SHELL Scripting

Objectives
Introduction to Shell
Types of Shell
Shell Overview with examples
Aliases
Numeric Comparisons

By:- Kunal Chhajed

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 What is SHELL…?
Definition:-
The shell is a program that takes your commands
from the keyboard and gives them to the operating
system to perform OR
The shell is the layer of programming that
understands and executes the commands a
user enters. In some systems, the shell is
called a command interpreter.

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 The SHELL

The UNIX user interface is called the shell.

The shell does 4 jobs repeatedly:

display
prompt
read execute
command the shell command

process
command
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 Types of SHELL
Bourne Shell
Developed by Steve Bourne at AT & T

Korn Shell
Developed by David Korn at AT & T

C Shell
Developed by Bill Joy for Berkeley Unix

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 Korn Shell
Aliases – it allows shorthand command
History – Lets you recall previously command
history
Editing – Allows you to edit commands in vi
style
Support Regular Expressions
Highly robust secured features
Increased Speed of Shell Command Execution

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 Shell Overview
Shell commands can be grouped into a file and
executed once
Shell Provides Control flow:-
1) if – then elif then fi
2) while do done
3) for do done
4)case esec
5) functions
6) exit
7) break

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 Shell Examples…
1) #!/bin/sh //simple example
echo “Hello World “

2) #!/bin/sh // use of variable

echo What is your name?
read MY_NAME // script pauses to take input
echo “My name is $MY_NAME "

Where to use Variables ?

a) Setting Pathnames
$ mypath = ‘actimize/gms/scripts/gaurav/Kunal’
$ cd $mypath; pwd

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b) Concatenating Variables and String
myfile = foo; ext = .c

file = $base$ext // concatenation works here

cc –o $base $file // creates executable foo from foo.c

Also file = $base’.c’

c) Command Substitution
$ mydir=`pwd` echo $mydir

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 Interactive Version – Using Variables

#!/bin/sh
echo “Enter the pattern to be searched: “
read pname
echo “Enter the file to be used: ”
read flname
echo “Searching Pattern $pname from $flname”
grep “$pname” $flname
echo “Finished Successfully”

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 Special Parameters Used by Shell
Shell Parameter Significance
$1, $2,… Positional Parameter representing command line
arguments

$# Number of arguments specified in cmd line

$0 Name of executed command

$* Complete set of positional parameters as a string

$? Exit status of last command

$$ PID of current Shell

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 Example
#!/bin/sh
echo “Program: $0”
echo “The number of arguments specified is $#”
echo “The arguments are $*”
grep “$1” $2
echo “Done…!!!”

Output:-
$ sample.sh manager emp.lst
Program: sample.sh
The number of arguments specified is 2
The arguments are manager emp.lst
// display records

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 Continued…
3) #!/bin/sh // use of loop
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 do
echo "Looping ... number $i" done

4) #!/bin/sh // while
INPUT_STRING=hello
while["$INPUT_STRING" != "bye" ]
do echo "Please type something (bye to quit)"
read INPUT_STRING
echo "You typed: $INPUT_STRING" done

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 Continued…
5) #!/bin/sh // case
echo "Please talk to me ..."
while :
do read INPUT_STRING
case $INPUT_STRING
in hello) echo "Hello yourself!" ;;
bye) echo "See you again!" break ;;
*) echo "Sorry, I don't understand" ;;
esac
done
echo "That's all folks!"

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 output
$ ./talk.ksh
Please talk to me ...
Hello // user types
Hello yourself!
what do you think of politics?
Sorry, I don't understand
bye
See you again!
That's all folks!
$

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 Continued…
6)
#!/bin/sh // use of function
myfunc() {
echo "I was called as : $@“
x=2
}

### Main script starts here

echo "Script called”
x=1
echo "x is $x"
myfunc 1 2 3 // arguments passed to function
X=2
echo "x is $x"

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 ALIASES
alias command = value
• Creates a pseudonym for a command.
• Try:
alias printk="echo "
printk "hello"

unalias command
Removes an alias created with alias.

alias -p
• Prints list of aliases.

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Numeric Comparison
-eq – Equal to
-ne – Not equal to
-gt – greater than
-ge – greater than or equal to
-lt – less than
-le – less than or equal to
Examples
x=5; y=7; z=7.2
$ test $x –eq $y; echo $? // Ouput:- 1 [False]
$ test $x –lt $y; echo $? // Ouput:- 0 [True]
$ test $z –gt $y; echo $? // Ouput:- 1 [ 7.2 is not greater than 7]
$ test $z –eq $y; echo $? // Ouput:- 0 [ 7.2 is equal to 7]

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 END

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