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    1 Rectangular Notch

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    Ashlin Augusty
    This document describes an experiment to calibrate a rectangular notch weir and plot characteristic curves. The experiment involves measuring the actual discharge (Qa) of water passing through the notch weir at different heads (H) and calculating the theoretical discharge (Qt) based on notch dimensions. The coefficient of discharge (Cd) is determined by taking the ratio of Qa/Qt. A graph of log(Qa) vs log(H) is plotted from which the calibration constants K and n can be determined from the slope and y-intercept. Samples calculations are provided to illustrate the procedure.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1 Rectangular Notch

    Uploaded by

    Ashlin Augusty
    9K views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to calibrate a rectangular notch weir and plot characteristic curves. The experiment involves measuring the actual discharge (Qa) of water passing through the notch weir at different heads (H) and calculating the theoretical discharge (Qt) based on notch dimensions. The coefficient of discharge (Cd) is determined by taking the ratio of Qa/Qt. A graph of log(Qa) vs log(H) is plotted from which the calibration constants K and n can be determined from the slope and y-intercept. Samples calculations are provided to illustrate the procedure.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document describes an experiment to calibrate a rectangular notch weir and plot characteristic curves. The experiment involves measuring the actual discharge (Qa) of water passing through the notch weir at different heads (H) and calculating the theoretical discharge (Qt) based on notch dimensions. The coefficient of discharge (Cd) is determined by taking the ratio of Qa/Qt. A graph of log(Qa) vs log(H) is plotted from which the calibration constants K and n can be determined from the slope and y-intercept. Samples calculations are provided to illustrate the procedure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9K views4 pages

    1 Rectangular Notch

    Uploaded by

    Ashlin Augusty
    This document describes an experiment to calibrate a rectangular notch weir and plot characteristic curves. The experiment involves measuring the actual discharge (Qa) of water passing through the notch weir at different heads (H) and calculating the theoretical discharge (Qt) based on notch dimensions. The coefficient of discharge (Cd) is determined by taking the ratio of Qa/Qt. A graph of log(Qa) vs log(H) is plotted from which the calibration constants K and n can be determined from the slope and y-intercept. Samples calculations are provided to illustrate the procedure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The key takeaways are to calibrate a rectangular notch by plotting characteristic curves such as discharge vs head and coefficient of discharge vs head. This will help determine constants in the calibration equation relating discharge and head.

    The objective of the experiment is to calibrate the given rectangular notch and to plot characteristic curves such as discharge vs head, coefficient of discharge vs head, and log of discharge vs log of head.

    The procedure to calibrate the rectangular notch involves setting up the notch in an open channel, measuring the initial and final water levels for different flow rates using a pointer gauge, calculating the actual discharge using a measuring tank, and recording the readings in a tabular format.

    RECTANGULAR NOTCH

    OBJECTIVE
    To calibrate the given rectangular notch and to plot the following
    characteristic curves

    1 Qa Vs H

    2 Cd Vs H

    3 Log(Qa) Vs log H

    THEORY

    In open channel flows, weirs are commonly used to either regulate or to


    measure the volumetric flow rate. A rectangular notch consists of a thin metallic plate
    placed across a channel so that water flows over it with a free surface. The
    rectangular notch is the most commonly used thin plate weir. The flow pattern over a
    notch or weir is complex and there is no analytical solution to the relationship
    between discharge and head so that a semi-empirical approach has to be used.

    The coefficient of discharge Cd is defined as the ratio of actual discharge obtained


    experimentally to the theoretical discharge. i.e,
    Cd = Qac/Qth
    Calibration is the validation of specific measurement techniques and equipment. It is
    the comparison between measurements of known magnitude made with one device
    and another measurement made in an as similar way as possible with a second
    device. In order to use any device for measurement it is necessary to empirically
    calibrate them. That is, here in this case pass a known discharge through the notch
    and note the reading in order to provide a standard for measuring other quantities in
    a different location. Provided, the standard mechanics of construction are followed
    and no further calibration is required for a similar second device with same
    geometry. The calibration equation is stated as,
    Qac = K x hn
    Where, h is the head above crest, K and n are constants depending on the geometry
    of the notch.
    Taking logarithm on both sides we get,
    log Qa = log K + n log h

    which is the equation of a straight line, where log k is the y intercept and n is
    its slope. The graph log Qac Vs. log h is to be plotted to find k and n.

    EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
    The given notch fitted on an open channel of the experiment setup, pointer
    gauge to measure the water level over the crest of the notch and measuring tank.
    Using the stop watch and measuring tank the actual discharge is calculated.

    PROCEDURE
    1. Note the sill level (initial water level) using the pointer gauge when there is no
    discharge.
    2.The inlet valve is gradually opened and water is allowed to flow through the open
    channel. Allow the flow to become steady and uniform.
    3. Under steady flow condition, adjust the pointer gauge to touch the new water level
    and note down the reading.
    4. Note the time taken for a predetermined rise in level of water in the collecting tank.
    5. Repeat the above procedure for different flow rates by adjusting the inlet
    valve opening and tabulate the readings.

    RESULT

    INFERENCE
    SAMPLE CALCULATION

    1 Head (H)
    Sill level reading (h1)=
    = sill level reading-final reading
    Final reading (h2) =
    = h1 – h 2

    = m of water

    2 Actual Discharge (Qa)

    Qa = AR/t Cross sectional area of tank(A)=

    = Rise in level(R)=

    Time for rise(t)=


    =

    = m3/s

    3 Theoretical Discharge

    Qt = 2/3 B √(2g)x H3/2


    Width of notch (B)=

    acceleration due to gravity(g)=

    Head(H)=
    =

    = m3/s

    4 Coefficient of discharge

    Cd = Qa/Qt

    = Actual Discharge (Qa) =

    Theoretical Discharge (Qt) =


    5 From graph
    Slope n=

    log K =

    K=

    
    Cd = 
      
    

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