Digitization of cadastral
maps, its integration with
computerized R-O-R data
and launching of Bhu – Chitra
For CITIZENS
[AS IMPLEMENTED IN WEST BENGAL]
Details of presentation
• Brief on rich tradition of cadastral mapping in West
Bengal
• Digitisation of Cadastral Map
• Computerised services to citizens
• Integrating RoR database with its digitized maps
• Single window mutation service on registration-
status
• Achievements
Cadastral mapping & Land
Records
• First series of cadastral survey (CS) to prepare village
maps & land records covering State, undertaken &
completed during District Survey & Settlement Operations
of 1888 - 1940
• Revisional Settlement (RS) Operation of CS maps &
records conducted during 1954 – 1962
• LR settlement operation to update RS maps & records was
started in 1972 and is nearing completion.
Maps are prepared first & then the RORs
Existing LR cadastral maps
in West Bengal
• Mauza(Revenue village) wise map sheets
containing 1000/1200 plots in big size 120
GSM paper [A0 (84cm X 119cm)/A1
(84cmX59cm) size]
• 68,321 map sheets mostly in scale 1:3960
and rest in bigger scale 1:1980 or 1:990
• Covers all 42042 Mouzas of the State
Computerization of Land
Records & maps - status
• Digital keeping of ROR legalised by the
State in the year 2000
• Manual certified copy of ROR banned &
strictly discontinued
• Employees trained to operate the
software to carry out daily business
Computerization of Land Records &
maps -status
• Started in West Bengal during 1986-87 with
active involvement of NIC, West Bengal .
• NIC developed software, named BHUMI in
1989 & its subsequent numerous versions-
latest being BHUCHITRA
• All 36.70 million ROR records are digitally
available. 45079 out of 68321 map sheets are
digitised & integrated with RORs
• Digital ROR maintained, updated and
provided to citizens from all 341 Blocks of WB
Computerised services delivered
to Citizens/Departments
• Certified Copies of RORs
• Plot information
• Plot map (BHUCHITRA) in A4 size paper
• Digital data also provided to other
Government Departments.
• All these are paid services with nominal
charges
Data Updation & On-line Mutation
• Updation of land records taken up in 2008-09 and till
date 69 (of 341) blocks covered
• Computerised ROR is made at par with the paper
ROR and no further correction/operation on paper
ROR allowed
• Paper based Mouza volumes are sealed and
subsequent corrections/operations done on digital
data using BHUCHITRA software
• Entire work targeted to be completed by Dec 2010
considering that the work is complex, time
consuming and requires 100% checking
REASONS FOR DIGITISATION OF MAPS
• Printed cadastral maps are in A0 size paper and are
difficult to handle and preserve.
• Number of maps printed is not in large numbers and
are not easily available to public.
• Problem of storage of these maps in block offices.
Locating a particular map also takes lot of time.
• Problem of printing of maps can also be solved by
digitization of maps.
• About 15,000 maps found mutilated or torn which is a
hindrance in preparation of LR maps. This problem
effectively overcome by using map digitization
technique
Details of Digitisation
• Digitization of cadastral maps and their
integration with text Record of Rights
(ROR) data is a very complex and technical
work
• Cadastral map Digitisation calls for a very
high level of accuracy
• Digitization of map done in 3 Geographical
layers i.e. in point, line, area to capture all
features in the existing map.
Details of Digitisation
• Each plot of land is digitized as a polygon and plot
numbers, symbols, etc. depicted on the map.
• Digitised plots (polygons) updatable based on field
measurements
• Software for digitization of map, its integration with R-
O-R data developed by NIC, West Bengal.
• Scheme of digitization of maps initially approved by
State Govt. in 2007-08 and later approved & fully
funded by Govt. of India.
Digitization
Digitization is a process by which
Raster Image is converted to a
Vector Map
A Digitized GIS Ready Map – Line Work
Components of a GIS ready Map.
A Map is represented in different Layers, in a GIS ready
map. All spatial and non spatial features are represented in
different layers.
Representation of Map
The most common representation of a map is by using
vector data, that consists of points, line and polygons.
Line Layer
Line is stored by the sequence of first and
last point together with the associated
properties
Area layer (Polygon)
Polygon is represented by a closed sequence
of lines. Unlike line or poly-line (sequence of
lines), polygon is always closed. That is, the
first point is equal to the last point.
Map Digitization Process
1. Accurate scanning of paper map
2. Vectorization of scanned Map from RASTER format.
3. Building the layers for the Complete map for different map
and non map features.
4. Converting each layer to GIS ready map format. (SHAPE
file format).
5. Checking of HARD Copy of the line work submitted by the
Agency with the Original Map.
6. Checking of SOFT COPY of the map with the
specifications.
7. Composing the Map and checking the final plotted map
from the soft copy with the original map
Role of Agency
1. Scanning of map Sheets
2. Digitizing the sheets in various layers (area, line & point)
3. Attaching respective plot number to each polygon
(vectorised plots)
4. Providing digitized data in *.shp format (all layers)
5. Providing non-map features in different *.gif formats
(images)
6. Providing one hardcopy for one – to- one matching with the
original
Responsibility of the Directorate
Stringent checking of work of the agency to
identify any digitization errors, if any, for
its correction by the agency
COMPOSITION OF a MAP sheet in its
final form from all the files (more or less 36
in all) delivered by the agency
Printing of final map on A0/A1 size paper
for final verification using glass table
SCANNING OF MAP sheets
SCANNING ERRORS
SCANNING ERROR MAY COME FROM
POOR PAPER QUALITY
FOLDING OF MAPS
VARIABLE THICKNESS OF PAPERS
DUST ABSORBED IN PAPER
AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
Dust Should Be Cleaned From Map
Maps Should Be Kept In A Flat Position With A
Pressure On It, So That to avoid Error Due To
Folding Of Maps
As Per Variable Thickness Of Papers, Maps may be
sorted in different Categories And Setting of
Scanner Roller may be adjusted suitably for each
categories.
AVOIDING SCANNING ERROR
Map Should Be Scanned In A Calibrated Scanner
The Scanning Should Be At Least In 300 Dpi
Mode
A Good Practice To Take A Raster Printing
Before Digitizing It, but one should think about
the cost
DIGITIZATION of Line Works
Any Raster To Vector Conversion Software Like
Auto Cad Overlay, R2v Etc May Be Used
Maps Can Be Digitized Using Automatic Or Semi-
automatic Or Manual Mode
During Digitization Raster Should Be Zoomed And
The Line Width During Digitization Should Be At
Least Six Times Of The Original
DIGITIZATION of LINE WORKS
Digitize The Line In Such A Way That Each Plot Should
Form A Closed Polygon. In That Way It Will Generate The
Area Of The Plot
A Good Practice is to set Map In 1:1 Scale And Digitizing
In Manual Mode only
ERROR DETECTION PROCEDURE
Hard Copy Checking :
By taking a print copy from calibrated Plotter and
its one to one matching with the original One using
glass table
Soft Copy Checking :
Auto checking of individual digitally calculated
plot area with its maually calculated value available
in ROR
Error Checking Procedure Using
customised NIC Developed Software
1. Compare the digitized mouza area with the
Total area recorded in the JL of that mouza
with the tolerance of 0.50% up to area of 500
acres and 0.25% for areas above 500 acres.
2. Compare each digitize plot area with the data
recorded in ROR with the tolerance as per
provision in the technical manual of survey.
Total Area Matching
Here the total
digitized area is
showing 141.53 Acres
where as it is
recorded in JL as
141.12 Acres
Each & Every Plot Area Checking
Here the red marking
plots are erroneous.
The count showing the
erroneous plots are 37
in number.
Generating digital map from 36
files (composed map)
After Receiving Error Free Digitized Data following
Processes are Required
COMPOSITION OF all 32 files to create finished
MAPS WITH ALL ALAMATS & NON-MAP
FEATURES (Using NIC-Developed Software)
PLOTTING OF MAPS
COMPOSITION OF MAPS
TO COMPOSE A MAP IT NEEDS
DIGITIZED PLOT BOUNDARIES
INCLUSION OF 54/92 NON-MAP FEATURES
WHEREVER IT WAS IN ORIGINAL MAP
INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS
INCLUSION OF TEXT IN UNICODE FORMAT
INCLUSION OF AUTHENTICATION SEAL, LEGEND,
BATA PLOT INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF
IMAGE
92 ALAMATHS
TO REPRESENT ALL THE NON-MAP FEATURES ON A
MAP, DIRECTORATE OF LAND RECORDS & SURVEYS
SELECTED 92 SYMBOLS. SOME OF THE SYMBOLS ARE
IN-SITU (LIKE BUILDING) AND SOME OF THOSE ARE
NOT IN-SITU (LIKE COCONUT TREE, KUCHA BUILDING
ETC)
TO REPRESENT ALL THE SYMBOLS IN A MAP
FURTHER IT NEEDS THE POSITION ,WHICH IS TO BE
DIGITIZED
92 ALAMATHS
DIGITIZATION SHOULD BE IN THE FORM OF
LINE (THAT IS FOR RIVER, RAILWAY LINE,
ROADS, PONDSIDE ETC)
AREA (THAT IS FOR BUILDING WHICH ARE IN-
SITU, PAN BOROZE ETC)
POINT (THAT IS FOR TRAVERSE STATION,
TREE POSITION, TELEGRAPH POST ETC)
INCLUSION OF PLOT NUMBERS
TO DEPICT THE PLOT NUMBER AT EACH PLOT IT
NEEDS TO GENERATE THE CENTROID OF EACH
PLOT FROM THE AREA LAYER OF THE DIGITIZED
DATA.
ANY GIS TOOL MAY BE USED FOR THIS INCLUSION.
UNICODE FONT MAY BE USED TO GET THE PLOT
NUMBERS IN THE FORM OF LOCAL LANGUAGE.
FINISHED DIGITAL MAP
Quality Control
AGENCY
NO
NO NO
JOB in HARD Copy Soft Copy Alamat
OK ? OK ? OK ?
Queue Checking Checking (*.shp) Checking
Yes Yes
Stage-III
Stage-I Stage-II
Yes
DIRECTORATE
BHUCHITRA
Integrated Service involving Map
& ROR
What is Bhuchitra?
• Shown above is a map of a single plot with dimensions
in A-4 size along with adjoining plots
Main menu of the BHUCHITRA Software
INTEGRATION OF TEXT & SPATIAL DATA
BHUCHITRA software LINE, AREA &
POINT LAYER
OF PLOT &
MOUZA
BOUNDARY
ROR Database SYMBOL
DB
SPATIAL DB
ALAMAT
INFORMATION
DB
IMAGE DB
ROR DATABASE
Interface to select a particular Mouza
Digitised Mouza Map
Zoomed in view of a digital Mouza map
Integrated Map with ROR data
Searching a plot on a map
Plots in a specific range of area
Plots of a specific classification
Plots under Barga
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WB
All 222 out of 237
Registration
offices
computerised
where registration
is completed on
the same day
using CORD &
DOCUNIC
software
developed by NIC
Sri Asim Dasgupta, Finance Minister inaugurating Srirampur office
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WB
continued…..
Formar Finance Secretary Sri
Samar Ghosh inaugurating Janai
Office
Realisation of NLRMP vision- status of WB
continued….
• All 341 Block Land offices are
computerised where computerised certified
ROR, plot information service provided
• Data sharing and process re-engineering
between two departments (L&LR and
Finance ) has been finalized to automate
mutation on registration
• NIC started developing the software to
integrate BHUCHITRA with CORD to provide
single window mutation service to citizen
Benefits of Integration of
digitized map with R-O-R data
• Providing BhuChitra to the public in A-4 size
paper.
• To study various aspects of R-O-R and map
data like extraction of plot area, area under
Barga cultivation, Govt. lands, agriculture,
water bodies, etc.
• Useful in rectifying the discrepancies that
may exist for a particular plot area in the
R-O-R and map by ground truthing.
ACHIEVEMENTS
• Till date out of 68321 maps 45,079 maps
digitized.
• Updation of land records completed in
69 Blocks & in progress in 40 Blocks
• Integration of digitised maps and ROR
data completed for 44500 sheets
• Service of BHUCHITRA launched for the
public.
LIVE DEMO OF BHU-CHITRA
THANK YOU
