file. After executing the called
ASP file, the control is returned to the original ASP file
• GetLastError() - Returns an ASPError object that will describe the error that occurred
• HTMLEncode(string) - Applies HTML encoding to a string
• MapPath(path) - Maps a relative or virtual path to a physical path
• Transfer(path) - Sends all of the state information to another ASP file for processing. After
the transfer, procedural control is not returned to the original ASP file
• URLEncode(string) - Applies URL encoding rules to a string

Source : http://www.w3schools.com/asp/asp_quickref.asp

ASP Examples
Basic

Write text using ASP

Format text with HTML tags

Variables

Create a variable
Create an array
Looping through HTML headers
Time-based greeting using VBScript
Time-based greeting using JavaScript

Date/Time Functions (VBScript)

Date and time

Get the name of a day
Get the name of a month
Get todays' day and month
Countdown to year 3000
Calculate a day x days from today
Format date and time
Is this a date?

Some Other Functions (VBScript)

Uppercase or lowercase a string

Trim a string
How to reverse a string?
How to round a number?
A random number
Return a specified number of characters from left/right of a string
Replace some characters in a string
Return a specified number of characters from a string

Procedures

Call a procedure using VBScript in ASP

Call a procedure using JavaScript in ASP
Call a JavaScript procedure and a VBScript procedure using VBScript in ASP

Forms

Interact with a user in a form that uses the "get" method

Interact with a user in a form that uses the "post" method
Interact with a user in a form with radio buttons

Create a welcome cookie

Response Object

Write text using ASP

Format text with HTML tags
Redirect the user to another URL
Random links
Controlling the buffer
Clear the buffer
End a script in the middle of processing
Set how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires
Set a date/time when a page cached in a browser will expire
Check if the user is still connected
Set the type of content
Set the name of character set

Request Object

Session Object

Return session id number for a user

Get a session's timeout

Server Object

When was a file last modified?

Open a textfile for reading
Home made hit counter

FileSystem Object

Does a specified file exist?

Does a specified folder exist?
Does a specified drive exist?
Get the name of a specified drive
Get the name of the parent folder of a specified path
Get the file extension
Get the base name of a file or folder

TextStream Object

Read textfile
Read only a part of a textfile
Read one line of a textfile
Read all lines from a textfile
Skip a part of a textfile
Skip a line of a textfile
Return current line-number in a text file
Get column number of the current character in a text file

Drive Object
Get the available space of a specified drive
Get the free space of a specified drive
Get the total size of a specified drive
Get the drive letter of a specified drive
Get the drive type of a specified drive
Get the file system of a specified drive
Is the drive ready?
Get the path of a specified drive
Get the root folder of a specified drive
Get the serialnumber of a specified drive

File Object

When was the file created?

When was the file last modified?
When was the file last accessed?
Return the attributes of a specified file

Dictionary Object

Does a specified key exist?

Return an array of all items
Return an array of all keys
Return the value of an item
Set a key
Return the number of key/item pairs

AdRotator

Display a different image each time a user visits a page

Display a different image each time a user visits a page + the images are links

Browser Capabilities

Find the type, capabilities, and version of each browser that visits your site

ContentRotator

Display a different content each time a user visits a page (ASP 3.0)

Content Linking

Build a table of contents

Navigate between pages in a text file
Introduction to ADO

What is ADO?

• ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects

• With ADO you can access and manipulate data in a database
• You can move data from a server to a client, manipulate the data, and return updates to
the server, with ADO's Remote Data Service (RDS)
• ADO and RDS are automatically installed with Microsoft IIS

Where to go next?

If you want to study more ADO, read our ADO tutorial.

ADO Tutorial

ADO Tutorial
In our ADO tutorial you will learn about ADO, and how to use ADO to access
databases from your Web.

Start learning ADO!

ADO References

At W3Schools you will find complete ADO references about built-in objects, and their properties and
methods.

ADO Object References

ADO Examples

Learn by examples! Because ASP scripts are executed on the server, you can not view ASP code in a
browser, you will only see the output from ASP which is plain HTML. At W3Schools every example
displays the hidden ASP code. This will make it easier for you to understand how it works.

ADO Examples!

Exam - Get Your Diploma!

W3Schools' Online Certification Program is the perfect solution for busy professionals who need to
balance work, family, and career building.

The ASP Developer Certificate is for developers who want to document their knowledge of ASP, SQL,
and ADO.

ASP Developer Certificate!

Table of Contents
ADO Introduction
This chapter explains what ADO is, and how it can be used.

ADO Database Connection

This chapter explains how to connect to a database using ADO.

ADO Recordset
This chapter explains how to access an ADO Recordset.

ADO Display
This chapter explains the most common way to display data from an ADO Recordset.

ADO Query
This chapter explains how to use SQL to filter an ADO Recordset.

ADO Sort
This chapter explains how to use SQL to sort an ADO Recordset.

ADO Add
This chapter explains how to use the SQL INSERT INTO command to add a record to a table in a
database.

ADO Update
This chapter explains how to use the SQL UPDATE command to update a record in a table in a
database.

ADO Delete
This chapter explains how to use the SQL DELETE command to update a record in a table in a
database.

ADO Demonstration
This chapter demonstrates how ADO can be used.

ADO Object References

ADO Command object

The Command object is used to execute a query against a data source. The query can perform
actions like creating, adding, retrieving, deleting or updating records. The Command object can also
use stored queries and procedures with parameters.

ADO Connection object

The Connection Object is used to create a connection to a data source.

ADO Error object

The Error object contains details about data access errors that have been generated during a single
operation.

ADO Field object

The Field object contains information about a column in a Recordset.

ADO Parameter object

The Parameter object contains information about a parameter used in a stored procedure or query.

ADO Property object

The Property object represents a dynamic characteristic of an ADO object that is defined by the
provider.
ADO Record object
The Record object is used to hold a row in a Recordset, or a directory or file in a file system.

ADO Recordset object

The Recordset Object is used to hold a set of records from a database table.

ADO Stream object

The Stream Object is used to hold a stream of text or binary data.

ADO DataTypes
The ADO Data Type mapping between Access, SQL Server, and Oracle.

ADO Examples

ADO Examples
Lots of ADO Examples !!!

Introduction to ADO

ADO can be used to access databases from your web pages.

What you should already know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:

 WWW, HTML and the basics of building Web pages

 Active Server Pages (ASP)
 Structured Query Language (SQL)

If you want to study these subjects first, go to our Home Page

What is ADO?

• ADO is a Microsoft technology

• ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects
• ADO is a Microsoft Active-X component
• ADO is automatically installed with Microsoft IIS
• ADO is a programming interface to access data in a database

Accessing a Database from an ASP Page

The common way to access a database from inside an ASP page is to:

1. Create an ADO connection to a database

2. Open the database connection
3. Create an ADO recordset
4. Open the recordset
5. Extract the data you need from the recordset
6. Close the recordset
7. Close the connection
ADO Database Connection

Before a database can be accessed from a web page, a database connection has to be
established.

Create a DSN-less Database Connection

The easiest way to connect to a database is to use a DSN-less connection. A DSN-less connection
can be used against any Microsoft Access database on your web site.

If you have a database called "northwind.mdb" located in a web directory like "c:/webdata/", you
can connect to the database with the following ASP code:

<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
%>

Note, from the example above, that you have to specify the Microsoft Access database driver
(Provider) and the physical path to the database on your computer.

Create an ODBC Database Connection

If you have an ODBC database called "northwind" you can connect to the database with the
following ASP code:

<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Open "northwind"
%>

With an ODBC connection, you can connect to any database, on any computer in your network, as
long as an ODBC connection is available.

An ODBC Connection to an MS Access Database

Here is how to create a connection to a MS Access Database:

1. Open the ODBC icon in your Control Panel.

2. Choose the System DSN tab.
3. Click on Add in the System DSN tab.
4. Select the Microsoft Access Driver. Click Finish.
5. In the next screen, click Select to locate the database.
6. Give the database a Data Source Name (DSN).
7. Click OK.
Note that this configuration has to be done on the computer where your web site is located. If you
are running Personal Web Server (PWS) or Internet Information Server (IIS) on your own
computer, the instructions above will work, but if your web site is located on a remote server, you
have to have physical access to that server, or ask your web host to do this for you.

The ADO Connection Object

The ADO Connection object is used to create an open connection to a data source. Through this
connection, you can access and manipulate a database.

View all methods and properties of the Connection object.

ADO Recordset

To be able to read database data, the data must first be loaded into a recordset.

Create an ADO Table Recordset

After an ADO Database Connection has been created, as demonstrated in the previous chapter, it is
possible to create an ADO Recordset.

Suppose we have a database named "Northwind", we can get access to the "Customers" table inside
the database with the following lines:

<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")
rs.Open "Customers", conn
%>

Create an ADO SQL Recordset

We can also get access to the data in the "Customers" table using SQL:

Extract Data from the Recordset

After a recordset is opened, we can extract data from recordset.

Suppose we have a database named "Northwind", we can get access to the "Customers" table inside
the database with the following lines:
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")
rs.Open "Select * from Customers", conn
for each x in rs.fields
response.write(x.name)
response.write(" = ")
response.write(x.value)
next
%>

The ADO Recordset Object

The ADO Recordset object is used to hold a set of records from a database table.

View all methods and properties of the Recordset object.

ADO Display

The most common way to display data from a recordset, is to display the data in an HTML
table.

Examples

Display records
How to first create a database connection, then a recordset, and then display the data in HTML.

Display records in an HTML table

How to display the data from the database table in an HTML table.

Add headers to the HTML table

How to add headers to the HTML table to make it more readable.

Add colors to the HTML table

How to add colors to the HTML table to make it look nice.

Display the Field Names and Field Values

We have a database named "Northwind" and we want to display the data from the "Customers"
table (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

<html>
<body>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")
rs.Open "Select * from Customers", conn
do until rs.EOF
for each x in rs.Fields
Response.Write(x.name)
Response.Write(" = ")
Response.Write(x.value & "<br />")
next
Response.Write("<br />")
rs.MoveNext
loop
rs.close
conn.close
%>
</body>
</html>

Here is the result:

CustomerID = ALFKI
CompanyName = Alfreds Futterkiste
ContactName = Maria Anders
ContactTitle = Sales Representative
Address = Obere Str. 57
City = Berlin
PostalCode = 12209
Country = Germany

CustomerID = BERGS
CompanyName = Berglunds snabbköp
ContactName = Christina Berglund
ContactTitle = Order Administrator
Address = Berguvsvägen 8
City = Luleå
PostalCode = S-958 22
Country = Sweden

CustomerID = CENTC
CompanyName = Centro comercial Moctezuma
ContactName = Francisco Chang
ContactTitle = Marketing Manager
Address = Sierras de Granada 9993
City = México D.F.
PostalCode = 05022
Country = Mexico

....
....
....

Display the Field Names and Field Values in an HTML Table

We can also display the data from the "Customers" table inside an HTML table with the following
lines (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

Here is the result:

Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders

Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund

Centro comercial Moctezuma Francisco Chang

Ernst Handel Roland Mendel

FISSA Fabrica Inter. Salchichas S.A. Diego Roel

Galería del gastrónomo Eduardo Saavedra

Island Trading Helen Bennett

Königlich Essen Philip Cramer

Laughing Bacchus Wine Cellars Yoshi Tannamuri

Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti Giovanni Rovelli

North/South Simon Crowther

Paris spécialités Marie Bertrand

Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery Paula Wilson

Simons bistro Jytte Petersen

The Big Cheese Liz Nixon

Vaffeljernet Palle Ibsen

Wolski Zajazd Zbyszek Piestrzeniewicz

Add Headers to the HTML Table

We want to add headers to the HTML table to make it more readable (remember to save the file
with an .asp extension):

Here is the result:

Companyname Contactname

Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders

Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund

Centro comercial Moctezuma Francisco Chang

Ernst Handel Roland Mendel

FISSA Fabrica Inter. Salchichas S.A. Diego Roel

Galería del gastrónomo Eduardo Saavedra

Island Trading Helen Bennett

Königlich Essen Philip Cramer

Laughing Bacchus Wine Cellars Yoshi Tannamuri

Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti Giovanni Rovelli

North/South Simon Crowther

Paris spécialités Marie Bertrand

Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery Paula Wilson

Simons bistro Jytte Petersen

The Big Cheese Liz Nixon

Vaffeljernet Palle Ibsen

Wolski Zajazd Zbyszek Piestrzeniewicz

ADO Queries

We may use SQL to create queries to specify only a selected set of records and fields to
view.

Examples

Display records where "Companyname" starts with an A

How to display only the records from the "Customers" table that have a "Companyname" that starts
with an A.

Display records where "Companyname" is > E

How to display only the records from the "Customers" table that have a "Companyname" that is
larger than E.

Display only Spanish customers

How to display only the Spanish customers from the "Customers" table.

Let the user choose filter

Let the user choose which country to show customers from.

Display Selected Data

We want to display only the records from the "Customers" table that have a "Companyname" that
starts with an A (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

Here is the result:

Companyname Contactname

Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders

ADO Sort

We may use SQL to specify how to sort the data in the record set.

Examples

Sort the records on a specified fieldname ascending

How to sort the data on a specified fieldname.

Sort the records on a specified fieldname descending

How to sort the data on a specified fieldname.

Let the user choose what column to sort on

Let the user choose what column to sort on.

Sort the Data

We want to display the "Companyname" and "Contactname" fields from the "Customers" table,
ordered by "Companyname" (remember to save the file with an .asp extension):

<table border="1" width="100%">

Here is the result:

Companyname Contactname

Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders

Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund

Centro comercial Moctezuma Francisco Chang

Ernst Handel Roland Mendel

FISSA Fabrica Inter. Salchichas S.A. Diego Roel

Galería del gastrónomo Eduardo Saavedra

Island Trading Helen Bennett

Königlich Essen Philip Cramer

Laughing Bacchus Wine Cellars Yoshi Tannamuri

Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti Giovanni Rovelli

North/South Simon Crowther

Paris spécialités Marie Bertrand

Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery Paula Wilson

Simons bistro Jytte Petersen

The Big Cheese Liz Nixon

Vaffeljernet Palle Ibsen

Wolski Zajazd Zbyszek Piestrzeniewicz

ADO Add Records

We may use the SQL INSERT INTO command to add a record to a table in a database.

Add a Record to a Table in a Database

We want to add a new record to the Customers table in the Northwind database. We first create a
form that contains the fields we want to collect data from:

<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action="demo_add.asp">
<table>
<tr>
<td>CustomerID:</td>
<td><input name="custid"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Company Name:</td>
<td><input name="compname"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Contact Name:</td>
<td><input name="contname"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Address:</td>
<td><input name="address"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>City:</td>
<td><input name="city"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Postal Code:</td>
<td><input name="postcode"></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Country:</td>
<td><input name="country"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Add New">
<input type="reset" value="Cancel">
</form>
</body>
</html>

When the user presses the submit button the form is sent to a file called "demo_add.asp". The
"demo_add.asp" file contains the code that will add a new record to the Customers table:

<html>
<body>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
sql="INSERT INTO customers (customerID,companyname,"
sql=sql & "contactname,address,city,postalcode,country)"
sql=sql & " VALUES "
sql=sql & "('" & Request.Form("custid") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("compname") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("contname") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("address") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("city") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("postcode") & "',"
sql=sql & "'" & Request.Form("country") & "')"
on error resume next
conn.Execute sql,recaffected
if err<>0 then
Response.Write("No update permissions!")
else
Response.Write("<h3>" & recaffected & " record added</h3>")
end if
conn.close
%>

</body>
</html>

Important

If you use the SQL INSERT command be aware of the following:

• If the table contains a primary key, make sure to append a unique, non-Null value to the
primary key field (if not, the provider may not append the record, or an error occurs)
• If the table contains an AutoNumber field, do not include this field in the SQL INSERT
command (the value of this field will be taken care of automatically by the provider)

What about Fields With no Data?

In a MS Access database, you can enter zero-length strings ("") in Text, Hyperlink, and Memo fields
IF you set the AllowZeroLength property to Yes.

Note: Not all databases support zero-length strings and may cause an error when a record with
blank fields is added. It is important to check what data types your database supports.

ADO Update Records

We may use the SQL UPDATE command to update a record in a table in a database.

Update a Record in a Table

We want to update a record in the Customers table in the Northwind database. We first create a
table that lists all records in the Customers table:

<html>
<body>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers",conn
%>
<h2>List Database</h2>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<%
for each x in rs.Fields
response.write("<th>" & ucase(x.name) & "</th>")
next
%>
</tr>
<% do until rs.EOF %>
<tr>
<form method="post" action="demo_update.asp">
<%
for each x in rs.Fields
if lcase(x.name)="customerid" then%>
<td>
<input type="submit" name="customerID" value="<%=x.value%>">
</td>
<%else%>
<td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>
<%end if
next
%>
</form>
<%rs.MoveNext%>
</tr>
<%
loop
conn.close
%>
</table>
</body>
</html>

If the user clicks on the button in the "customerID" column he or she will be taken to a new file
called "demo_update.asp". The "demo_update.asp" file contains the source code on how to create
input fields based on the fields from one record in the database table. It also contains a "Update
record" button that will save your changes:

<html>
<body>
<h2>Update Record</h2>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
cid=Request.Form("customerID")
if Request.form("companyname")="" then
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'",conn
%>
<form method="post" action="demo_update.asp">
<table>
<%for each x in rs.Fields%>
<tr>
<td><%=x.name%></td>
<td><input name="<%=x.name%>" value="<%=x.value%>"></td>
<%next%>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Update record">
</form>
<%
else
sql="UPDATE customers SET "
sql=sql & "companyname='" & Request.Form("companyname") & "',"
sql=sql & "contactname='" & Request.Form("contactname") & "',"
sql=sql & "address='" & Request.Form("address") & "',"
sql=sql & "city='" & Request.Form("city") & "',"
sql=sql & "postalcode='" & Request.Form("postalcode") & "',"
sql=sql & "country='" & Request.Form("country") & "'"
sql=sql & " WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'"
on error resume next
conn.Execute sql
if err<>0 then
response.write("No update permissions!")
else
response.write("Record " & cid & " was updated!")
end if
end if
conn.close
%>
</body>
</html>

ADO Delete Records

We may use the SQL DELETE command to delete a record in a table in a database.

Delete a Record in a Table

We want to delete a record in the Customers table in the Northwind database. We first create a
table that lists all records in the Customers table:

<html>
<body>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers",conn
%>
<h2>List Database</h2>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<%
for each x in rs.Fields
response.write("<th>" & ucase(x.name) & "</th>")
next
%>
</tr>
<% do until rs.EOF %>
<tr>
<form method="post" action="demo_delete.asp">
<%
for each x in rs.Fields
if x.name="customerID" then%>
<td>
<input type="submit" name="customerID" value="<%=x.value%>">
</td>
<%else%>
<td><%Response.Write(x.value)%></td>
<%end if
next
%>
</form>
<%rs.MoveNext%>
</tr>
<%
loop
conn.close
%>
</table>
</body>
</html>

If the user clicks on the button in the "customerID" column he or she will be taken to a new file
called "demo_delete.asp". The "demo_delete.asp" file contains the source code on how to create
input fields based on the fields from one record in the database table. It also contains a "Delete
record" button that will delete the current record:

<html>
<body>
<h2>Delete Record</h2>
<%
set conn=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.Provider="Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0"
conn.Open "c:/webdata/northwind.mdb"
cid=Request.Form("customerID")
if Request.form("companyname")="" then
set rs=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
rs.open "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customerID='" & cid & "'",conn
%>
<form method="post" action="demo_update.asp">
<table>
<%for each x in rs.Fields%>
<tr>
<td><%=x.name%></td>
<td><input name="<%=x.name%>" value="<%=x.value%>"></td>
<%next%>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Delete record">
</form>
<%
else
sql="DELETE FROM customers"
sql=sql & " WHERE customersID='" & cid & "'"
on error resume next
conn.Execute sql
if err<>0 then
response.write("No update permissions!")
else
response.write("Record " & cid & " was deleted!")
end if
end if
conn.close
%>
</body>
</html>

ADO Demonstration

To demonstrate a small real life ADO application, we have put together a few ADO demos.

Read this First

If you try to update the database, you will get the error message: "You do not have permission to
update this database". You get this error because you don't have write access to our server.

BUT, if you copy the code and run it on your own system, you might get the same error. That is
because the system might see you as an anonymous internet user when you access the file via your
browser. In that case, you have to change the access-rights to get access to the file.

How to change the access-rights of your Access database?

Open Windows Explorer, find the .mdb file. Right-click on the .mdb file and select Properties. Go to
the Security tab and set the access-rights here.

List, Edit, Update, and Delete Database Records

List, edit, update, and delete database records

Add a New Record to a Database

Add a new record

ADO Command Object

Command Object

The ADO Command object is used to execute a single query against a database. The query can
perform actions like creating, adding, retrieving, deleting or updating records.

If the query is used to retrieve data, the data will be returned as a RecordSet object. This means
that the retrieved data can be manipulated by properties, collections, methods, and events of the
Recordset object.

The major feature of the Command object is the ability to use stored queries and procedures with
parameters.

ProgID

set objCommand=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.command")

Properties

Property Description

ActiveConnection Sets or returns a definition for a connection if the connection is closed,

or the current Connection object if the connection is open

CommandText Sets or returns a provider command

CommandTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait while attempting to

execute a command

CommandType Sets or returns the type of a Command object

Name Sets or returns the name of a Command object

Prepared Sets or returns a Boolean value that, if set to True, indicates that the
command should save a prepared version of the query before the first
execution

State Returns a value that describes if the Command object is open, closed,
connecting, executing or retrieving data

Methods

Method Description

Cancel Cancels an execution of a method

CreateParameter Creates a new Parameter object

Execute Executes the query, SQL statement or procedure in the CommandText

property

Collections

Collection Description

Parameters Contains all the Parameter objects of a Command Object

Properties Contains all the Property objects of a Command Object

ADO Connection Object

Connection Object

The ADO Connection Object is used to create an open connection to a data source. Through this
connection, you can access and manipulate a database.

If you want to access a database multiple times, you should establish a connection using the
Connection object. You can also make a connection to a database by passing a connection string via
a Command or Recordset object. However, this type of connection is only good for one specific,
single query.

ProgID

set objConnection=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.connection")

Properties

Property Description

Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Connection object

CommandTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait while attempting to

execute a command

ConnectionString Sets or returns the details used to create a connection to a data

source

ConnectionTimeout Sets or returns the number of seconds to wait for a connection to open

CursorLocation Sets or returns the location of the cursor service

DefaultDatabase Sets or returns the default database name

IsolationLevel Sets or returns the isolation level

Mode Sets or returns the provider access permission

Provider Sets or returns the provider name

State Returns a value describing if the connection is open or closed

Version Returns the ADO version number

Methods

Method Description

BeginTrans Begins a new transaction

Cancel Cancels an execution

Close Closes a connection

CommitTrans Saves any changes and ends the current transaction

Execute Executes a query, statement, procedure or provider specific text

Open Opens a connection

OpenSchema Returns schema information from the provider about the data source

RollbackTrans Cancels any changes in the current transaction and ends the
transaction

Events

Note: You cannot handle events using VBScript or JScript (only Visual Basic, Visual C++, and
Visual J++ languages can handle events).

Event Description

BeginTransComplete Triggered after the BeginTrans operation

CommitTransComplete Triggered after the CommitTrans operation

ConnectComplete Triggered after a connection starts

Disconnect Triggered after a connection ends

ExecuteComplete Triggered after a command has finished executing

InfoMessage Triggered if a warning occurs during a ConnectionEvent operation

RollbackTransComplete Triggered after the RollbackTrans operation

WillConnect Triggered before a connection starts

WillExecute Triggered before a command is executed

Collections

Collection Description

Errors Contains all the Error objects of the Connection object

Properties Contains all the Property objects of the Connection object

ADO Error Object

Error Object

The ADO Error object contains details about data access errors that have been generated during a
single operation.

ADO generates one Error object for each error. Each Error object contains details of the specific
error, and are stored in the Errors collection. To access the errors, you must refer to a specific
connection.

To loop through the Errors collection:

<%
for each objErr in objConn.Errors
response.write("<p>")
response.write("Description: ")
response.write(objErr.Description & "<br />")
response.write("Help context: ")
response.write(objErr.HelpContext & "<br />")
response.write("Help file: ")
response.write(objErr.HelpFile & "<br />")
response.write("Native error: ")
response.write(objErr.NativeError & "<br />")
response.write("Error number: ")
response.write(objErr.Number & "<br />")
response.write("Error source: ")
response.write(objErr.Source & "<br />")
response.write("SQL state: ")
response.write(objErr.SQLState & "<br />")
response.write("</p>")
next
%>

Syntax

objErr.property

Properties

Property Description

Description Returns an error description

HelpContext Returns the context ID of a topic in the Microsoft Windows help

system

HelpFile Returns the full path of the help file in the Microsoft Windows help
system

NativeError Returns an error code from the provider or the data source

Number Returns a unique number that identifies the error

Source Returns the name of the object or application that generated the error

SQLState Returns a 5-character SQL error code

ADO Field Object

Field Object

The ADO Field object contains information about a column in a Recordset object. There is one Field
object for each column in the Recordset.

ProgID
set objField=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.field")

Properties

Property Description

ActualSize Returns the actual length of a field's value

Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Field object

DefinedSize Returns the defined size of a field

Name Sets or returns the name of a Field object

NumericScale Sets or returns the number of decimal places allowed for numeric
values in a Field object

OriginalValue Returns the original value of a field

Precision Sets or returns the maximum number of digits allowed when

representing numeric values in a Field object

Status Returns the status of a Field object

Type Sets or returns the type of a Field object

UnderlyingValue Returns the current value of a field

Value Sets or returns the value of a Field object

Methods

Method Description

AppendChunk Appends long binary or character data to a Field object

GetChunk Returns all or a part of the contents of a large text or binary data Field
object

Collections

Collection Description

Properties Contains all the Property objects for a Field object

ADO Parameter Object

Parameter Object

The ADO Parameter object provides information about a single parameter used in a stored
procedure or query.

A Parameter object is added to the Parameters Collection when it is created. The Parameters
Collection is associated with a specific Command object, which uses the Collection to pass
parameters in and out of stored procedures and queries.
Parameters can be used to create Parameterized Commands. These commands are (after they have
been defined and stored) using parameters to alter some details of the command before it is
executed. For example, an SQL SELECT statement could use a parameter to define the criteria of a
WHERE clause.

There are four types of parameters: input parameters, output parameters, input/output parameters
and return parameters.

Syntax

objectname.property
objectname.method

Properties

Property Description

Attributes Sets or returns the attributes of a Parameter object

Direction Sets or returns how a parameter is passed to or from a procedure

Name Sets or returns the name of a Parameter object

NumericScale Sets or returns the number of digits stored to the right side of the
decimal point for a numeric value of a Parameter object

Precision Sets or returns the maximum number of digits allowed when

representing numeric values in a Parameter

Size Sets or returns the maximum size in bytes or characters of a value in

a Parameter object

Type Sets or returns the type of a Parameter object

Value Sets or returns the value of a Parameter object

Methods

Method Description

AppendChunk Appends long binary or character data to a Parameter object

Delete Deletes an object from the Parameters Collection

ADO Property Object

Property Object

The ADO Property object represents a dynamic characteristic of an ADO object that is defined by the
provider.

Each provider that talks with ADO has different ways of interacting with ADO. Therefore, ADO needs
to store information about the provider in some way. The solution is that the provider gives specific
information (dynamic properties) to ADO. ADO stores each provider property in a Property object
that is again stored in the Properties Collection. The Collection is assigned to either a Command
object, Connection object, Field object, or a Recordset object.
ProgID

set objProperty=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.property")

Properties

Property Description

Attributes Returns the attributes of a Property object

Name Sets or returns the name of a Property object

Type Returns the type of a Property object

Value Sets or returns the value of a Property object

ADO Record Object

Record Object (ADO version 2.5)

The ADO Record object is used to hold a row in a Recordset, a directory, or a file from a file system.

Only structured databases could be accessed by ADO in versions prior 2.5. In a structured
database, each table has the exact same number of columns in each row, and each column is
composed of the same data type.

The Record object allows access to data-sets where the number of columns and/or the data type
can be different from row to row.

Syntax

objectname.property
objectname.method

Properties

Property Description

ActiveConnection Sets or returns which Connection object a Record object belongs

Mode Sets or returns the permission for modifying data in a Record

object

ParentURL Returns the absolute URL of the parent Record

RecordType Returns the type of a Record object

Source Sets or returns the src parameter of the Open method of a

Record object

State Returns the status of a Record object

Methods

Method Description

Cancel Cancels an execution of a CopyRecord, DeleteRecord,

MoveRecord, or Open call

Close Closes a Record object

CopyRecord Copies a file or directory to another location

DeleteRecord Deletes a file or directory

GetChildren Returns a Recordset object where each row represents the files in
the directory

MoveRecord Moves a file or a directory to another location

Open Opens an existing Record object or creates a new file or directory

Collections

Collection Description

Properties A collection of provider-specific properties

Fields Contains all the Field objects in the Record object

The Fields Collection's Properties

Property Description

Count Returns the number of items in the fields collection. Starts at

zero.

Example:

countfields = rec.Fields.Count

Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the fields collection.

Example:

itemfields = rec.Fields.Item(1)
or
itemfields = rec.Fields.Item("Name")

ADO Recordset Object

Examples

GetRows
This example demonstrates how to use the GetRows method.
Recordset Object

The ADO Recordset object is used to hold a set of records from a database table. A Recordset object
consist of records and columns (fields).

In ADO, this object is the most important and the most used object to manipulate data from a
database.

ProgID

set objRecordset=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.recordset")

When you first open a Recordset, the current record pointer will point to the first record and the
BOF and EOF properties are False. If there are no records, the BOF and EOF property are True.

Recordset objects can support two types of updating:

• Immediate updating - all changes are written immediately to the database once you call
the Update method.
• Batch updating - the provider will cache multiple changes and then send them to the
database with the UpdateBatch method.

In ADO there are 4 different cursor types defined:

• Dynamic cursor - Allows you to see additions, changes, and deletions by other users.
• Keyset cursor - Like a dynamic cursor, except that you cannot see additions by other
users, and it prevents access to records that other users have deleted. Data changes by
other users will still be visible.
• Static cursor - Provides a static copy of a recordset for you to use to find data or generate
reports. Additions, changes, or deletions by other users will not be visible. This is the only
type of cursor allowed when you open a client-side Recordset object.
• Forward-only cursor - Allows you to only scroll forward through the Recordset. Additions,
changes, or deletions by other users will not be visible.

The cursor type can be set by the CursorType property or by the CursorType parameter in the Open
method.

Note: Not all providers support all methods or properties of the Recordset object.

Properties

Property Description

AbsolutePage Sets or returns a value that specifies the page number in the
Recordset object

AbsolutePosition Sets or returns a value that specifies the ordinal position of the
current record in the Recordset object

ActiveCommand Returns the Command object associated with the Recordset

ActiveConnection Sets or returns a definition for a connection if the connection is

closed, or the current Connection object if the connection is open

BOF Returns true if the current record position is before the first
record, otherwise false

Bookmark Sets or returns a bookmark. The bookmark saves the position of

the current record

CacheSize Sets or returns the number of records that can be cached

CursorLocation Sets or returns the location of the cursor service

CursorType Sets or returns the cursor type of a Recordset object

DataMember Sets or returns the name of the data member that will be
retrieved from the object referenced by the DataSource property

DataSource Specifies an object containing data to be represented as a

Recordset object

EditMode Returns the editing status of the current record

EOF Returns true if the current record position is after the last record,
otherwise false

Filter Sets or returns a filter for the data in a Recordset object

Index Sets or returns the name of the current index for a Recordset
object

LockType Sets or returns a value that specifies the type of locking when
editing a record in a Recordset

MarshalOptions Sets or returns a value that specifies which records are to be

returned back to the server

MaxRecords Sets or returns the maximum number of records to return to a

Recordset object from a query

PageCount Returns the number of pages with data in a Recordset object

PageSize Sets or returns the maximum number of records allowed on a

single page of a Recordset object

RecordCount Returns the number of records in a Recordset object

Sort Sets or returns the field names in the Recordset to sort on

Source Sets a string value or a Command object reference, or returns a

String value that indicates the data source of the Recordset
object

State Returns a value that describes if the Recordset object is open,

closed, connecting, executing or retrieving data

Status Returns the status of the current record with regard to batch
updates or other bulk operations

StayInSync Sets or returns whether the reference to the child records will
change when the parent record position changes

Methods

Method Description

AddNew Creates a new record

Cancel Cancels an execution

CancelBatch Cancels a batch update

CancelUpdate Cancels changes made to a record of a Recordset object

Clone Creates a duplicate of an existing Recordset

Close Closes a Recordset

CompareBookmarks Compares two bookmarks

Delete Deletes a record or a group of records

Find Searches for a record in a Recordset that satisfies a specified

criteria

GetRows Copies multiple records from a Recordset object into a two-

dimensional array

GetString Returns a Recordset as a string

Move Moves the record pointer in a Recordset object

MoveFirst Moves the record pointer to the first record

MoveLast Moves the record pointer to the last record

MoveNext Moves the record pointer to the next record

MovePrevious Moves the record pointer to the previous record

NextRecordset Clears the current Recordset object and returns the next
Recordset object by looping through a series of commands

Open Opens a database element that gives you access to records in a

table, the results of a query, or to a saved Recordset

Requery Updates the data in a Recordset by re-executing the query that

made the original Recordset

Resync Refreshes the data in the current Recordset from the original
database

Save Saves a Recordset object to a file or a Stream object

Seek Searches the index of a Recordset to find a record that matches

the specified values

Supports Returns a boolean value that defines whether or not a Recordset

object supports a specific type of functionality

Update Saves all changes made to a single record in a Recordset object

UpdateBatch Saves all changes in a Recordset to the database. Used when

working in batch update mode

Events

Note: You cannot handle events using VBScript or JScript (only Visual Basic, Visual C++, and
Visual J++ languages can handle events).

Event Description

EndOfRecordset Triggered when you try to move to a record after the last record

FetchComplete Triggered after all records in an asynchronous operation have

been fetched

FetchProgress Triggered periodically in an asynchronous operation, to state how

many more records that have been fetched
FieldChangeComplete Triggered after the value of a Field object change

MoveComplete Triggered after the current position in the Recordset has changed

RecordChangeComplete Triggered after a record has changed

RecordsetChangeComplete Triggered after the Recordset has changed

WillChangeField Triggered before the value of a Field object change

WillChangeRecord Triggered before a record change

WillChangeRecordset Triggered before a Recordset change

WillMove Triggered before the current position in the Recordset changes

Collections

Collection Description

Fields Indicates the number of Field objects in the Recordset object

Properties Contains all the Property objects in the Recordset object

The Fields Collection's Properties

Property Description

Count Returns the number of items in the fields collection. Starts at

zero.

Example:

countfields = rs.Fields.Count

Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the fields collection.

Example:

itemfields = rs.Fields.Item(1)
or
itemfields = rs.Fields.Item("Name")

The Properties Collection's Properties

Property Description

Count Returns the number of items in the properties collection. Starts

at zero.

Example:

countprop = rs.Properties.Count

Item(named_item/number) Returns a specified item in the properties collection.

Example:

itemprop = rs.Properties.Item(1)
or
itemprop = rs.Properties.Item("Name")

ADO Stream Object

Stream Object (ADO version 2.5)

The ADO Stream Object is used to read, write, and manage a stream of binary data or text.

A Stream object can be obtained in three ways:

• From a URL pointing to a document, a folder, or a Record object

• By instantiating a Stream object to store data for your application
• By opening the default Stream object associated with a Record object

Syntax

objectname.property
objectname.method

Properties

Property Description

CharSet Sets or returns a value that specifies into which character

set the contents are to be translated. This property is only
used with text Stream objects (type is adTypeText)

EOS Returns whether the current position is at the end of the

stream or not

LineSeparator Sets or returns the line separator character used in a text

Stream object

Mode Sets or returns the available permissions for modifying data

Position Sets or returns the current position (in bytes) from the
beginning of a Stream object

Size Returns the size of an open Stream object

State Returns a value describing if the Stream object is open or

closed

Type Sets or returns the type of data in a Stream object

Methods
Method Description

Cancel Cancels an execution of an Open call on a Stream object

Close Closes a Stream object

CopyTo Copies a specified number of characters/bytes from one

Stream object into another Stream object

Flush Sends the contents of the Stream buffer to the associated

underlying object

LoadFromFile Loads the contents of a file into a Stream object

Open Opens a Stream object

Read Reads the entire stream or a specified number of bytes from

a binary Stream object

ReadText Reads the entire stream, a line, or a specified number of

characters from a text Stream object

SaveToFile Saves the binary contents of a Stream object to a file

SetEOS Sets the current position to be the end of the stream (EOS)

SkipLine Skips a line when reading a text Stream

Write Writes binary data to a binary Stream object

WriteText Writes character data to a text Stream object

ADO Data Types

The table below shows the ADO Data Type mapping between Access, SQL Server, and Oracle:

DataType Enum Value Access SQLServer Oracle

adBigInt 20 BigInt (SQL Server

2000 +)

adBinary 128 Binary Raw *

TimeStamp

adBoolean 11 YesNo Bit

adChar 129 Char Char

adCurrency 6 Currency Money

SmallMoney

adDate 7 Date DateTime

adDBTimeStamp 135 DateTime (Access 97 DateTime Date

(ODBC)) SmallDateTime

adDecimal 14 Decimal *

adDouble 5 Double Float Float

adGUID 72 ReplicationID (Access UniqueIdentifier (SQL

97 (OLEDB)), (Access Server 7.0 +)
2000 (OLEDB))
adIDispatch 9

adInteger 3 AutoNumber Identity (SQL Server Int *

Integer 6.5)
Long Int

adLongVarBinary 205 OLEObject Image Long Raw *

Blob (Oracle 8.1.x)

adLongVarChar 201 Memo (Access 97) Text Long *

Hyperlink (Access 97) Clob (Oracle 8.1.x)

adLongVarWChar 203 Memo (Access 2000 NText (SQL Server NClob (Oracle 8.1.x)
(OLEDB)) 7.0 +)
Hyperlink (Access
2000 (OLEDB))

adNumeric 131 Decimal (Access 2000 Decimal Decimal

(OLEDB)) Numeric Integer
Number
SmallInt

adSingle 4 Single Real

adSmallInt 2 Integer SmallInt

adUnsignedTinyInt 17 Byte TinyInt

adVarBinary 204 ReplicationID (Access VarBinary

97)

adVarChar 200 Text (Access 97) VarChar VarChar

adVariant 12 Sql_Variant (SQL VarChar2

Server 2000 +)

adVarWChar 202 Text (Access 2000 NVarChar (SQL Server NVarChar2

(OLEDB)) 7.0 +)

adWChar 130 NChar (SQL Server

7.0 +)

* In Oracle 8.0.x - decimal and int are equal to number and number(10).

ADO Examples

Display

Display records
Display records in an HTML table
Add headers to the HTML table
Add colors to the HTML table

Queries

Display records where "Companyname" starts with an A

Display records where "Companyname" is > E
Display only Spanish customers
Let the user choose filter
Sort

Sort the records on a specified fieldname ascending

Sort the records on a specified fieldname descending
Let the user choose what column to sort on

Recordset Object

GetRows

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