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Blood: Leukocytes: Outline

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, make up less than 1% of blood volume and help defend the body against disease. There are two main types of leukocytes - granulocytes, which contain granules, and agranulocytes, which lack granules. Disorders can occur if leukocyte production becomes abnormal, such as in leukemia where cancer causes excessive, rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. The differential white blood cell count provides information about an individual's condition by identifying the number and types of cells in a blood sample.

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76 views

Blood: Leukocytes: Outline

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, make up less than 1% of blood volume and help defend the body against disease. There are two main types of leukocytes - granulocytes, which contain granules, and agranulocytes, which lack granules. Disorders can occur if leukocyte production becomes abnormal, such as in leukemia where cancer causes excessive, rapid production of abnormal white blood cells. The differential white blood cell count provides information about an individual's condition by identifying the number and types of cells in a blood sample.

Uploaded by

vinnie0905
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outline

• Overview of Leukocytes
Blood: • Types of Leukocytes
Leukocytes • White Blood Cell count
• Leukocyte Disorders
11/6/09

Leukocytes Types of leukocytes


White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
• <1% blood volume Plasma
- contain granules - lack visible granules
Buffy coat

4800 - 10800 WBCs/mm 3 of blood Formed


Erythrocytes elements
- spherical, with lobed - spherical or kidney-
• Complete cells nuclei shaped nuclei
• Defense against disease
Neutrophils (50-70%) Lymphocytes (25-45%)
• Diapedesis: leave capillary blood vessels
Eosinophils (2-4%) Monocytes (3-8%)
– Positive chemotaxis
Basophils (0.5-1%)

1
Types of leukocytes Types of leukocytes
• Granulocytes • Agranulocytes
– Neutrophils: polymorphonuclear, first to arrive, – Lymphocytes: immunity, T cells, B cells  antibodies
fight bacteria and fungi – Monocytes: macrophages (phagocytic), activate
– Eosinofils: bilobed, fight parasitic worms lympocytes
– Basophils: U or S nucleus, release histamine

Lymphocyte Monocyte Fig. 7.10


Neutrophil Eosinofil Basophil Fig. 7.10
(Round nucleus) (U, kidney-bean nucleus)

White Blood Cell Count Leukocyte Disorders


• 4800-10,800 WBCs/mm3 of blood • Leukemia
• Leukocytosis: >11,000 cells/mm3, – Cancer, abnormal WBCs produced too rapidly
homeostatic response to body infection – Cause: unknown
– Symptoms: immune system impaired, anemia,
bleeding, fever, weight loss, bone pain
Differential white blood cell count
– Acute (quickly advancing): blast cell
• Number of each type of cell in a sample of 100 WBCs – Chronic (slowly advancing): later stage cell
• Helps diagnose a condition/disorder

Abnormal
WBCs Acute leukemia
Fig. 7.9

2
Leukocyte Disorders Summary
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• Leukocytes mobilize to defend against disease
– Excessive amount of atypical agranulocytes
and thus are able to leave capillaries.
– Cause: Epstein-Barr virus
• Leukocytes can be granulocytes or
– Symptoms: tired, achy, sore throat, fever
agranulocytes.
• The differential WBC count can indicate an
individual’s condition.
• Irregular production of leukocytes can result in
disorders.
Atypical agranulocytes

Next time

Blood clotting and blood type


Cardiac Structure and function

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