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Amplitude Modulation: Signals

This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) and its key characteristics: 1) In AM, the peak amplitude of the modulated signal varies according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, rather than simply being added together. 2) In the time domain, the carrier signal is modulated by the modulating signal to vary its amplitude. In the frequency domain, modulation creates sidebands above and below the carrier frequency separated by the modulating frequency. 3) Removing the carrier in suppressed-carrier AM improves efficiency by a factor of 3 (4.77 dB) since most power is normally in the carrier, and removing one sideband halves the bandwidth for a 3 dB signal-to-noise improvement.

Uploaded by

Christine Ilang-Ilang
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Amplitude Modulation: Signals

This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) and its key characteristics: 1) In AM, the peak amplitude of the modulated signal varies according to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, rather than simply being added together. 2) In the time domain, the carrier signal is modulated by the modulating signal to vary its amplitude. In the frequency domain, modulation creates sidebands above and below the carrier frequency separated by the modulating frequency. 3) Removing the carrier in suppressed-carrier AM improves efficiency by a factor of 3 (4.77 dB) since most power is normally in the carrier, and removing one sideband halves the bandwidth for a 3 dB signal-to-noise improvement.

Uploaded by

Christine Ilang-Ilang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Amplitude Modulation

Signals
AM Basics
• Peak amplitude of modulated signal is
varied according to the instantaneous
amplitude of the information (modulating,
baseband) signal
• Modulating signal controls the level of the
transmitted signal: they are not simply
added together
Full-Carrier AM
AM in Time Domain
Assume sine wave modulating signal.

v(t )  ( Ec  Em sin  mt ) sin  c t


Carrier has peak voltage Ec and frequency c
Modulating signal has peak voltage Em and frequency m
Modulation Index

Em
m
Ec
v(t )  Ec (1  m sin  mt ) sin  c t
Full-Carrier AM
Overmodulation
• m must be between 0 and 1
• Distortion results for m larger than 1
• Exact type of distortion depends on
modulator circuit
Full-Carrier AM
Multiple modulating frequencies
• When there is more than one modulation
frequency, m can be found from:

2 2
mT  m1  m2  
Measuring m

Emax  Emin
m
Emax  Emin
Full-Carrier AM
AM in Frequency Domain
• Modulation leaves carrier unchanged
• Two sidebands are created, above and
below the carrier frequency
• The sidebands are separated from the carrier
by the modulating frequency
• The total bandwidth is 2fm
Sideband Voltages
• Each sideband has voltage equal to

m
Esb  Ec
2
Power in Sidebands
• Each sideband has power equal to
2
m
P1sb  Pc
4
•Total Sideband power is twice this or
2
m
Psb  Pc
2
Signal Power
• Total power in AM signal is carrier power
plus power in both sidebands

 m 2

Pt  Pc 1  
 2 
Suppressed-Carrier AM
Suppressed-Carrier Formats
• Double-sideband suppressed-carrier AM
– DSBSC
– Has two sidebands as for normal AM but
carrier is eliminated
• Single-sideband suppressed-carrier AM
– SSBSC or SSB
– Carrier and one sideband are removed
Efficiency Improvement
• Removing carrier allows all power to be in
sidebands
• Gives an efficiency improvement of at least
a factor of 3 ( 4.77 dB) because at least 2/3
of power in an AM signal is in the carrier
Suppressed-Carrier AM
Bandwidth Reduction
• The 2 AM sidebands contain the same
information
• Removing one sideband halves the
bandwidth
• If receiver bandwidth is reduced to match
this gives a S/N improvement of 2 (3 dB)
• This also uses spectrum more efficiently
Suppressed-Carrier AM
Suppressed-Carrier AM

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