Bluetooh Based Smart Sensor Networks - Presentation

BLUETOOTH BASED
SMART SENSOR
NETWORKS
INTRODUCTION
• Bluetooth is wireless high speed data transfer
technology over a short range (10 - 100 meters).
• Bluetooth Wireless Technology (BWT) was

developed in 1994 at Ericsson in Sweden.
• Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for

cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs.
Later the goals were to enable different devices through
a commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity.
INTRODUCTION (contd.)
• Ericsson on advent of BWT conceptualized a

Radio Technology through a wireless personal
area network (WPAN).
• Group called Bluetooth Special Interest Group

(SIG) was formed in 1998 to develop the
standard of IEEE 802.15
• This specification standardized the Bluetooth

technology worldwide.
BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATIONS
Bluetooth Specifications are:
• Developed by: Jaap Haarsten and Sven Mattisson in
Sweden
• Standard: IEEE 802.15
• ISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHz
• Range: 10 – 100 meters
• Channel Bandwidth: 1 Mbps
• Maximum Asymmetric Data Transfer Rate: 721 Kbps
TYPES OF BWT
Depending on the power consumption and range of
the device, there are 3 Bluetooth Classes as:
• Class 1: Max Power – 100mW ; Range – 100 m
• Class 2: Max Power – 2.5mW ; Range – 10 m
• Class 3: Max Power – 1mW ; Range – 1 m
Why the name BLUETOOTH?

The name was adopted as a tribute to the tenth-century Viking
king Harald Blåtand who peacefully united Denmark and Norway.
Harald liked to eat blueberries, which gave his teeth the coloration
that lead to the nickname "Bluetooth."
BLUETOOTH OPERATIONS
• BWT-enabled devices operate in 2.4GHz ISM Band
(Industrial, Science, Medical band).
• It uses 79 1-MHz frequencies in the ISM Band.
• Technique used – frequency hopping, to minimize

interference from other networks that also use ISM Band.
Figure :BWT-enabled devices hop between frequencies up to 1600

Bluetooth Operations (contd.)
HOW TO REDUCE INTERFERENCE?
• BWT devices hop randomly between frequencies up to
1600 times per second.
• So, if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.:

cordless phone) ,then the interference with the BWT
network lasts only for about 1/1600 of a second.
• By then, the devices hop to another frequency.
• High Immunity to interference from other 2.4 GHz

devices.
BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGY
Depending on the type of connections established
between various Bluetooth devices, 2 main
topologies are as:
1. PICONET TOPOLOGY, and
2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY
To any topology, there are 2 prime components:

1. MASTER device
2. SLAVE device
1. PICONET TOPOLOGY
• A piconet consists of upto 8 BWT-enabled devices.
• When piconet is established, one device sets up frequency-

hopping pattern and other devices synchronize their signals
to the same pattern.
• Primary Devices: Those devices which sets the frequency-

hopping pattern.
• Secondary Devices: Those devices which get synchronized.
• Each piconet has a different frequency-hopping pattern.

PICONET TOPOLOGY (contd.)
• In Bluetooth, each piconet has 1 Master for
establishment of piconet, and upto 7 Slave
devices.
• Master’s Bluetooth address is used for defining
frequency-hopping sequence.
• Slave devices use master clock to synchronize
their clocks so as to hop simultaneously.
• For establishing piconet, other bluetooth devices
in range are discovered by an inquiry procedure.
Piconet Topology (Modes of Bluetooth
Communication)
• When more than 7 devices need to communicate,
then one or more devices are put in park state.
• 3 Bluetooth Low Power Modes are: SNIFF, HOLD and
PARK.
• Park Mode: A devices disassociates from piconet when
in park mode.
• The master consistently sends warnings to invite a
slave to rejoin the piconet.
• The slaves can rejoin only if there a less than 7 slaves.
• If not so, the master has to ‘park’ one of the active
slaves.
2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY
• Scatternet consists of several piconets connected
by devices participating in multiple piconet.
• Here, devices can be slaves in all piconets or

master in one piconet and slave in other piconets.
• There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconets which

is also a slave in individual piconets.
SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY (contd.)
Advantages of Scatternet:
• Higher throughput
• Multi-hop connections between devices in
different piconets.
FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
• BROADCAST CHANNELS: Adoption of Bluetooth into
mobile phones and enable advertising models based on
users pulling information from the information points.
• TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT: Automatic configuration of

piconet topologies in scatternet situations.
• QoS IMPROVEMENTS: Enable audio and video data

transmission at higher quality, especially in best effort
traffic being transmitted in the same piconet.
BWT SECURITY
BWT security is complex, transparent, and easily implemented
BWT uses 3 security mechanisms: authentication,
authorization and encryption.
3 levels (modes) security are:
• MODE 1: No Security;
anyone can use the device; default setting condition
in printers, etc.
• MODE 2: Service Level Security;
permission required to access the device; exchange
of business cards; personal authentication.
• MODE 3: Link Level Security;
devices to be paired before connection and transfer.
BLUETOOH BASED SENSOR
NETWORKS
• Challenge: It is to ensure interoperability among various
Bluetooth manufactures’ devices and to provide numerous
applications.
• One such application is : WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)
• Important features of WSN: Collaboration of network nodes

during execution and Data Centric nature.
• Many smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data and
send it to users via ‘gateway’ using multi-hop routes.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
(WSN)
WSN consists of number of small devices equipped with a sensing
unit, microprocessors, wireless communication interface and
power source.
Two main operations performed by WSN are:

1. QUERING – Queries are used when user requires only the
current value of the observation.
2. TASKING – More Complex operation
Used when a phenomenon has to be observed over a large
period of time.
WSN (contd.)
Functions of GATEWAY:
 Communication with sensor networks: Shortage
Wireless Communication ; Discovery of smart
sensor nodes
 Gateway Logic: Controlling Gateway interface

and data flow ; Providing uniform access to
sensors
 Communication with users: Communication over

Internet, WAN, Satellite, etc.
Figure: Wireless Sensor Networ
SENSOR NETWORK
IMPLEMENTATION
• OBJECTIVE: To build a Hardware platform and
generic Software Solutions to serve for research
in WSN protocols.
• Components of Sensor Network: Smart Sensor

Nodes and Gateway
• Gateway and Smart nodes are members of

piconets and so, not more than 7 nodes can exist
in the network.
Example: Pressure Sensor
For implementation of Pressure Sensor as Bluetooth

Node, following components are important:
• Bluetooth Device
• Sensors
• Microcontroller
• TEDS – Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
Figure: SMART SENSOR NODE IMPLEMENTATION

BLUETOOTH HARDWARE
ARCHITECTURE
Bluetooth Hardware consists of 3 main functional modules:
• 2.4 GHz Bluetooth RF Transceiver Unit
• Link Management Unit
• Host Controller Interface
HOST CONTROLLER – Consists of a Digital Signal Processing part,

having Link Controller(LC) & CPU Core.
It interfaces to the Host environment.
LINK CONTROLLER - Consists of Hardware & Software parts to
perform Base-Band Processing, and Physical Layer Protocols.
Also performs low-level digital signal processing to form
connections.
BLUETOOTH HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE (contd.)
• CPU CORE – Helps Bluetooth Module to handle

Inquires and filter page request (not involving
host device).
• LINK MANAGER - LM software runs on CPU core. LM

discovers other remote LMs and
communicates to them via LMP (link
manager protocols).
• Bluetooth Module also incorporates Higher-Level
Software Protocols, governing the functionality and
interoperability with other modules.
Figure: BLUETOOTH MODELLED HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
DISCOVERY OF SMART SENSOR
NODES
• After installation, the primary step during
execution is to discover the smart sensor nodes
in the area.
• The is to prepare a list of sensor’s characteristics

and network topology.
• Next in execution process, provision is to have

addition of new or removal of existing sensors.
ALGORITHM FOR OPERATION OF
NETWORKS
• Initialization of gateway and Bluetooth Inquiry Procedure.
• Discovery of Bluetooth device and Checking of major and
minor devices.
• Setting of parameters and assigning type of devices and
sensors.
• Description by Service-Class Field.
• Discarding of non-smart nodes.
• Else, service database of the discovered smart node is
searched for sensor services.
• If no current sensor profile, then database is searched for
serial port connection parameters.
• Lastly, Bluetooth link is established and data exchange with
smart node starts.
MERITS and DEMERITS
MERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks:
• Low Cost
• Low Power Consumption
• Short Range
• Wireless Technology
• Reasonable throughput
• Low maintenance cost
• Easy link establishment
DEMERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks:

• Short Range (10 – 100 m)
• Average Speed
• Short Life
THANK YOU

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What are the main components of Bluetooth hardware architecture?

What are the main components of Bluetooth hardware architecture?

What are the two main topologies in Bluetooth?

What are the two main topologies in Bluetooth?

BLUETOOTH BASED

• Bluetooth Wireless Technology (BWT) was

• Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for

• Ericsson on advent of BWT conceptualized a

• Group called Bluetooth Special Interest Group

• This specification standardized the Bluetooth

Why the name BLUETOOTH?

• It uses 79 1-MHz frequencies in the ISM Band.

• Technique used – frequency hopping, to minimize

Figure :BWT-enabled devices hop between frequencies up to 1600

• So, if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.:

• By then, the devices hop to another frequency.

• High Immunity to interference from other 2.4 GHz

To any topology, there are 2 prime components:

• When piconet is established, one device sets up frequency-

• Primary Devices: Those devices which sets the frequency-

• Secondary Devices: Those devices which get synchronized.

• Each piconet has a different frequency-hopping pattern.

• Here, devices can be slaves in all piconets or

• There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconets which

• TOPOLOGY MANAGEMENT: Automatic configuration of

• QoS IMPROVEMENTS: Enable audio and video data

• One such application is : WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)

• Important features of WSN: Collaboration of network nodes

Two main operations performed by WSN are:

 Gateway Logic: Controlling Gateway interface

 Communication with users: Communication over

• Components of Sensor Network: Smart Sensor

• Gateway and Smart nodes are members of

For implementation of Pressure Sensor as Bluetooth

Figure: SMART SENSOR NODE IMPLEMENTATION

HOST CONTROLLER – Consists of a Digital Signal Processing part,

• CPU CORE – Helps Bluetooth Module to handle

• LINK MANAGER - LM software runs on CPU core. LM

• The is to prepare a list of sensor’s characteristics

• Next in execution process, provision is to have

DEMERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks:

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