.. · RJ.\T7000-MS ' .

.... . . '.304. enterpriSe.Sv.t

, . ·E~ondido,OA!J2029,U.S.A.

Phon~:'f1fO)747~tO?9 Fax: (760)741·1658

. . .EMail: saaesOdtwc.com

RAT7000-MS

RAT7000

AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

OPERATOR1S AND TECHNICAL MANUAL

I 111(1 tL"':,1 ~ I ) ~

DATRON WORLD COMMUNICATIONS INC.

-/tanual Part No. RA T7000-MS Publication # 991520

Printed: January 1994 Revision: A

304 Enterprise Street Escondido, CA 92029, U.S.A.

Phone: (760) 747-1079 Fax: (760) 741-1658 EMail: [email protected]

One Year Limited Warranty and Remedies

,--------------------------------------

Datron World Communications Inc. (DWC) warrants that its equipment is free from defects in design, materials and workmanship for a period of 12 months from the date of installation of the equipment, but in no event later than 15 months from the date of shipment. If the equipment does not provide satisfactory service due to defects covered by this warranty, DWC will, at its option, replace or repair the equipment free of charge.

Should it be impractical to return the equipment for repair, DWC will provide replacements for defective parts contained in the equipment for a period of 12 months from the date of installation of the equipment, but in no event later than 15 months from the date of shipment.

This warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not transferable. Repair service performed by DWC is warranted for the balance of the original warranty or 90 days, whichever is longer.

Exclusiye Warranty: There are no other warranties beyond the warranty as contained herein. No agent, employee, or representative of DWC has any authority to bind DWC to any affirmation, representation, or war-

~ ranty concerning the equipment or its parts that is not in ., conformity with the warranties contained herein. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH ABOVE, NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE EQUIPMENT OR THE PARTS CONTAINED THEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND DWC EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES NOT STATED HEREIN.

Limitations of Warranty: This warranty does not cover:

• Physical damage to the equipment or its parts that does not involve defects in design, material or workmanship, including damage by impact, liquids, temperature, or gases.

• Damage to the equipment or its parts caused by lightning, static discharge, voltage transients, or application of incorrect supply voltages.

• Defects or failures caused by unauthorized attempts to repair or modify the equipment.

• Defects or failures caused by Buyer abuse or misuse.

Return of Equipment • Domestic: To obtain performance of any obligation under this warranty, the equipment must be returned freight prepaid to the Customer Service Department. Datron World Communications Inc., 304 Enterprise Street, Escondido, California 92029. The equipment must be packed securely. DWC shall not be responsible for any damage incurred in transit. A letter containing the following information must be included with the equipment.

a. Model, serial number and date of installation;

b. Name of dealer or supplier of the equipment;

c. Detailed explanation of problem;

d. Return shipping instructions; and

e. Telephone or fax number where buyer may be contacted.

DWC will return the equipment prepaid by United Parcel Service, Parcel Post, or truck. If alternate shipping is specified by Buyer, freight charges will be made collect.

Return of Eguipment - International: Contact DWC or your local Representative for specific instructions. Do not return equipment without authorization. It is usually not possible to clear equipment through U.S. Customs without the correct documentation. If equipment is returned without authorization, Buyer is responsible for all taxes, customs duties, clearance charges, and other associated costs.

Parts Replacement: The following instructions for the supply of replacement parts must be followed:

a. Return the parts prepaid to "Parts Replacement" Datron World Communications Inc., 304 Enterprise Street, Escondido, California 92029; and

b. Include a letter with the following information:

1. part number;

2. serial number and model of equipment; and

3. date of installation.

Parts returned without this information will not be replaced. In the event of a dispute over the age of the replacement part, components date-coded over 24 months previously will be considered out of warranty.

Remedies: Buyer's sole remedies and the entire liability of DWC are set forth above. In no event will DWC be liable to buyer or any other person for any damages, including any incidental or consequential damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings, or other damages arising out of use of or inability to use the equipment. 1/96

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THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 General Description 1-1

1.3 Physical Description - .. _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1

1.4 Technical Specifications 1-1

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.3
2.4
~ 2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2 CHAPTER 2 - INSTALLATION

General 2-1

Selecting the Antenna 2-1

Antenna Installation 2-1

Antenna Location " .. " 2-1

Ground System 2-2

Vehicle Grounds 2-2

Fixed Station Grounds 2-2

Corrosion 2-2

Antenna Tuner Mounting 2-2

Antenna Connection 2-2

Transceiver Interface Cable Connections 2-2

Description 2-2

RA 17000 Cabling 2-2

CHAPTER 3 - OPERATION

3.1 Tuner Option 3-1

CHAPTER 4 - THEORY OF OPERATION

4.1 General 4-1

4.2 Tuning Network 4-1

4.3 Control Circuitry 4-1

4.4 RF Detectors 4-1

4.4.1 Phase Detector 4-1

4.4.2 4.4.3 4.5

Impedance Magnitude Detector " .. " , . 4-1

VSWR Detectors 4-1

Memory Feature " " .. " .. " .. " 4-2

CHAPTER 5 - MAINTENANCE

5.1 General 5-1

5.2 Alignment. 5-1

5.3 Troubleshooting 5-1

5.3.1 Inspection 5-1

5.3.2 Poor Tuning Performance 5-1

5.3.3 Initialization Problems 5-1

5.4 Troubleshooting Aides 5-2

5.5 Memory Feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-2

TABLES

1-1 Technical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-2

2-1 RA 17000 Cabling for the R 17000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3

5-1 Parts List, RA17000 5-8

FIGURES

5-1 Component Locations, RA17000 5-4

5-2 Wiring Diagram, RA 17000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-5

5-3 Schematic Diagram, RA 17000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-6

ii

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This manual contains the information necessary for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the RA 17000 automatic antenna tuner.

1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

This antenna tuner is designed to match the 50 ohm output of an HF/SSB transceiver to a variety of antennas for mobile, marine, and fixed station applications over the frequency range of 2 to 30 MHz. The tuner is specifically designed to work with Transworld's R17000 transceiver where tuning is accomplished automatically upon initiation of a tune cycle by the operator at a controlled lOW level. A positive indication of successful tuning is provided at the end of the tune cycle. A memory feature allows scanning of up to 100 preset

channels with a retune time of approximately 10 milliseconds.

The RA17000 can also be used with other HF/SSB transceivers as long as a suitable interface is provided. Contact the factory for details concerning individual applications.

1.3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

The tuner is designed for operation under the most severe environmental conditions. It is contained in a rugged, waterproof case which should be mounted as close as possible to the radiating part of the antenna.

1.4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Table 1-1 lists the technical specifications for the tuner.

1-1

TABLE 1-1.

Technical Specifications.

ELECTRICAL

Frequency Range Tuning Capability

*15 to 75 ft. antenna *10 to 75 ft. antenna *Doublets

1.6 to 30 MHz.

Whips, wires, and doublets as shown: 2 to 30 MHz.

2.5 to 30 MHz.

Less than or equal to a ratio of 3 to 1 VSWR at the operating frequency.

NOTE: For operation from 1.6 to 2.0 MHz, the minimum antenna length is 32 ft.

Rated RF Input Power 125 watts, PEP.

Tuning Mode Tuning Accuracy

Tuning Time

RF Tune Power Primary Power Input

MECHANICAL Weight

Size

Case

ENVIRONMENTAL

Temperature Shock, vibration

CONNECTIONS

RF Connection (input) RF Connection (output) Control Connection Ground Connection

Fully automatic.

Typically greater than or equal to a 1.5 to 1 ratio VSWR referenced to 50 ohms.

Typically 2 seconds (initial tune), 10 msec (memory tune). 10 to 20 watts average, typical.

+ 12 Vdc at 1.8 A, maximum.

6.2 lbs. (2.8 kilos).

14 in. x 11 in. x 3 in. (36 em x 28 em x 8 ern). Waterproof, ruggedized.

-300 to +600 Centigrade. Per MIL-SID-81OD.

"N" type RF input connector. High voltage ceramic insulator. 14p sealed connector.

Ground lug.

CONTINUOUS DUlY OPERATION

The following conditions must be observed when operating in the FSK mode.

1.) ANTENNA LENGTHS. The minimum antenna lengths listed here should be used:

Frequency Range 2.0 to 30 MHz 3.0 to 30 MHz 5.0 to 30 MHz 7.0 to 30 MHz

Antenna Length 27 m (75 ft.)

9.6 m (32 ft.) 4.8 m (16 ft.) 3.0 m (10 ft.)

2.) SUN LOADING. The tuner is rated to 60° Centigrade ambient. This temperature can be exceeded if the case is exposed to direct sunlight. For FSK operation it is important that the tuner is installed so that the case is not exposed to direct sunlight.

1-2

CHAPTER 2

I NSTALLA TION

2.1 GENERAL

System installation is a four-part process that covers the following steps:

1) Selecting the antenna.

2) Installing the antenna.

3) Mounting the antenna tuner.

4) Connecting the appropriate interface cables between the tuner and the transceiver.

2.2 SELECTING THE ANTENNA

The tuner is designed primarily for use with end-fed unbalanced antennas such as whips and long wires. The radiating portion of the antenna is connected directly to the tuner via a high-voltage insulator.

Broadband resonant antennas like LPA's may be used with the tuner if desired. Narrowband resonant antennas, such as dipoles, may only be used if the anten~a VSWR (including coaxial feedline) is less than a ratio of 3 to 1 at the operating frequency.

The tuner will work with almost any end-fed antenna within the specified frequency range, provided an effec"""" tive ground is used. The antenna efficiency is propor\ . tional to length, and in most cases will be of maximuI? . efficiency at an electrical length of 1/4 wavelength. ThIS

means that the longest possible antenna should be selected for each installation. Very short antennas are only recommended where there is no other alternative, such as in a vehicular configuration.

2.3 ANTENNA INSTALLATION

The antenna system is a key part of the communication system and for satisfactory operation must be installed correctly. The "7000" tuner uses unbalanced antennas which use a ground as half of the antenna system. The ground forms an "image" antenna and is a critical part of the system. This makes it essential to consider both the ground and the antenna when designing the system.

2.3.1 ANTENNA LOCATION

The following points should be carefully considered when installing the antenna:

1) The antenna should be located in a position free of obstructions, particularly in the desired direction of communication.

2) The antenna should be kept as far away as possible from buildings, trees and vegetation. If metallic masts or supports arc used, arrange the insula-

tors so that the antenna is spaced at least 2 meters from the mast.

3) The radiating part of the antenna starts at the tuner and, therefore, the lead-in cable from the tuner to the antenna should be kept as short as possible.

4) Vertical antennas have an omni-directional radiation pattern, and will provide equal performance in all directions.

5) Horizontal wire antennas have maximum radiation broadside to the antenna when the operating frequency is less than 1/4 wavelength. As the frequency increases beyond 1/4 wavelength, lobes will appear in the radiation pattern with the principal lobes becoming closer to the plane of the antenna as the length increases. At all times, radiation will be of minimum at the end of the antenna. Therefore, it should be located so that the ends point in directions where communications are not required.

6) The "VEE" configuration minimizes the directivity of the horizontal antenna and is recommended for all-around coverage. In addition, the "VEE" antenna is a compromise between vertical and horizontal polarization and will give good results for communications with land or marine mobiles using vertical whip antennas.

7) The antenna contains high RF voltages. All parts of the antenna and tuner should be located or protected so that there is no possibility of accidental contact.

8) The antenna should not be located next to other antenna systems.

9) The antenna should always be rigidly supported.

It will detune if it sags or sways in the wind.

The connection from the tuner to the ground must always be a small percentage of the total length of the antenna. The length of the ground strap should never exceed 1 meter, and must be made of heavy-guage wire or strap.

11) If the distance between the tuner and transceiver exceeds 35 meters it is recommended that lowloss coaxial cable be used.

10)

2-1

2.3.2 GROUND SYSTEM

The ground system is a key part of the overall antenna system and is the primary cause of poor performance whenever there is a problem with the system. The following should be observed when grounding the tuner.

2.3.2.1 VEHICLE GROUNDS

The tuner should be connected directly to the frame of the vehicle. A heavy strap should be used and the connections cleared of paint and dirt. Make sure that the grounding point is not insulated from other parts of the vehicle by nonmetalic couplings of any type.

2.3.2.2 FIXED STATION GROUNDS

In areas of high ground conductivity, an effective ground can be made with a ground rod. The rod should be approximately 3 meters in length and installed as close as possible to the tuner. It may be necessary to use several ground rods bonded together to improve the ground contact. Water pipes are sometimes recommended as grounds and may be used if the following conditions are met:

1) The pipe is close to the tuner.

2) The pipe enters the ground very close to the tuner bonding point.

3) There are no joints or couplings in the pipe that will increase the resistance path to ground.

4) The pipe enters soil with good conductivity.

5) A low resistance contact is made to the pipe.

Frequently the ground conductivity will not be sufficient to provide satisfactory operation of the tuner. This is almost certainly the case with well-drained, sandy, rocky or loamy soils, and a counterpoise must be used instead of a rod for the ground system. This is also very important in a rooftop configuration where there is no existing ground plane. The ideal ground would be a conducting surface extending several wavelengths in all directions around the antenna. On the rooftop, this situation may be approximated by placing a screen of chicken wire or mesh over the roof of the building. More frequently, a counterpoise system of radial wires must be used (at least 8 to 10 of these wires bonded together).

2.3.2.3 CORROSION

The ground connections are subject to corrosion and"~ oxidation. All joints must be clean and the hardware ~ adequately tightened. The joints may be protected by

an application of silicon grease or electrical tape.

2.4 ANTENNA TUNER MOUNTING

The tuner is mounted using the proper brackets on the case. A location should be selected immediately adjacent to the antenna feedpoint. High voltage connecting cable must be used. (RG81U cable with solid insulation may be used if the outer shielding is removed.)

2.4.1 ANTENNA CONNECTION

The antenna lead is connected to the high voltage insulator on the tuner. Two wrenches should be used when tightening the nut to prevent the stud from rotating. Voltages of several thousand volts can be present at the antenna terminal, therefore, adequate protection must be taken to prevent accidental contact. It is also necessary to insure that the antenna is spaced at least 3 em from the conducting surface. Sharp points should be avoided to prevent corona discharges.

2.5 TRANSCEIVER INTERFACE CABLE CONNECTIONS

Connections between the tuner and the associated . \ transceiver are different depending on the model used. ~

2.5.1 DESCRIPTION

The tuner comes with a memory feature and is designed to work with Transworld's R17000 transceiver to provide channel memory capability. Once the tuner has tuned the antenna on a particular channel, it remembers that tune and will automatically revert to a tuned position whenever that channel is again selected by the transceiver.

2.5.2 RAT7000 CABLING

When used with Transworld's R17000 transceiver, the cabling for the tuner is as follows:

RF Cable. C991505 is the standard length (Sm) coaxial cable that goes between the "ANTENNA" port on the radio and the input coaxial connector on the tuner.

Power/Data Cable. C991947 is a standard length cable that provides both de power and serial data to the tuner.

2-2

TABLE 2-1

RA T7000 Cabling for the RT7000.

RTIOOQ (ACC3) SIGNAL DESCRIPTION RATIOOO CONTROL
Pins X, Y Ground Pins 3, 4
Pins b, c +12 Vdc Pins 1, 2
Pin G Rx serial data (A TURX) Pin 5
PinM Tx serial data (ATURX) Pin 6 2-3

CHAPTER 3 OPERATION

3.1 TUNER OPTION

Operation of the tuner can only be done with the RTIOOO or an equivalent transceiver. The proper sequence is as follows:

1) Determine the channels to be scanned or those you want "memorized" tune settings for.

2) Select each channel in tum and go through an initial tune procedure on that channel by doing the following:

a) Press and release the tune button on the front panel of the radio.

b) The tuner will tune automatically.

3) After each channel has been tuned once, the tuner will remember the tune settings for that particular channel and automatically revert to them when that channel is selected.

4) If the tuner does not tune for any reason, the RTIOOO display will indicate "BAD TUNE." The operator should try tuning again, or check the installation. Changing the grounding of the system or varying cable lengths will often eliminate the problem.

3-1

CHAPTER 4 THEORY OF OPERATION

4.1 GENERAL

The "7000" tuner is a conventional tuner in the sense that it uses a standard tuning network whose elements are switched in and out of the RF path by relays. All operations are microprocessor controlled with RF detectors providing the "sense" information that drives the tuning algorithm.

4.2 TUNING NETWORK

The tuner uses switched capacitors and inductors to form different networks in order to match a given impedance to 50 ohms. It follows a rather basic set of ground rules in doing this:

1) The tuner uses a simple "L" network to achieve both reactance cancellation and up or down impedance transformation. If impractical values are needed for the "L" network, it defaults to a "PI" configuration.

2) For impedance down transformations, an input capacitance maximum of 3150 picofarads, in 50 pF binary increments is available, together with a maximum inductance of approximately 69 uH in binary increments of 260 nH. For impedance up transformations, the same inductor increments are available, with an output capacitance maximum of 775 pF in 25 pF binary increments are available.

3) The "PI" configuration uses a restricted combination of the above values.

4) A determination of the input frequency restricts the maximum values that any network component may assume, so that tuning routines differ with frequency.

4.3 CONTROL CIRCUITRY

All automatic tuning is under the control of V5, a Motorola 68HC71103 microprocessor. The processor directly controls the network elements, sending serial data to the three high level relay drivers VI, V2, and U3. When the appropriate serial string has been sent, all three devices are simultaneously strobed to lock in the data until updated. All relays are fitted with "kickback" diodes, both to eliminate the inductive voltage generated on switch-off, and to cushion the relay settling time to avoid contact bounce.

Frequency measurement of the incoming RF is made by prescaling the input frequency by 4096, and measur-

"'" ing the duration of a full cycle of the prescaled output. \. "This information is used to modify the network selec-

tion so that inductance and capacitance limits are appropriate for the frequency involved.

Functioning as a quad comparator, U10 is used to translate the relatively small analog outputs of the measuring systems to essentially digital responses suitable for the processor.

4.4 RF DETECTORS

All tuning decisions are made on the basis of measurements made on a "go/no go" basis of certain parameters by the RF detector circuits. These decisions are also generally made in a certain order as shown below:

1) Is the tuner receiving RF power?

2) Is the antenna already 50-ohms resistive, or the

tuner tuned?

3) Is the antenna inductive or capacitive?

4) Is the impedance less than 50 ohms?

5) Is the SWR much greater than approximately a 2 to 1 ratio?

6) Is the SWR less than approximately a 2 to 1 ratio?

The above measurements are made by the impedance, phase, and SWR system, comprising T2, a dual voltage transformer, and TI, a dual current transformer, together with balanced mixer MXl.

4.4.1 PHASE DETECTOR

The phase determination is made by comparing in the balanced mixer, MX1, the current-derived voltage from T1 with the diode limited, phase shifted, voltage sample obtained from the RF input port via C66. The polarity of the connection to the mixer is such that an inductive impedance seen by the tuner generates a negative output at the inverting input of U10A, giving an inductive load signal to the processor.

4.4.2 IMPEDANCE MAGNITUDE DETECTOR

The impedance decision is made by combining the opposing polarity de voltages generated by diodes 023 and 021 whose inputs are voltage and current derived, respectively, in such a fashion that at 50 ohms impedance the outputs cancel. If a lower impedance exists, then a negative voltage sum occurs, this is fed to the inverting input of U10B, giving a positive output to the processor which gives a "lower than 50 ohms" signal.

4.4.3 VSWR DETECTORS

Coarse and fine SWR indications are given by U100 and UIDC respectively. The outputs of a voltage sample from T2 and a current-derived voltage sample from T1

4-1

are amplitude and phase combined in such a fashion that a voltage proportional to the forward power occurs at the junction of T2 (lead 3) and Tl (lead 6). Likewise a voltage proportional to the reflected power occurs at lead 4 of T2. Both of these voltages are rectified in a positive sense by 020 an 022. Inverting inputs of comparators VI00 and VIDC are fed a sample of the forward power voltage. A proportionally larger sample of the forward power voltage is fed to the coarse comparator making it less sensitive to reverse power. The reverse power voltage is routed equally to the non-inverting inputs of both coarse and fine SWR comparators. The overall effect is to achieve one comparator which responds to SWR's in the vicintity of a 2 to 1 ratio and one considerably less sensitive. This arrangement also has the effect to a large extent of making the SWR indication independent of power level, which is desirable, since the detectors are in circuit at all times.

4.5 MEMORY FEATURE

The memory feature provides a non-volatile memory to store both channel numbers where entered from the radio or external computer, and the element combinations associated with those channel numbers. The storage of element combinations is automatic and is related to frequency, with more memory locations being allocated for lower frequencies, because the impedance changes, particularly for short antennas, are much more rapid in that frequency area.

The tuner is equipped with a bi-directional serial port, using 2-wire, RS485 protocol, suitable for interfacing~. with a suitably equipped transceiver or computer. A number of functions may be performed via this port which are otherwise not available in the standard tuner.

The major function available is the assignment and storage of channel numbers for various frequencies for which the tuner has been tuned. Subsequent channel numbers sent to the tuner then preselect the tuning elements, so that the tuner is already tuned prior to the application of RF. This function has ready application

in path evaluation and selection systems where scan rates of approximately five channels per second are in

use.

Associated with the MC68HCll03 in the memory feature are:

1) An external 512K ROM, V7.

2) The address/data multiplexer, V4.

3) The address decoder, V8.

4) The electrically erasable memory, V6.

An RS485 serial port is also needed in the associated transceiver and all traffic is sent out at 9600 baud.

4-2

CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE

5.1 GENERAL

The "7000" tuner is a single circuit board system based on the Motorola 68HC711D3 microprocessor. It has no internal harnessing, and all circuitry is contained on the one board.

5.2 ALIGNMENT

The tuner has been thoroughly tested at the factory. It has no alignment points and requires no adjustment during setup. Because of this, any failure that is experienced cannot be blamed on the unit being "out of alignment." If a failure should occur it will most likely be a "hard" failure of a component.

5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING

The following are some simple troubleshooting hints in case of equipment failure.

5.3.1 INSPECTION

Should a failure occur, the interior of the tuner should be carefully checked. Look for signs of heating, arcing, or mechanical damage. The tuner is designed to handle specified RF power levels without having heating or

4JII"t\. arcing problems. If these signs are present, and the , 'tuner was being operated normally, then the cause is probably dirt or moisture. Before making repairs, clean out the case and dry it thoroughly with warm, dry air. Check the case seals before reassembly.

5.3.2 POOR TUNING PERFORMANCE

There can be many causes for poor performance, but relay damage should probably be one of the first considerations. Although the relays used in the tuner have been selected for extended life and have MTBF's of over one million operations, they are stilI the components most likely to require service. A faulty relay generally manifests itself in poor tuning performance. Relay and relay driver operation should be verified if consistantly poor tunes are being achieved.

5.3.3 INITIALIZATION PROBLEMS

If the tuner does not initiate and run through a tune cycle when an RF signal is applied, then either the VSWR is "good" or there is a problem. Check to see that the processor is receiving the interrupt signal, and if the RF and VSWR signals are being received.

A brief description of what happens prior to the tuning operation could probably assist in the troubleshooting if ~ there appears to be a problem in starting the tune sc\. "quence.

Power Up. When the dc power is first applied; the processor clears a block of on-board RAM, initializes itself to use either on-board or external ROM, initializes the serial port and various other registers, sends out serial data to all relays to remove all inductors and capacitors from circuit, and, if the memory option is installed, sends an acknowledgement via the RS485 port to the radio or computer that it has completed the above operation. The processor then goes into a "wait" condition.

Tune Initialization. The Tuner requires a tune signal from the radio to tune an antenna. In addition, the presence of RF at the input terminal generates a microprocessor interrupt, which checks for the continued presence of RF and does a "go/no go" check for VSWR. If it is less than a 2 to 1 ratio, no further action is taken and the processor reverts to the "wait" state.

If this check shows a high VSWR, the tuner initiates a tune sequence (described below). The Phase, Impedance, and VSWR measurement systems remain in circuit at all times and are not switched out after the system is tuned.

Tune Sequence. If an initial capacitive condition is detected, inductors will be switched in to achieve an inductive indication at the processor. Since the inititial capacitive condition is indicative of an electrically short antenna, a low impedance would be expected. Input capacitance is therefore switched in and the impedance checked. Adjustment of the UC ratio while keeping the system resonant continues until a better than 2 to 1 SWR is obtained.

The reverse situation occurs when an inductive condition is initially detected. Since this condition is an indication of an antenna that is "electrically too long," a high impedance is the initial assumption. Accordingly, output capacitance is added until a capacitive condition is obtained. Inductance is then added to achieve resonance. As before the UC ratio is adjusted while maintaining resonance, until a 2 to 1 or better SWR is obtained.

At frequencies above 20 MHz the practical values of inductor are likely to be at most the four smallest inductors, giving only 16 possible values, resulting in reduced resolution in this range.

To give more resolution, a parallel inductor, L5, is switched in under software control every second time the instruction to change inductor value is called. This results in interpolation of inductor values, giving increased resolution in that frequency range.

5-1

5.4 TROUBLESHOOTING AIDES

Figure 5-1 is a component location diagram indicating the placement of all the designated parts, Figure 5-2 is a wiring diagram and Figure 5-3 is a schematic diagram of the tuner and Table 5-1 is a list of parts for the tuner. These should be used for any troubelshooting operations along with the theory of operation discussed in Section 4.

5.5 MEMORY FEATURE

The tuner has provision for the following features which are incorporated in the memory.

1) A 64 kilobyte non-volatile memory which stores the network component values for the memory channels. The memory also stores 3-digit channel numbers to tuned channels, if numbers are assigned prior to the tune operation.

2) A bi-directional RS485 serial port, running at 9600 baud, enables communication with the TW7000 radio or a computer. This enables the preselection of tuned channels, from the abovementioned memory, together with other functions.

This bi-directional port gives automatic responses

for the following conditions which can be control- ,

led and monitored by an external computer for. } test purposes. '-"

a) Tuner power has been switched on.

b) Tuner has achieved tune.

c) A channel number has been requested.

d) The information at that channel number has been updated.

e) No tune achieved, tune aborted for approximately three seconds.

Upon serial port request from the radio/computer, the tuner will indicate the channel number currently stored (if any) and assign a channel number or erase the entire memory. If already assigned, the network components will be selected.

5-2

This page intentionaUy Ieit blank

5-3

FIGURE 5-1.

Component Locations, RAT7000.

5-4

Rf IN

RT7H0

CABLE C9919't7 ACCS

TW7H0

CABLE C991922 Aces

003-00002 peBO ASSY

AT/RAT7000

FIGURE5-l.

Wiring Diagram, RAT7000.

5-5

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2 CAPACITANCE IS IN MICROFARADS 1 RESISTANCE IS IN OHMS

NOTES' UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

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R'll

.'2

FIGURES-3.

Schematic Diagram, RAT7000.

5-7

TABLE 5-1.

Parts List, RAT7000.

Rll, R12, R13, R14,R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R2, R22, R3, R4, R5, R6, R63, R7, R8, R9

R21f R50, R57, R58

R25, R30, R32, R36, R38, R42, R44, R45, R53, R54

R29, R46

R52

R64

R26, R37 R28, R55

R27, R41, R65 R51, R66

R62

R47, R48, R49, R59, R60 R61

R43, R56 R23, R24

C13, C14, C18, C19 C15, C16, C20, C21 C12

C17

C76

C66

R20

C1

C2

C103, C104

Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5 C109

Cll

C6,C7

C8

C7

C10

124100

124101 124103

124104 124105 124151 124183 124222 124273 124332 124334 124472 124102 124562 154470 212101 212201 212470 212560 220070 220150 144150 220220 220270 221270 224101 210100 224102 224201 224331 224471 224621

RES, 10 OHM 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, 100 OHM l/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 10K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, lOOK 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 1M 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, 150 OHM l/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 18K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, 2.2K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 27K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, 3.3K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 330K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 4.7K l/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 1K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM

RES, 5.6K 1/4W 5% CARBON FILM RES, 47 OHM 2W 5% FILM

CAP, 100PF 3KV DISC

CAP, 200 PF 3KV DISC

CAP, 47 PF 5KV DISC

CAP, 56PF 3KV DISC

CAP, 7PF DM15 MICA

CAP, 15PF DM15 MICA

RES, 15 OHM 1 W METAL FILM CAP, 22PF DM15 MICA

CAP, 27PF 5% DM15 MICA

CAP, 27PF DM5 MICA CAPACITOR 100PF DM19 MICA CAP, 10 PF DISC NPO

CAP, 1000PF DM19 MICA

CAP, 200PF DM19 MICA

CAP, 330PF DM19 MICA

CAP, 470PF DM19 MICA

CAP, 620PF MICA DM19

5-9

TABLE 5-1.

Parts List, RAT7000 (continued).

C69

CI07, C70, C71 CI08, C85

C23

C22

ClOO, CIOI, C102, C95,C96, C97, C98, C99

CI05, C106, CS4, C91

C111, C113, C114, C115, C116, C24, C26, C28, C30, C32, C34, C37,\ C38, C40, C44, C46, C49, C50, C53, C55, C57, C58, C60, C77, C78, CSO, C81, C86, CS7, . C89, C90, C93, C94

C113, C114, C62, C63, C64, C65, C68, C72, C73, C74, C75, C79 .

C110, C25, C27, C29, C31, C33, C35, C36, C39, C41, C43, C45, C51, C52, C54, C56, C59, C61, C67, C48

Ql,Q2

D20, D21, D22, D23, D24, D25, D26, D27

D1, D10, Dll, D12, D13, D14, DI~ Dl~ Dl~ D1~ D1~ D~ D3, D31, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9

D32

D30

'U6

U9

UI0

Ul1

U1, U2, U3 U13

U4

** DESIGNATOR NOT LISTED U12, U13

Y1

MXl

254104 CAP, O.lMF l00V MYLAR
230100 CAP, 10MF 35V ELECT
230202 CAP, 2000MF 16V ELECT
236101 CAP, 100MF 25V ELECT AXL
257104 CAP O.lMF 250V POLY
241020 CAP, 2.2MF DIP TANTALUM
241100 CAP, 10MF DIP TANTALUM
CAP, ML 1000PF X7R AXIAL 10~ .'
277102 277103

CAP, ML 0.01 UFAXIAL X7R 10%

310064 XISTOR, NPN DARL T092 2N6427 )
320002 DIODE, SI 100MA 1N414811N4150
320101 DIODE, SI 1A 600V RECT 1N4oo5
320103 DIODE, SI 3A 50V 1N5400
320411 LED RECTANGLE, RED
330501 IC 28C64 EPROM
330015 ICMC7805CT
330030 IC LM324N
330105 IC MC12015P
330384 IC, UCN5821A 8 BIT LATCHED DVR
330392 IC, 75176A BUS XCVR
330429 IC, 74HC373N OCTA D TYPE LATCH
330397 IC, MC33064 UNDERVOLT SENSING
330503: IC MC14024B
360027 CRYSTAL MICROPROCESSOR 4.9152MHZ
380007 MIXER, SCM1L .)))
, 5-10

277104

CAP, ML O.IUFAXIAL X7R 10% 50V

TABLE 5-1.

Parts List, RAT7000 (continued).

Lll,Ll2 430040 INDUCTOR 100 UH AXIAL LEAD
LlO 4592BO IND ASSY 35T#20A WG 1-490014
Ll 459300 AIR COIL .26UH RA 1'7000
L2 459301 AIR COIL .53UH RAT7000
L3 459302 AIR COIL l.06UH RA 1'7000
L4,LS 459303 AIR COIL 2.12UH RAT7000
L6 459304 AIR COIL 4.25UH RA 1'7000
L7 459305 AIR COIL B.5UH RAT7000
L8 459306 AIR COIL 17UH RAT7000
L9 459307 AIR COIL 34UH RA 1'7000
Tl 45930B XFMR ASSY RA 1'7000 CURRENT DUAL
T2 459309 XFMR ASSY RAT7000 VOLTAGE DUAL
Kl, KI0, Kll, K12, K13, K14, 540301 RELAY SPST JRIAFDC12V AROMAT
K15, K2, K3, K4, K6, K7,
K16, K17, KIB, K19, K20, KS, KB, 540302 RELAY 2PST RA 1'7000
K9
** DESIGNATOR NOT LISTED 550041 FUSE, MIDGET 3AMP 125VOLT GMA
J1 614025 CONN, RF FEMALE-VERTICAL
U5 003-00033 AT/RA 1'7000 PROCESSOR EPROM
U7 003-00022 AT/RAT7000 MEMORY EPROM
UB 003-00044 AT/RAT7000 DECODER U8 5-11

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