Duplex Stainless Steel

EN 1.4462 – UNS S31803, S32205 - 2205

A ferritic-austenitic stainless steel General characteristics
Typical C Cr Ni Mo Others Duplex stainless steel, also referred to as a
analysis % ferritic-austenitic steel, combine many of the
EN 1.4462 0,02 22 5,7 3,1 N beneficial properties of ferritic and austenitic
steels. Due to its high content of chromium and
Delivery condition Solution annealed nitrogen, and often also molybdenum, this steel
(EN 1.4462 replaces SS 2377 –02) offer good resistance to pitting and uniform
corrosion. The duplex micro-structure contributes
Characteristic temperatures to their high strength and high resistance to stress
Temperature°C corrosion cracking. Duplex steels also have good
weldability.
Solidification range 1445-1385
Scaling temperature in air 1000
Hot forming 1200-950
Design features
Solution annealing 1020-1100 ⇒ High strength
Stress relief annealing 1020-1100 ⇒ High resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice
(max 5h)
corrosion, uniform corrosion, stress corrosion
Use in pressure vessels (-10)-300
cracking and corrosion fatigue.
⇒ Good erosion and fatigue resistance
Mechanical properties
Values for solution annealed condition acc. to EN 10272 ⇒ High energy absorption
Tensile strength Rm N/mm2 650-880 ⇒ Low thermal expansion
Proof strength Rp0,2 N/mm2 Min 450 ⇒ Good weldability
Proof strength Rp1,0 N/mm2 Min 340
Elongation A5 % Min 20
Impact energy KV20ºC J/cm2 Min 100 Corrosion resistance
-40ºC J/cm2 Min 40 Uniform corrosion
Hardness HB Max 270 Uniform corrosion is characterised by a uniform
attack on the steel surface that has come into
Physical properties contact with a corrosive medium. The corrosion
Temperature ºC 20 100 200 300
resistance is generally considered good if the
Density
corrosion attack is less than 0,1 mm/year. Due to
kg/dm3 7,8 - - - the high content of chromium EN 1.4462 offers
Modulus of elasticity excellent corrosion resistance in many media.
E kN/mm2 200 194 186 180
Intercrystalline corrosion
Mean coeff. of
therm.expansion
The duplex microstructure and the low carbon
20° C –Temp. - 13 13,5 14,0 content gives EN 1.4462 very good resistance to
10-6 K-1 α intercrystalline corrosion. The composition of the
SpecificTherm. steel ensures that austenite is reformed in the heat-
Capacity λ 15 16 17 18 affected zone after welding. The risk of
W/m °C undesirable precipitation of carbides and nitrides
Electrical Resistivity in the grain boundaries is thus minimized.
μΩm 0,80 0,85 0,90 1,00
Specific heat Stress corrosion cracking
J/kg °C 500 530 560 590 Conventional steels of the 1.4301 and 1.4401 type
can be attacked by stress corrosion cracking
The steel is susceptible to embrittlement when (SCC) in chloride environments at high
applied in the temperature range of 350-950°C . temperatures in combination with tensile stress.
(Sigma phase 600-950°C, 475°C embrittlement Due to their continuous ferritic phase, stainless
350-525°C ) In normal welding and heat-treatment steels of the duplex type are much less sensitive to
operations the risk of embrittlement is low. this type of corrosion.

VALBRUNA NORDIC AB EN 1.4462 0509 ENG 1.

EN 1.4462 is also an approved material according Welding
to NACE MR0175 “Standard Material
Requirements-Metals for Sulfide Stress Cracking EN 1.4462 has generally a good weldability and
and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sour can be welded using most of the welding methods
Oilfield Environments”. used for stainless steels:
− Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
Pitting and crevice corrosion − Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW (TIG)
Resistance to pitting corrosion and crevice − Gas metal arc welding, GMAW (MIG)
corrosion increases with the content of chromium, − Flux-cored arc welding (FCW)
molybdenum and nitrogen in the steel. This is − Plasma arc welding (PAW)
often illustrated by using the pitting resistance − Submerged-arc welding (SAW)
equivalent (PRE) for the material, which can be
calculated using the formula: Due to the balanced composition, the heat
PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N or by affected zone obtains a sufficiently high content
measuring the critical crevice corrosion of austenite to avoid the risk of localised
temperature (CCT) at which corrosion occurs in a corrosion.
well-defined solution Welding shall be performed without preheating,
and cooling between passes to below 150ºC.
Heat treatment Filler material Avesta Welding 2205 or similar
shall be used to ensure weld properties
Solution annealing 1020-1100ºC. Holding time at comparable to those of the parent metal.
solution annealing temperature approx. 30 min,
followed by rapid cooling in water. Stress relief More detailed information concerning the
treatments can in special cases be performed at procedures for welding these steels can be
550ºC-600ºC. obtained from Avesta Welding AB.

Fabrication
Hot and cold forming Surface finish
Hot forming should be carried out in the
EN 1.4462 is available with pickled or machined
temperature range 1200-950°C. It should
and peeled surface.
however, be observed that the strength of the
duplex material is low at high temperatures. Hot
working should normally be followed by solution Stock standard
annealing. Please refer to our stock standard leaflet.
Due to the high proof strength of duplex material,
greater working forces than those required for Technical support
austenitic steel are usually needed for cold
forming of duplex steel. The spring back is VALBRUNA NORDIC AB will be helpful in
relatively high because of the high yield point. giving further advice and recommendations
Solution annealing is normally recommended concerning choice of materials, cutting data,
after more than 10 % cold deformation. welding, heat treatment etc.

Machining MATERIAL STANDARDS

Duplex stainless steels, such as EN 1.4462, are SS-EN 10272 Stainless steel bars for
generally more difficult to machine than pressure purposes
conventional austenitic steels and have different SS-EN 10088-3 Stainless steels-Part 3
machining properties than those of high-alloy Technical delivery
austenitic steels. The main difference is that conditions for semi-
duplex steels are relatively easier to machine with finished products, bars,
high-speed tools than with cemented carbide tools rods and sections for
compared to austenitic stainless steels with similar general use
alloy content. For more detailed information ASTM A 276/ Stainless steel bars for
on machining please refer to ”Cutting data ASME SA-276 general purposes
recommendations for EN 1.4462”, which can be ASTM A 479/ Stainless steel bars for
obtained on request. ASME SA-479 pressure boilers/pressure
vessels

VALBRUNA NORDIC AB EN 1.4462 0509 ENG 2.